JAMNIA COUNCIL

Tûn hma atangin Jamnia Council (AD 90 - 100?) hi awm ngeia hriat a ni ṭhin a. Amah­erawhchu, khawvél hi a danglam tial tial a, ngaih dàn leh thil thlìr dàn a inthlák nasa telh telh a. Sâpho zîngah English Bible lehlin pakhat Authorised Version (AV/KJV) chauh sawi máwia lehlin ṭha ber leh kim ber ti tlat, a dang chu âr chuka tui lo khawpa sawi chhetu an awm ang mai hian mi thiam zîngah pawh Jamnia Council kha awm tak tak lo ti-a ṭan khawh tlat an awm ta hial a. An thu ziahte chu Wikipedia-ahte pawh hmuh tùr a awm thliah thluah tawh a; mi ṭhenkhat tân rin mai harsa lo tak a ni ang. 

Mi thiam zînga Jamnia Council a awm rin loh thu vawrh hmasa deuh ber chu Heinrich Graetz (1871) a ni a; kum 1960 vêl aṭang khân Jamnia Council awm rin lohna hi a lian ta viau a. Tûnlai mi thiam zîngah chuan Raymond E. Brown leh Jack P. Lewis an tel. Raymond E. Brown chuan New Jerome Biblical Commentary (1990)-ah Jamnia Council awm a rin loh thu a ti lang a; Jack P. Lewis chuan Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992)-ah a ti lang bawk. Tûnlai mi thiam 

ṭhenkhat chuan Juda-te Bible pawm fel hun kha Hasmonean lal lai, kum 140 - 40 BC kha niin an ring. Anni hian an rin thu bák sawi theih an nei lo a; Jamnia Coucil a awm lo tih finfiahna ṭha táwk an nei bík lo. 

Hasmonean hunah khân Juda-ten an Bible ‘Tanakh’ hi an la pawm fel chiah lo a ni ang. A chhante chu- (1) Apocrypha zînga Siraka bu kha kum 180 BC vélah Hebrai ṭawnga ziah a ni a; kum 132-ah BC-ah a ziaktu tupain Grik ṭawngin a letling a. Thu hma hruaiah chuan Juda-te Tanakh ṭhen hmasa pahnih hming chu chiang taka ziakin ‘Dàn (Tôra) leh Zàwlneite (Nebi’îm)’ tih a ni a; ṭhen thumna erawh chuan hming bík ‘Kethubîm’ tih hi a pu lo, ‘Kan pate lehkhabu dang’ tih a ni ringawt. 

Juda-ten Tanakh chu hmun thumah an ṭhen a: (1) Tôra (Dàn)-bu 5; Nebi’îm (Zàwlneite)-bu 8; Kethubîm (Thuziakte)-11. A zavaiin bu 24 a ni; keinin bu 39-ah kan chhiar a; anni’n lehkhabu ṭhenkhat-1&2 Samuela, 1&2 Lalte, 1&2 Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemia, Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi bu khatah an chhiar vek thung a. Dàn bû chu Mosia lehkhabu 5-te hi a ni. Zàwlneite an tih erawh chu keini zàwlnei lehkhabu nèn a thuhmun chiah lo. Josua, Rorêltute, Samuela, Lalte hi ‘zàwlnei hmasa’ an ti a; Isaia, Jeremia, Ezekiela leh Zàwlnei tê 12-te hi ‘zàwlnei hnuhnung’ an ti. Héng bák chu ‘Thuziakte’ zíngah an telh vek a; bu 11-ah an chhiar. Thuziakte zíngah Daniela bu pawh a tel.

Isua dam lai khân Juda-te Tanakh hi hmun 3-ah ṭhen fel chiah a la ni lo. Isua khân ‘Dàn leh Zàwlneite’ chu hming hmerh fakin a sawi a; ṭhen ṭhumna ‘Kethubîm’ (Thuziakte) tih erawh chu a la hmang lo. Isuan ama chanchin sawi láwkna lehkhabu a sawi khàn ‘Mosia Dànahte, Zàwlnei Lehkhabûahte, Fakna Hla Bûahte’ tih a hmang a (Lk 24.44); khatih lai khân ‘Thuziakte’ khân hming pu fel tawh ni sela chuan ‘Thuziakte’ tih a hmang ngei ang. ‘Thuziakte’ kha an la pawm fel fak loh avàngin hming bík a la nei hman lo a ni ang. 

Juda mi thiamte zíngah pawh tûnlaia mi thiamte ang bawkin ngaih dàn hrang a awm ṭhin. Chûng ngaih dàn hrang chu chi hnih - pawm zau pâwl leh pawm zím pâwlah ṭhen theih a ni. Pawm zauho chu Hillel-a pâwl an ni a; pawm zímho chu Shammai-a pâwl an ni. Hillel-a (110 BC - AD 10) chu Hillel the Elder an tih kha a ni a; Babulon-a piang, a pa lamah Benjamin hnam, a nu lamah Davida thlah a ni. Amah ang bawka hmingthang chu a tupa Gamaliela I, Paula zirtírtu kha a ni. 

Shammai-a (50 BC - AD 30) chu Hillel-a aiin a naupang a, a dam rei lo záwk bawk. Hillel-a aiin kum 60 vélin piang tlai záwk mah se, kum 60 vél zet chu hun thuhmuna lêng za an ni. Anni pahnih hi The Great Sanhedrin-ah pawh an awm ho hman a, Hillel-a chu Sanhedrin President a nih laiin Shammai-a chu member ah a lût ve hman. Kum AD 10-a Hillel-a a thih khân Shammai-a chu Sanhedrin President ah a ṭang ta a; Shammai-a hunah chuan Hillel-a hun angin Sanhedrin-ah Vice President pawh an awm ta lo; amah chu a thû ta êm êm mai a ni. 

Thil tam takah chuan Hillel-a pâwl ngaih dàn hi a zau záwk a; amaherawhchu ngaih dàn hrang hlak vek erawh chu an ni bík lo. An thil zirtír danglamna lian tak pakhat chu ‘nupui mák’ chungchângah a ni. Shammai-a chuan thil tih sual lian tak avàng chauh lo chuan nupui mák a thiang lo a tih laiin Hillel-a ve thung chuan thil ho tê, chaw chhum kan vàng mai pawhin nupui mák theih a ti ve thung (Babylonian Talmud, Gittin 90a). A tlângpuiin Hillel-a pâwl hi an tam deuh záwk.

Jerusalem temple tih chhiat a nih hnû khân Juda mi thiamte pawh an darh zo titih ta a. Khatih laia Juda rabbi hmingthang tak pakhat chu Yohanan ben Zakkai a ni a; ani chu mi thiam tak leh zirtírtu ropui tak a nih avàngin mi chungchuang bíkte chauh hlawh ṭhin ‘Rabban’ hming an puttír a ni. Rom sipaiin Jerusalem an hual lai khân mitthi anga kuangah khungin an zawn chhuak a. Rom sipai hotu Vespasian-a hnênah kalin ‘lal a la ni ang’ tih a hrilh a. Vespasian-a’n Yavne (Jamnia) a tih chhiat loh phah a. Johanan ben Zakkai-a’n Yavne-ah chuan zirna sikul a din ta a ni. 

Jamnia chu Kanaan thlang lam, Mediterranean Tuipui kam, tûna Israel ram khawpui Tel Aviv chhim lama awm a ni a. Yavne-a Yohanan ben Zakkai-a zirna in din chu a ṭhang lian zêl a, The Great Sanhedrin hmunpui a lo ni ta hial a. Hosea 6.6-a, “Inthâwina ni loin khawngaihna ka duh záwk” tih kha ṭan chhanin Sanhedrin member-te chu inthâwina aiin ṭawngṭaina ngai pawimawh záwk tùrin a hrilh a; hei hi Jerusalem temple chhiat hnûa ran thisena inthâwi tih bànna tak tak chu a ni. 

Yohanan ben Zakkai-a dam lai, kum AD 90 vêlah khân Jamnia Council chu neih niin an sawi a. Council tih avànga Nicea Council-te anga inkhâwmpui lian tak ni tùra ngaih kher tùr a ni lo; Nicea Council (AD 325)-ah pawh khân mi 318 chauh an tel a nih kha. Jamnia chu Juda sakhaw thil zirna hmun pawimawh a ni a; The Great Sanhedrin ṭhut hmun a ni bawk a. Sanhedrin member 70 zîngah chuan Hillel-a zirtírna pawm leh Shammai-a zirtírna pawm an awm ve ve a; khatih lai tak phei kha chuan Hillel-a zirtírna pawm an tam zâwk ang. Kan sawi tawh angin Thuthlung Thar hunah khán Juda-te Bible ‘Tanakh’ chu bi thliah fel fak a la ni lo.

Thuthlung Thar hunah khân Juda-te zíngah Grik ṭawnga lehkhabu ziah, a ziaktuten mahni hming hmang ngam loa mi hming ṭha leh kal hmasate hminga ziah a tam êm êm a; chûng chu Apocrypha leh Pseudepigrapha lehkhabute hi an ni. An lehkhabute chu miin an pawm theih nân Thuthlung Hluia mi ropuite hmingin an ziak ber. 

Juda-ten Tanakh-a pawm tùr chuan tehna eng eng emaw an nei ngei ang; an tehnate erawh chu hriat theih vek a ni tawh lo. An tehna pawimawh tak chu lehkhabute chu Hebrai ṭawnga ziah, Hebrai ṭawng ngei (copy) hmuh tùr la awm a ni. Siraka kha lehkhabu ṭha tak mai a ni a; a tìrah chuan Hebrai ṭawnga ziah a ni. Kan sawi tawh angin kum 132 BC-ah a ziaktu tupain Grik 

ṭawngin a letling a. Kum AD 90 vêlah chuan Siraka bû kha Hebrai ṭawng (copy) hmuh tùr a awm tawh lo, Grik ṭawnga lehlin chauh kha a awm tawh a; chuvàng chuan lehkhabu ṭha tak a ni nachungin Juda-ten Tanakh-a telh tùrin an pawm thei ta lo a ni.

Jamnia Council-ah khân eng ang takin nge thil an ngaihtuah tih erawh chu sawi chian fak theih a ni lo a; Mishnah leh Talmud lamah chiang taka sawi a ni lo. Lehkhabu ṭhenkhat Estheri leh Hlate Hla hi chu Tanakh-a telh tùr nge telh loh tùr tihah ngaih dàn lian tak pahnih a awm. Estheri leh Hlate Hla hi Tanakh lehkhabu zînga ‘Pathian’ lan lohna ve ve a ni. Kum A D 90 vêlah chuan Estheri bûin a sawi Purim kût hi Juda-te hlimna kût, an ngaih hlut êm êm a ni tawh a. Purim kût lo chhuah dàn ziahna a nih avàngin Jamnia Council-ah chuan Tanakh-a telh tùrin Estheri chu an pawm ta a ni ang.

Hlate Hla hi nula leh tlangvâl inlèmna hla mai a ang hle. Jamnia Council-ah pawh khân Shammai-a pâwl chuan Tanakh-a telh an duh vak lo. Khatih lai khân Hillel-a pâwlah chuan Rabbi Akiva (AD 50–135) a awm a; ani chu mi thiam tak mai a ni a. Juda-te sakhaw dàn leh hrai lama mi thiam a nih mai bákah thu sawi a thiam a, a âw lah chu a ring hle bawk a, ‘khawpui ri ang mai’ an ti hial ṭhin. Rabbi Akiva chu kum AD 135-a Juda-te helnaah khân tih hlum a ni.

Rabbi Akiva chuan Solomona Hla chu ‘Hla zawng zawnga chungnung ber a ni a; Pathian leh a mi Juda-te inkâra hmangaihna thu puan chhuahna hla a ni,” a ti a; chu chuan Jamnia Council-a telte chu a hmin ta a, Tanakh-ah an telh phah ta niin an sawi. ‘Hlate Hla’ tih ṭawngkam tak pawh hi Rabbi Akiva ṭawngkam, Hebrai ṭawnga ‘Shir hasShirim’ tih aṭanga lo kal a ni nghe nghe. 

Hlate Hla chungchângah hian Mizo zíngah pawh ngaih dàn a inchen lo hle. Kum 1959-a Mizo Bible bu kim a lo chhuah khân Kohhran Upa ṭhenkhat chuan Hlate Hla hi an han chhiar a, an duh lo khawp a, “Hetiangte chu Bible-a telh tlák a ni hlei nêm!” tiin sakawr bakchehin an hlep thla hlawk nghe nghe niin an sawi.

Thil awm miah lo chu sawi ngawt thu a awm lo. Jamnia Council pawh hi tûnlaia inkhâwmpui lian tak ang tihna a ni chuang lo a. Jamnia chu Juda-te mi thiamte fuan khâwmna Sanhedrin Lian (The Great Sanhedrin) hmunpui a nih avàngin chuta mi thiamte chuan kum AD 90 vêlah khân Juda-te Bible ‘Tanakh’-a tel tùr hi an lo ti felah ngai ila, kan ti sual lo ang. A hun thûah kum AD 90 chiah tihna a ni lo; AD 90 aṭanga AD 100 vêl kha a ni ang. Hemi hnûah pawh hian Juda mi thiamte zîngah Tanakh-a tel, lehkhabu ṭhenkhat chu pawm harsa ti táwk an awm reng. Kristian zíngah Martin Luther-a pawh khân Estheri leh Jakoba lehkhathawn hi chu pawm tlákah a ruat vak lo. ‘Mipui an thuhmun fo thei lo’ tih hi a dik hle!