JUDA-TE BIBLE LO PIAN DAN (Canonization of the Hebrew Bible)

Muslim ṭhen­khat chuan an sakhaw lehkhabu ‘Koran’ chu Pathian ziah sa, vàn aṭanga a rawn thlák, Mohamed-a’n a lo chhar angin an ngai. Kristiante zîngah pawh mi ṭhenkhat chuan Bible hi Pathian ziak tak taka an ngai a nih êm loh pawhin a ziaktuten Bible atân rênga an ziak, an ziah zawh veleha Pathian lehkhabua pawm nghâl emaw ti tâwk an awm. Mahse Bible-a lehkhabu ziaktute hian an ziah laiin ‘Khawi nge, Pathian lehkhabu-a telh tùr ka’n ziak teh ang’ ti-a ziak an ni lo a. An thu ziah chu anmahni pawh an thih hnu rei takah Pathian lehkhabu zîngah pawm a ni chauh zâwk a ni. Paula lehkhathawn ṭhenkhat (e.g. Philemona) te ang hi chu tûnlai hun ang ni se, telephone-a sawi zawh mai tùr chi a ni.

Juda-te chuan Thu­thlung Hlui chauh hi Pathian Lehkhabûah an pawm a; Samaritan-ho phei chuan Genesis–Deuteronomy (Torâ) chauh hi Pathian lehkhabûah an pawm. Juda-te chuan Thuthlung Hlui hi hlâwm 3-ah an ṭhen a; chûngte chu – (1) Torâ (Dàn); Nebi’îm (Zàwlneite); (3) Kethubîm (Thuziakte) an ti. Torâ chu bu 5 – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers & Deuteronomy a ni a. Zir mite chuan hêng lehkhabute hi Pentateuch an ti a, chumi awmzia chu ‘lehkhabu zial panga’ tihna a ni. Nebi’îm chu hmun 2-ah an ṭhen leh a: Nebi’îm Rishonîm (Zàwlnei hmasate) bu 4– Josua, Rorêltute, Samuela & Lalte (1&2 Samuela hi bu khatah an chhiar a; 1&2 Lalte pawh bu khatah an chhiar); Nebi’îm Akharonîm (Zàwlnei hnuhnungte) bu 4– Isaia, Jeremia, Ezekiela & Sàwmpahnihte. Sàwmpahnihte chu zàwlnei tê 12-te hi a ni a; Daniela bu hi Juda-te Bible-ah chuan Zàwlnei lehkhabu zîngah an telh lo; a chhan chu Zàwlnei lehkhabute an pawm fel laiin Daniela bu hi ziah a la nih loh vàng a ni. Daniela bu hi kum 165/164 BC vêla ziah a ni. Kethubîm chu bu 11 a ni a; chûngte chu – Sam, Joba, Thufingte, Ruthi, Hlate Hla, Thuhriltu, Ṭah Hla, Estheri, Daniela, Ezra-Nehemia, Chronicles. Ezra & Nehemia hi bu 1-ah an chhiar a; 1&2 Chronicles pawh bu 1-ah an chhiar bawk. Juda-te chhiar dàn chuan an Bible-ah lehkhabu 24 a awm. 1&2 Chronicles hi lehkhabu hnuhnung ber a ni.

Juda-ten an Bible hmun 3-a ṭhen Torâ, Nebi’îm & Kethubîm hawrawp bul ber zêl chu la khâwmin TNK an ti a, a inkârah vowel ‘a’ dahin TaNaK an ti a; chu chu an Bible hmingah hmangin Tanak an ti ta a ni. Torâ hi ‘Mosia lehkhabu’ tiin Juda-te leh Kristianten kan sawi ṭhin a; mahse Mosia ziah vek tihna erawh a ni lo. Tûna kan neih anga Torâ lo piang chhuak tûr hian kum za tam tak a ngai. Mi thiamten an sawi dàn chuan Torâ bu 5-te hi thu dawnna hnâr 4 – JEDP rem taka chuktuah khâwm a ni. Chutianga JEDP an chuktuah khâwm fel hun chu kum 950–550 BC chhûng vêl kha a ni ang; JEDP hi thu dawnna hnâr upat dàn indawt a ni (J=Jahwist; E=Elohistic; D=Deuteronomist; P=Priestly).

Juda-ten Torâ hi Pathian lehkhabuah an pawm fel hun chu kum 450/400 BC vêl kha a ni tih hriat theih dàn kawng hnih a awm. (1) Kum 450 BC-ah khân Ezra chu Babulon aṭangin Jerusalem-ah a lo kîr a; hemi ṭum hian Torâ bu a rawn hàwn a. Torâ a rawn hawn chu Jerusalem tuallaiah zîng aṭang chhûn thlengin an chhiar a (Neh 8.3); mipui chuan an sualzia hriain Ezra chuan siamṭhatna hna a thawk zui ta a ni. (2) Persia aṭanga Nehemia lo hawin Jerusalem kulh a rawn siam ṭhat lai khân Samari miten an rawn dodâl a (Neh 6.1–14). Samari miten tûn thlengin Torâ chauh hi Bible-ah an pawm a. Tûnah hian Samari mite hi 760 vêl an ni a; chûng zînga 400 chu Tel Aviv chhim lam Holon-ah an chêng a, 360 chu Kiryat Luza, Gerizim tlâng bulah an chêng. Samari mite chuan kum 450/400 vêl aṭangin Torâ chu Bible-ah an lo pawm tawh tihna a ni a. Hêng aṭang hian Torâ chu kum 400 BC-ah chuan Juda-ten Pathian lehkhabuah an pawm fel tawh tihna a ni.

Nebi’îm hi kum 200 BC-ah khán Juda-ten Bible-ah an pawm fel tawhah ngaih a ni bawk a. Daniela bu hi zàwlnei lehkhabu zînga chhiar tel ngei tùr ni mah se a tel lo tlat a; a tel loh chhan chu kum 200 BC-ah khán an la ziak lo tihna a ni. Kum 180 BC-ah Isua, Siraka fapain Ecclesiasticus bu Hebrai ṭawngin a ziak a; Apocrypha zînga ‘Siraka’ tih hi a ni. He lehkhabu hi a ziaktu tupa-in kum 132 BC-ah khán Grik ṭawngin a letling a. Thuhmahruai a ziahah chuan ‘Torâ, Nebi’îm leh kan pate lehkhabu dang’ tih ṭawngkam hi vawi 3 a hmang a. Chuvàngin Torâ & Nebi’îm chu Juda-ten an pawm fel tawh tih a chiang a. Hlâwm thumna Kethubîm erawh chuan hming bîk a la nei lo. Thuthlung Tharah Isuan ‘Mosia Dànah te, Zàwlnei Lehkhabuah te leh Fakna Hla Bu-ah te tih ṭawngkam a hmang bawk a (Lk 24.44). Isua hunah khán hlâwm 3-na hian hming bîk a la nei lo; Sam chu an hman tlânglàwn deuh avàngin ‘Fakna Hla Bu’ tih chu a khai khâwm nân an hmang ṭhin niin a lang. Kethubîm hi eng tikah nge Juda-ten Bible-ah an pawm fel? Kethubîm-ah hian Bible-a pawm harsa tih deuh bu 2/3 vêl a awm a. Pakhat chu Estheri bu hi a ni a; Estheri-ah hian ‘Pathian’ hming a lan loh vàng a ni. Estheri bûah hian Juda-te kût, tûn thlenga an hman uar tak êm êm ‘Purim’ lo chhuah dàn a chuang a; hemi avàng hian Juda-te chuan Estheri bu hi Bible-ah an seng lût a ni. Lehkhabu dang pahnih – Thuhriltu leh Hlate Hla hi Bible-a an seng luh dâwnin an inhnial nasa viau a ni ang. Thuhriltu hi chhe lam hlîra thil thlirna a nih avàngin an pawm hreh deuh a; Hlate Hla hi nula leh tlangvâl inlèmna hla mai mai ni-a a lan avàngin pawm an harsat hle bawk.

Yahonan ben Zakkai-a (30BC–AD90) chu Jerusalem tihchhiat laia Rabbi hmingthang tak a ni a. Rom sipaiin Jerusalem an hual lai khán a zirtîrten a thi tiin Rom sipai an bum a, kuangah dahin an zâwn chhuak a; Jerusalem a chhuahsan hnûah Gen. Vespasian-a hmuin Jamnia-ah Juda Rabbi-te zirna in a din a. A kaihhruaina hnuaiah kum AD 90-ah khán Jamnia Council chu an nei a. Jamnia Council-ah hian Rabbi eng zât nge tel hriat theih a ni lo; Nicea Council anga lian pawh a ni lo. Khatih laia Judai rama Rabbi-te bákah Babulon lam aṭanga lo kalte pawh an tel ve mai thei; hetih lai hian Babulon-ah Juda mi thiam tam tak an awm a ni. Jamnia Council-ah hian an thil ngaihtuah pawimawh tak chu Bible-a tel tùr lehkhabu tihfel a ni.

Khatih lai khán Thuthlung Hlui chu Grik ṭawnga lehlin a ni tawh a; chu chu Septuagint an tih ták hi a ni. Septuagint-ah chuan Thuthlung Hlui lehkhabu bák Apocrypha bute pawh hi a tel bawk. Septuagint chu Kristian hmasate khán an hmang uar hle a; Juda mi tam takin Thuthlung Hlui ziahna Hebrai ṭawng (Classical Hebrew) hi an thiam tawh lo a; khawvêl ṭawng tuallêng Grik ṭawnga lehlin Septuagint chu Kristiante pawhin an hmang nasa zâwk a ni ang. Paula lehkhathawna Thuthlung Hlui thu a lák chhuah tam ber hi Septuagint aṭanga lák chhuah a nih avàngin Thuthlung Hluia mi nèn a danglam hret ṭhin.

Jamnia Council-ah chuan Hebrai Bible hlâwm 3-na Kethubîm-a tel tùr tihfel chu an hnapui pakhat a ni a; an inhnialna lian ber chu Hlate Hla a ni a. Hlate Hla hi Rabbi zînga duh fîrho chuan hnâwl an duh a. Jamnia Council-ah hian Rabbi pâwl hnih an awm a. Liberal (pawm zau thei pâwl), Rabbi Hillel-a (110BC–AD10) hote leh Conservative (duh fîr pâwl), Rabbi Shammaia (50BC–AD30) hote an ni. Rabbi Hillel-a hote zîngah mi ropui tak Rabbi Akiva (AD 40–137) a tel a. A âw chu khawpui ri ang maia ring a ni a; inhnial lah a thiam hle bawk. Rabbi Akiva chuan Hlate Hla duh lotute chu hnialin, “Khawvêl pum puiah Israel-te hnêna Hlate Hla pêk ni tluka hlu a awm lo; thuziakte hi a thianghlim vek a; chûng zîngah chuan Hlate Hla hi a thianghlim ber” a ti a (cf. Mishna, Yadaim III:5). Hillel-a hote chu an tam zâwk bawk a, an thu chu a chak ta a; Hlate Hla chu Kethubîm zîngah an telh ta a ni. Jamnia Council-ah hian Juda-ten Bible-a tel tùr an ngaihtuahin Hebrai ṭawnga ziak hmuh tùr awm chauh an thlang a; apocrypha bute chu an hnâwl ta vek a ni. Chutiang chuan Hebrai Bible chu kum AD 90 vêlah chuan tihfel a lo ni ta.

Kum 1959-a Mizo Bible bu kim a lo chhuah khân thingtlâng Kohhran Upa ṭhenkhat chuan Hlate Hla hi an han chhiar a, “Ka hang nâ a, ka nalh a nia... I hnute pahnih hian a ang, no pahnih, sazain phîr a neih, lili pâr zînga tlate chu” (Hlate 1.5; 4.5) tih angrengte a lo awm nuai si a. Bible-a telh tlákah pawh ngai loin sakawrbakchehin an hlep thla hlawk hlawm a ni. Juda-te chuan Hlate Hla hi Pathian leh a mo – Juda-te inkâr hmangaihna hla angin an ngai a; Kristiante erawh chuan Isua Krista leh a mo – Kohhranho inkâr phuahna hla angin ngaih a ni thung.