Dt.7.7.2010 (Wed) a Vanglaini phek 4-na a article, Polygraph (Lie detector) chungchang rawn ziak kha a tha in beng a ti var hle mai. A sawisel zawng ni lovin kha ta ziah hmaih leh ka duh khawp lohna tlem azawng in han tuihnih ve ila.
Polygraph lo chhuah dan tlem han tarlang hmasa ila: Criminalist lar tak Lombroso chuan misual nia rinhlelhte chian nan ama khawl 'hydrospnygmograph' in an blood pressure leh marphu te tehin bul a tan a, 1921 ah John Larson-a'n a hma a khawlah chuan thawk dan (respiration rate) tehna belhin a hmang ve leh a. Kum 1939 ah Leonard Keeler-a'n kan vun (skin) a current kal dan (conduction) leh a tehna lo tichiangtu (amplifier) belh lehin tunlaia kan hriatlar tak, Polygraph (lie detector) hi a lo chhuak ta a ni.
Miin dawt a sawi hian a taksaah danglamna a awm thin a, chu thil danglam lo awm chu polygraph hian a lo chhinchhiah thin a ni. Polygraph hi khawl, kan blood pressure te, marphu (pulse), lungphu (respiration rate & depth) te leh tihrawl chet vel dan te tehtu a ni mai a. Khawl chuan thu an zawhfiah laia mihring taksaa danglamna lo awm chu a lo tehin a lo chhinchhiah thin a ni. A result lo chhuak chu zawhna an zawh nen a hunlaia danglamna chu an en mil a, a test conduct-tu chuan thutlukna an siam ta thin a ni. Khawl dang Cardiographs, Pneumographs, Cardio-cuff leh sensitive electrode te pawh hi Polygraph examna atan hian an hmang tel ve thin.
Mihring hi kan inang lo hlawm em em a, a thenin hniakphawi miah lova Police hmaah pawh dawt an sawi theih laiin, a zam hma chi chu Police hmel hmuh ringawt pawhin an zam thei a ni. Chuvangin a zam hma tan chuan, thil sual ti miah lo pawhin he khawla thlun a nih hian, a zam chhia ang a, dawt sawi angin khawlin a lo record ang tih hi ngaihtuah hmaih miah loh tur a ni. Chutiang bawkin, mahni in control thei tan chuan, dawt pawh sawi se, thu dik sawi angin khawl hian a lo record mai dawn a ni.
He'ng vangte pawh hi a ni mahna, Polygraph hmanga Police emaw hnuchhuitu dangte'n an thu hriat hi India ram khawi Court-ah mah evidence anga pawm a ni lo a ni. Dt. 5th May 2010 (Wed) ah khan Supreme Court-a Chief Justice K.G Balakrishan leh Justice pahnih RV Ravindran leh JM Panchal te chuan Polygraph test leh hnuchhuina atana a hman thin dang Narco-analysis leh Brain Mapping (Brain Electrical Activation Profile) te chu duh duha hman phal loh an ti a. Supreme Court lam chuan, 'mi tu pawh criminal case nei pawh tumah heng khawla test paltlang tur hian tih luih a thiang lova, an tih luih tir a nih chuan mimal zalenna an tih bawrhban sak a ni ang' a ti a ni.
Mimal zalenna in tih bawrhban sak hi India Dan pui (Constitution) 21 bawhchhiatna a ni. Tin, Indian Constitution 20(3) chuan, mi tupawh mahni thiamloh in chantir turin, amah vek kha thuhretu-ah tan duh loh theihna right (right against self incrimination) a nei a ti bawk. He article 20(3) behchhan hian a ni Supreme Court chuan heng Polygraph, Narco-analysis leh Brain mapping te hi Court-a Evidence anga a pawm loh.
Supreme Court Judgement page 251-ah chuan, 'hetiang test hman luih hi nunrawngna, mihring lo zia, mimal zalenna leh ngaihtuahna in tih bawrhban sakna a ni a, International Human Rights kalphung nen a inkalh tlat a ni' an ti bawk. Supreme Court chuan heng khawl hman luih hian Fundamental rights leh Constitutional rights, 'Rorelna dik hmu tura kan chanpual (right to fair trial) a kalh tlat a ni an ti. Supreme Court chuan mihring innghaisakna chikhat tho a ni a, tuna kan Police-te tih dan pangngai thlak nan chuan a la hmantlak loh an ti bawk.
Sawi tawh angin Polygraph hi court-ah evidence a tlin loh mai bakah duh duha hman theih a ni lova. He test hi an ti dawn a nih pawhin Supreme Court chuan National Human Rights Commission duh dan (guidelines) anga kalpui tur a ni a ti. An guideline chu han tarlang leh ila:
1. Lie-detector test hi a paltlang tur (accused) remtihna (consent) tel lo chuan tih loh tur a ni a, test hmain a remtih leh tih loh zawh hmasak tur a ni.
2. Accused chuan rem a ti a nih pawhin, Police leh Lawyer lamte chuan a test chungchang, kalphung leh a hnathawh dan chiang takin an hrilhfiah hmasa tur a ni.
3. Accused-in a remtihna chu Judicial Magistrate hmaah ngei ziakin a dah tur a ni.
4. Magistrate hmaa a din lai hian, accused chu ama Lawyer-in a dinpui ngei tur a ni.
5. Court-a a din hunah pawh Lie detector hmanga a thusawi chu magistrate hmaa inpuanna ni lovin; Police hmaa a thusawi ang chauha ngaih tur a ni tih chiang takin an hrilh tur a ni.
6. Magistrate pawhin an hren (detention) rei zawng leh an dawp dan chungchang zawng zawng a ngaihtuah fel hmasa vek tur a ni.
7. Lie-detector test hi Independent Agency (a chhuitu dept. ni lovin) in an ti tur a ni. (eg. hospital), tin, a test tih lai hian a lawyer chu a awm ve ngei bawk tur a ni.
8. He test atanga an thil hriat zawng zawng (medical & factual narration) te chu an chhinchhiah (record) thlap tur a ni.
Heng a chunga point hrang hrang kan sawi takte zawm vek chunga miin, Polygraph test hi a paltlang duh a nih chuan, investigation puitu atan police lam pawhin an hmang thei a, amaherawhchu, miin he test hi a paltlang duh lo a nih pawhin, thilsual tih zep tur a neih vang (indication of guilt) a ni kher lo tih hi hre tlang ila a tha awm e.
Tin, Polygraph khawla kan taksa a danglamna lo awm tehtu hi, dawt sawi leh phatna te'na an tih danglam ni lovin, zamna (nervousness), hlauhna (fear), rilru buaina (confusion) leh kan rilru puthmang (emotions) dangte'n an control a ni a, chuvangin miin dawt a sawi leh sawi loh chiang taka prove theihna a ni chuang lo. Heng te avang hian a ni ang e, India ram khawi court-ah mah evidence anga pawm a nih loh.
- Laltanpuia
Polygraph lo chhuah dan tlem han tarlang hmasa ila: Criminalist lar tak Lombroso chuan misual nia rinhlelhte chian nan ama khawl 'hydrospnygmograph' in an blood pressure leh marphu te tehin bul a tan a, 1921 ah John Larson-a'n a hma a khawlah chuan thawk dan (respiration rate) tehna belhin a hmang ve leh a. Kum 1939 ah Leonard Keeler-a'n kan vun (skin) a current kal dan (conduction) leh a tehna lo tichiangtu (amplifier) belh lehin tunlaia kan hriatlar tak, Polygraph (lie detector) hi a lo chhuak ta a ni.
Miin dawt a sawi hian a taksaah danglamna a awm thin a, chu thil danglam lo awm chu polygraph hian a lo chhinchhiah thin a ni. Polygraph hi khawl, kan blood pressure te, marphu (pulse), lungphu (respiration rate & depth) te leh tihrawl chet vel dan te tehtu a ni mai a. Khawl chuan thu an zawhfiah laia mihring taksaa danglamna lo awm chu a lo tehin a lo chhinchhiah thin a ni. A result lo chhuak chu zawhna an zawh nen a hunlaia danglamna chu an en mil a, a test conduct-tu chuan thutlukna an siam ta thin a ni. Khawl dang Cardiographs, Pneumographs, Cardio-cuff leh sensitive electrode te pawh hi Polygraph examna atan hian an hmang tel ve thin.
Mihring hi kan inang lo hlawm em em a, a thenin hniakphawi miah lova Police hmaah pawh dawt an sawi theih laiin, a zam hma chi chu Police hmel hmuh ringawt pawhin an zam thei a ni. Chuvangin a zam hma tan chuan, thil sual ti miah lo pawhin he khawla thlun a nih hian, a zam chhia ang a, dawt sawi angin khawlin a lo record ang tih hi ngaihtuah hmaih miah loh tur a ni. Chutiang bawkin, mahni in control thei tan chuan, dawt pawh sawi se, thu dik sawi angin khawl hian a lo record mai dawn a ni.
He'ng vangte pawh hi a ni mahna, Polygraph hmanga Police emaw hnuchhuitu dangte'n an thu hriat hi India ram khawi Court-ah mah evidence anga pawm a ni lo a ni. Dt. 5th May 2010 (Wed) ah khan Supreme Court-a Chief Justice K.G Balakrishan leh Justice pahnih RV Ravindran leh JM Panchal te chuan Polygraph test leh hnuchhuina atana a hman thin dang Narco-analysis leh Brain Mapping (Brain Electrical Activation Profile) te chu duh duha hman phal loh an ti a. Supreme Court lam chuan, 'mi tu pawh criminal case nei pawh tumah heng khawla test paltlang tur hian tih luih a thiang lova, an tih luih tir a nih chuan mimal zalenna an tih bawrhban sak a ni ang' a ti a ni.
Mimal zalenna in tih bawrhban sak hi India Dan pui (Constitution) 21 bawhchhiatna a ni. Tin, Indian Constitution 20(3) chuan, mi tupawh mahni thiamloh in chantir turin, amah vek kha thuhretu-ah tan duh loh theihna right (right against self incrimination) a nei a ti bawk. He article 20(3) behchhan hian a ni Supreme Court chuan heng Polygraph, Narco-analysis leh Brain mapping te hi Court-a Evidence anga a pawm loh.
Supreme Court Judgement page 251-ah chuan, 'hetiang test hman luih hi nunrawngna, mihring lo zia, mimal zalenna leh ngaihtuahna in tih bawrhban sakna a ni a, International Human Rights kalphung nen a inkalh tlat a ni' an ti bawk. Supreme Court chuan heng khawl hman luih hian Fundamental rights leh Constitutional rights, 'Rorelna dik hmu tura kan chanpual (right to fair trial) a kalh tlat a ni an ti. Supreme Court chuan mihring innghaisakna chikhat tho a ni a, tuna kan Police-te tih dan pangngai thlak nan chuan a la hmantlak loh an ti bawk.
Sawi tawh angin Polygraph hi court-ah evidence a tlin loh mai bakah duh duha hman theih a ni lova. He test hi an ti dawn a nih pawhin Supreme Court chuan National Human Rights Commission duh dan (guidelines) anga kalpui tur a ni a ti. An guideline chu han tarlang leh ila:
1. Lie-detector test hi a paltlang tur (accused) remtihna (consent) tel lo chuan tih loh tur a ni a, test hmain a remtih leh tih loh zawh hmasak tur a ni.
2. Accused chuan rem a ti a nih pawhin, Police leh Lawyer lamte chuan a test chungchang, kalphung leh a hnathawh dan chiang takin an hrilhfiah hmasa tur a ni.
3. Accused-in a remtihna chu Judicial Magistrate hmaah ngei ziakin a dah tur a ni.
4. Magistrate hmaa a din lai hian, accused chu ama Lawyer-in a dinpui ngei tur a ni.
5. Court-a a din hunah pawh Lie detector hmanga a thusawi chu magistrate hmaa inpuanna ni lovin; Police hmaa a thusawi ang chauha ngaih tur a ni tih chiang takin an hrilh tur a ni.
6. Magistrate pawhin an hren (detention) rei zawng leh an dawp dan chungchang zawng zawng a ngaihtuah fel hmasa vek tur a ni.
7. Lie-detector test hi Independent Agency (a chhuitu dept. ni lovin) in an ti tur a ni. (eg. hospital), tin, a test tih lai hian a lawyer chu a awm ve ngei bawk tur a ni.
8. He test atanga an thil hriat zawng zawng (medical & factual narration) te chu an chhinchhiah (record) thlap tur a ni.
Heng a chunga point hrang hrang kan sawi takte zawm vek chunga miin, Polygraph test hi a paltlang duh a nih chuan, investigation puitu atan police lam pawhin an hmang thei a, amaherawhchu, miin he test hi a paltlang duh lo a nih pawhin, thilsual tih zep tur a neih vang (indication of guilt) a ni kher lo tih hi hre tlang ila a tha awm e.
Tin, Polygraph khawla kan taksa a danglamna lo awm tehtu hi, dawt sawi leh phatna te'na an tih danglam ni lovin, zamna (nervousness), hlauhna (fear), rilru buaina (confusion) leh kan rilru puthmang (emotions) dangte'n an control a ni a, chuvangin miin dawt a sawi leh sawi loh chiang taka prove theihna a ni chuang lo. Heng te avang hian a ni ang e, India ram khawi court-ah mah evidence anga pawm a nih loh.
- Laltanpuia