DOCTORATE DEGREE LEH A KAIHHNAWIH

Sâp ṭawnga ‘doctor’ tih hi Latin ṭawng aṭanga lák a ni a; Latin thumal ‘docere’ chu ‘zirtîr’ tihna a ni a, ‘doctoratus’ tih chu ‘zirtîrtu’ tihna a ni. ‘Doctorate degree’ chu a bul thûmah chuan University-in zirtîr thei tùra phalna a pêk ‘licence to teach/licentia docendi’ tihna a ni. Ram tam taka kalpui dànah chuan university-a zirtîr thei tùr buatsaihna a ni a; zirna pêng hrang hrangah docrate degree an pe ṭhin a, a tlángláwn ber chu PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) a ni. 

‘Doctorate’ zung kaihna chhui zêl tákah chuan Kohhran hun hmasaa Apostol-te leh Kohhran Pate kha Bible zirtîra hrilh fiahtu an nih avàngin doctor anga sawi theih an ni a. ‘Licentia docendi’ pe thei pawh kohhran chauh a ni ṭhin a; kum 1213-ah khân Pope chuan Paris University chu doctorate degree pe thei tûrin ‘licentia ubique docendi’ a pe a. Kum 1150-ah Paris University chuan khawvêla doctorate degree hmasa ber chu a pe a ni. 

Europe hmun tam záwkah erawh chuan hun laihãwl (Middle Ages) vêl aṭang khân doctorate degree hi an pe ṭan a. Thesis (dissertation) ziaka PhD degree hlàn hmasa ber chu Friederich Wilhelm University (Berlin) a ni. Medieval Europe-ah chuan zirna pêng pali - Theology, Medicine, Canon Law leh Civil Law-ahte doctorate degree an pe ṭhin. A tîr aṭang rêngin Theology (faculty of Divinity) hi chu zirnaah hian an dah sâng bîk larh sâ a ni. Zirna lama degree hming kaih tàwi hrang hrangte hi a tîrah chuan Latin ṭawng aṭanga lâk a ni deuh ber. BA/AB - Baccalaureus Artium or Artium Baccalaureus; MA/AM - Magister Artium or Artium Magister; MBBS/ MBBCh - Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; PhD/ DPhil - Philosophiae Doctor; DSc/ ScD - Scientiae Doctor; DLitt/ LittD - Litterarum Doctor/ Doctor Litterarum, etc. 

Lam tàwi ziah dànah hian tûn hma chuan hawrawp kârah dot (.) dah ṭhin a ni a; tûnah erawh chuan British-hoin dot an dah ngai ta vak lo a, USA-ah erawh chuan dot an la dah deuh zêl thung. British-ho chuan kaih tàwi hawrawp hnuhnung ber kha kaih tàwi tawpna a nih chuan dot (.) an dah ngai lêm lo a; American-ho erawh chuan an la dah deuh zêl thung (Entîr nân - Dr/ Dr.; Revd/ Revd.). Kei pawh Revd tih hi ka ziah dàn ber a ni. 

Khawvêl university tam berah chuan PhD hi zir tàwp a ni a; thesis/ dissertation ziakin PhD degree an dawng ṭhin. Cambridge University leh Oxford University-ah chuan PhD/ DPhil hi kum 3 chhûnga zawh tûra ngaih a ni a; an zo hman lo a nih chuan kum 1 dang an pêk belh thei. Oxford University hian university tih dang tih dàn zui loin DPhil tih a hmang. 

Cambridge University leh Oxford University chuan doctorate atâna zir zo, an thesis chu doctorate degree hmuh nâna ṭha táwk loa an ngaih chu degree hniam deuh zâwk an pe ṭhin. United Theological College-a India mi Principal hmasa  ber J.R. Chandran pawh kha Oxford University-ah DPhil a zir a; mahse DPhil degree ni loin BLitt degree an pe. USA-ah chuan PhD hi kum 4–6 chhûng zir a ni thung a; PhD atâna research an beih tak tak hmain ‘course work’ rei tak an bei a ni àwm e; Cambridge leh Oxford University-ah erawh chuan PhD/DPhil leh MPhil zir tûra an lákte chuan dissertation atân research an bei nghâl mawp mawp mai a ni. Cambridge leh Oxford University chuan zirlaite hi an ring ngam hle a ni ang. India ramah chuan MTh zirlaite pawh an thesis proposal chu college faculty-in an chaipui hmasa ngial ṭhin a; DTh zirte pawh research ṭan hmain kum 2/3 hmang pawh an awm a ni àwm e. 

Ram hrang hrangah degree hming vuah dàn a danglam thei a. BD hi USA-ah chuan MDiv an ti tawh a. MDiv an tih hnû khân tûn hmaa BD degree neite kha an Certificate chu MDiv Certificate-a thlák an duh leh duh loh an zâwt a ni a; UTC-a kan zirtîrtu Prof. W.P. Peery-a khân, “Kei pawh min rawn záwt a, ka duh teuh lo mai” tiin ka chhâng a ti.

Theology lama doctorate degree hming sawi dàn pawh hi ram hrang hrangah a danglam hlawm a. Germany-ah chuan DTheol (Doctor of Theology) an ti a; United Kingdom-ah chuan University degree PhD/DPhil an hmang nghâl a. USA-ah chuan Pathian thu zirna seminary-a zirte chu ThD an ti deuh bîk a; University degree a nih erawh chuan PhD an ti a. India ramah chuan DTh (Doctor of Theology) tih a ni thung. Sâp ram university tam takah chuan University-ah BA (Theology) an zir thei a; kohhrana rawih tùra inbuatsaih nân BA theology an pass hnûah kohhran theological college-ah an kal leh ṭhin. Revd Prof. John Emerton pawh kha Oxford University-a Corpus Christi College aṭangin BA (Theology Honours) a pass hnûah nem ngheh ni thei tûrin Wycliffe Hall 15950–1952 chhûng a zir leh a ni. Kohhran theological college ṭhenkhat chu ‘college’ ti loin ‘House’ emaw ‘Hall’ emaw an ti bawk.

United Kingdom-ah chuan doctorate degree chu Divinity, Law, Medicine leh Music-ah a bul an ṭan a; kum zabi 19 tàwp lamah khán research degree angin an ti ṭan chauh a ni. Cambridge University leh Durham University-in Doctor of Science (DSc) chu 1882-ah an ṭan a; London University-in 1885-ah a ṭan ve leh a. Oxford University chuan kum 1900-ah Doctor of Letters (DLitt) a ṭan ve bawk. Kum 1917-ah Bristish rama University-te chuan PhD tih hi hmang tlâng tûrin thu tlûkna an siam a; Oxford University erawh chuan DPhil tih a hmang ta zêl a ni. 

USA-ah chuan PhD hi doctorate degree langsàr ber a ni a. Kum 1861-ah khân USA-a doctorate degree hmasa ber chu Yale University-in a hlàn a. Chumi hnûah chuan Pennsylvania University-in 1871-ah, Cornell University-in 1872-ah, Harvard University-in 1873-ah, Michigan University-in 1876, Princeton University-in 1879-ah doctotrate degree an hlàn ve hlawm a ni.

United Kingdom-ah chuan PhD degree aia sâng doctorate degree an tihte chu Doctor of Divinity (DD), Doctor of Science (DSc), Doctor of Letters (DLitt), Doctor of Law (LLD), Doctor of Music (DMus) te a ni a. Cambridge Universirty leh Oxford University-ah chuan DD hi doctorate degree zîngah an dah sâng ber a; inchawimawina ‘honoris causa’-a pêk ni ve loin an lehkhabu chhuah tawh (research works) endik hnûa pêk a ni. College ṭhenkhat erawh chuan DD (Honoris Causa) an pe ve bawk.

Serampore College chuan DD (Honoris Causa) hi kum 1929 aṭang khân a pe ṭan a. Tûn hma chuan Pathian thu zirna lama mi hming ṭhate pêk an ni deuh ber a. Kum 1988-a Hokishe Sema (Himachal Pradesh Governor ni lai) a pêk aṭang khân India hmàrchhak lama politician-te an pe ta nual a. Pêk tláka an ngaih pe an ni a; tû khàwkhàin sawisèl ngawt theih a ni lo ang! Serampore College chauh ni loin tûnah chuan hmun hrang hrang aṭangin DD (Honoris Causa) dawng an awm tawh a; Pathian thu zirna nei eih lote pawh an ni hlawm a. Hei hian mi tam tak rilru-ah ‘tâng’ a siam deuh niin a lang. A petuten an pêk miau chuan tû ma sawisèlin awmzia a nei chuang lo. DD degree ni chiah lo doctorate degree, tute pawh pêk theih siam sela a ṭha mai thei! Kan kohhran hruaitu ni tawh pakhatin a sawi hi ka hre reng ṭhin. Hindustan Bible Institute (Chennai)-a BTh an zirlaiin an college-ah mi pakhatin thu a sawi a; a sawi ṭha phian a ni ang, “College hotute chuan DD degree an pe ringawt mai,” a ti alãwm! An pêk miau chuan pêk chhan a awm tihna ni.