KALVARI

Bible lehlin pakhat sawi mawina ṭawngkam chu ‘Kalvari tih pawh a awm bîk’ tih a ni. Chu Bible chu Authorised Version (AV 1611) a ni a; USA leh hmun danga an chhut chhàwn erawh chu lehlintîrtu King James I hming châwiin King James Version (KJV) an ti ṭhin a. Tûnah chuan an ennawnna New King James Version (NKJV, 1990) pawh a awm tawh a;

ṭawng hi ṭhangkhat lianah pawh a danglam nual hman avàngin NKJV-ah chuan hmànlai English ṭawngkam eng emaw zât chu tûnlai English hriat thiam awl zâwkin thlák a ni.

Authorised Version (AV)-ah chuan Lk 23.33-ah khán ‘Kalvari’ (Calvary) tih a chuang a. AV chu kum 300 dâwn lai elpui nei loa mal lèn a ni a; chutih lai chuan sâp ram lam miten Kristian hla an phuah tam hle a. An hla tam takah chuan ‘Calvary’ tih a chuan avàngin an hla lehlinahte Kalvari tih kan lo neih phah a; Mizo thinlungah pawh Kalvari chu a riak reng ta a. Kalvari tlâng leh Bethlehem tlâng chuan Mizo thinlung hi a luah hneh ta hle a; chuvàngin, Kalvari awmna Bible pawh chu tuten emaw an lo sawi mawi a nih pawhin a mawh lo ang!

Authorised Version ang chuan Luka 23.33 hi letling dâwn ila, hetiang hian dah tûr a ni ang, “Kalvari an tih hmun chu an thlenin, chutah chuan krâws-ah an khêng bet a; mi sualte nèn, a ding lamah pakhat, a vei lamah pakhat,” tiin. Kan Bible hman laiah erawh chuan hetiang hian dah a ni thung a, “‘Lu ruh’ an tih hmun chu an thlenin, chutah chuan krâws-ah an khêng bet a; mi sualte nên, a ding lamah pakhat, a vei lamah pakhat,” tiin. Kan Bible hman lai hi chu Revised Version (RV, 1885) beh chhana lehlin a ni a; chutah chuan Grik ṭawnga ziah Thuthlung Thar kut ziak bu hlui zâwk beh chhanin ‘Lu ruh’ (Gr. kranion) tih chu an lo hmang ta zawk a ni.

Khawi aṭangin nge AV letlingtuten Kalvari tih chu an lák luh? Hei hi chhàn harsa lo tak a ni a; Latin Bible (Vulgate) aṭanga lák luh a ni. Kum 382-ah khân Pope Damasus chuan khatih laia mi thiam, Hebrai leh Grik thiam kawp hmingthang tak Jerome-a chu Latin ṭawnga Bible letling ṭha tûrin a ti a; chutih laia Latin Bible (Vetus Latina - Old Latin) chu a lehlin a

ṭha tâwk lo deuh a ni ang. Jerome-a chuan a hna chu a ṭan nghâl a; a hna thawhna hmun pawh Bethlehem-a Isua pianna hmuna biak in Church of Nativity hnuaia pûk pakhat chu a ni a. Kum AD 405-ah chuan Latin Bible thar Vulgate chu a lo piang ta a;kum 1546-a Council of Trent chuan Catholic Bible bîkah a pawm ta nghe nghe a ni.

Lk 23.33-a ‘Kalvari’ tih hi a sual em? Sual hran lo e; amaherawhchu, a tîra Luka ziahna Grik ṭawng chu a ni lo. Luka chuan ‘kranion’ tiin a ziak a, chu chu ‘lu ruh’ tihna a ni a. Kalvari chu Latin ṭawng calvarie/calvarium aṭanga lo kal a ni thung a, ‘lu ruh’ tihna tho a ni. Grik ṭawnga kranion chu Hebrai ṭawng gulgoltha lehlinna a ni a; Grik ṭawnga an ziah dan (transliteration) erawh chu golgotha tih a ni.

Bible lehlinah chuan ‘lu ruh’ tih mai chu a pawm tlák êm êm a; Luka ziahna ṭawng Grik hmang zuiin ‘kranion’ ti ila, kan hre thiam dâwn si lo. Bible lehlin ṭhenkhata ‘Kalvari’ tih a awm pawh hi a sual hran lo a; Latin Vulgate ṭawngkam kha letling loa tidanglam hretin an hmang zui a ni ve mai. Mizo Bible-ah tihdanglam a ṭûl em? Ṭûl suh e! A chhan chu Mizo Bible hi Greek Text leh English Bible (RV) beh chhana lehlin a ni a; tuna Mizo Revised Bible buatsaih laiah pawh hian Greek Text leh English Standard Version (ESV, 2007/2008) hman a ni a; chutah chuan ‘Kalvari’ a lang ve tlat lo! Lehlinna beh chhana awm lo pui lák luh ve ngawt chu a tih chi vak lo ang. English Bible kan hman hi Catholic Douay Version (1950/1956) chu ni sela, Kalvai tih hi hman zui ve mai pawh thil awm thei a ni mahná. Catholic unaute tihchhuah ‘Bible Thianghlim : Catholic Edition’ (2015)-ah pawh hian Douay Version (1956) hmang loin NRSV (1989) an hmang a, Lk 23.33-ah chuan ‘Lu ruh’ tih an hmang ve tho. Kan lehlinna beh chhan Bible azirin a danglam thei mai a ni.

Eng pawh ni se, Kalvari tlâng tih hi kan thinlungah a tla na tawh hrim hrim a; kan Bible-ah a awm lo tih avànga hnualsuat chi a ni lo ang. “Âw tlâng mâwi Kalvari” tih chu “Âw tlâng mâwi Golgotha” ti-a thlák chi a ni lo; a awmzia a thuhmun reng tho. Mizoten kan ngaihsàn tak ‘Shekina’ (Aramaik Shekinah-se-ki-na ti-a lam tûr, se-kai-na ni loin) pawh hi Hebrai Bible-a lang miah lo bawk a ni. Hebrai ṭawnga ‘chêng’ tihna ‘shakan’ aṭanga lo kal, Pathian chènpuina/uapna sawina a ni ang.

He lai thil thleng sawina tho Mt 27.33-ah chuan, “Golgotha an tih hun chu an lo thlenin (chu chu ‘Lu ruh hmun’ tihna a ni)” tih a ni a. Matthaia chuan Hebrai ṭawng Golgotha tih hi hmangin a lehlinna pawh a dah nghâl a. Mk 15.22-ah chuan, “Isua chu Golgotha hmunah an hruai a (chu chu ‘Lu urh hmun’) tihna a ni,” tih a ni a. Jn 19.17-ah chuan, “Ani chuan mahni tâna kraws puin, ‘Lu ruh hmun’ an tih, Hebrai

ṭawnga Golgotha an tih chu, chumi hmun thleng chuan a va chhuak a,” tih a ni thung. Thuthlung Tharah hian Grik thumal ‘kranion’ hi vawi 4 a lang ang, chûng zîngah chuan KJV-in hmun 3-ah ‘lu ruh’ tih a letling ve vek thung a; Lk 23.33-ah hian Grik ṭawng letling loin Latin Vulgate thumal hman a la chhãwng a ni.

Hmânlai Bible lehlin zîngah AV/KJV chauh hi Lk 23.33-ah ‘Kalvari’ lanna awm chhun a ni lo. AV/KJV hma lama lehlinah pawh ‘Kalvari’ tih chu a lo lang hmang nual tawh a; a chhan chu Latin Vulgate kha rin ber pakhatah an hman vàng a ni. AV/KJV chhuah hmaa chhuak, hêng English Bible-ahte hian ‘Calvary’ (Kalvari) tih a lo lang tawh:-Wycliffe 1395, Tyndale 1524, Coverdale 1535, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew’s Bible 1549, the Bishops’ Bible 1568, the Geneva Bible 1557 to 1599, Douay-Rheims 1582, The Beza N.T. 1599.

AV chhuah hnûa chhuak, hêng English Bible-ahte pawh hian Lk 23.33-ah ‘Calvary’ (Kalvari) tih a lang bawk:- the Mace N.T. 1729, the Worsley N.T. 1770, the Haweis N.T. 1795, the Thomson Translation 1808, Webster Bible 1833, the Living Oracles N.T. 1835, The Longman Version 1841, The Commonly Received Version 1851, The Revised N.T. 1862, The Revised English Bible 1877, The Clarke N.T. 1913, the New Life Version 1969, the NKJV 1982, the KJV 21st Century Version 1994, Worldwide English N.T. 1998, The Third Millennium Bible 1998, God’s First Truth 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, The Resurrection Life N.T. 2005, The Complete Apostle’s Bible 2005, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, The Conservative Bible 2010, The English Majority Text New Testament 2013, and The New Matthew Bible 2016.

Eng vàngin nge ‘lu ruh hmun’ an tih? Sawi dàn pahnih a awm. Pakhat záwk chu ‘Adama lu ruh phumna hmun’ a ni an ti. Isua khen behna hmun tak hnuai chiahah khuan ‘Adama thlan’ an tih chu a la awm a; thîr kawngkhàrin kalh hnan tlat a ni. Khualzin tam záwkin hei hi an en khum daih avàngin hriat pawh an hre lo. Isua khen behna lungpui khi chat an tih mai pawh chu Adama thlàn chhuat thlengin a khi thla ruah a ni.

Sawi dàn dang lehah chuan Kalvari mual chu Solomona hun aṭang khân lung lákna hmun a ni a; kum 100 BC vêlah khân lung lák an titàwp a. Lung hmunah chuan lei chhûng lûtin Jerusalem mi hausahoin huan an siam a. Isua khen behna hmunah khân huan awm thu Johanan a sawi kha, Josefa huan a nih kha (Jn 19.41). An lung lák duh loh zîngah chuan lu ruh ang tak tak lungtum a tam a ni àwm e, chumi avàng chuan ‘lu ruh hmun’ an ti niin an sawi. A dik emaw dik lo emaw ‘lu ruh hmun’ (Golgotha/ Kalvari) tih a ni hrim hrim.

A huhoa St. George’s College zirlaiten he hmun kan tlawh laia kan hotupa Revd Dr John L. Peterson-a thusawi khân rilru a la riau; hetiang hian a sawi a, “He hmun hi Adama lu ruh phûmna an tih chu a ni a. Adama hmasa lu ruh kha he laiah hian an phûm a; Adama hnuhnung nák aṭanga thisen lo luang chhuak khân Adama hmasa lu ruh chu a zuk luan huh a. Adama hmasa chuan Adama hnuhnung thisena sil faina chu a lo dawng ve ta a ni,” tiin. Tak tak ni lo mah se, a ngaihnawm hranpa ve rêng rêng a ni.