KALVARI TLÂNG

Mi ṭhenkhatin kan ṭahpui leh hlimpui ‘KALVARI’ hi eng tihna nge maw ni le? Eng ṭawng nge? Khawi laia awm nge? Eng nge maw a ni chiah le? Mi ṭhenkhat tân chuan hêng zawhnate hi zawhna âtthlák a ni ngei ang? Kalvari tih chu Latin ṭawng ‘calvariæ’ aṭanga lo kal a ni a, chu chu ‘lu ruh hmun’ (place of the skull) tihna a ni. Latin ṭawng chu tute ṭawng nge? Rom mite ṭawng a ni. Rom mite chu Grik-hote hneha khawvêl rorêltu an ni a. Sipai chaknaah na ná ná chuan an ropuiin khawvêl an awp chhûng pawh a rei hle. Mahse hneh theih loh an nei; an hneh theih loh chu Grik ṭawng a ni. Thuthlung Thar hunah khân Rom-ho chu khawvêl awptu an ni ngei a; an ṭawng erawh chuan Grik ṭawng a luahlàn zo lo. Grik ṭawngin Rom-ho ṭawng Latin chu a luahlàn reng tlat a; chuvàngin ‘a chak lo zâwkin a chak zâwk a hneh’ (The conquered defeated the conqueror) tih ṭawngkam a pian phah ta nghe nghe a ni.

Latin ṭawngin Thuthlung Thar ziah a ni ve lo a; Grik erawh chu Thuthlung Thar ziahna ṭawng a ni. Thuthlung Tharah hian Latin ṭawng hmuh tùr a vâng hle a, ‘praitorian’ tih erawh hi chu Latin ṭawng a ni ang. A dang zawng erawh chuan Grik ṭawng a ni ber a, Hebrai/ Aramaik thumal tlêm azâwng a awm bawk. Miten an sawi ‘Kalvari’ hi Thuthlung Thar ziaktuten a tîrah an hmang lo. Isua thihna hmun an sawina a ni a, ‘Lu ruh’ (Heb. gulgoleth, Aram. gulgultha) aṭanga lo kal a ni a. Grik hawrawpa an ziah tákah chuan ‘Golgotha’ an ti a; chutiang chuan Chanchin Ṭha ziaktu mi paliten an ziak vek a. Luka ngei pawhin Lk 23.33-ah hian Grik ṭawngin ‘kranion’ tiin a ziak a ni.

Amaherawhchu Grik ṭawnga ziah Thuthlung Thar chu ṭawng dangin an letling ta hlawm a; chûng zînga lâr tak pakhat chu Latin ṭawnga lehlin ‘Vulgate’ an tih hi a ni. Vulgate tih chu ‘ṭawng tuallêng’ (common) tihna a ni a. Kum AD 383-ah khân Pope Damasus I chuan Jerome-a chu chutih laia Latin Thuthlung Thar ‘Vetus Latina’ Chanchin Ṭha bu chu ennawn tùrin thu a pe a. Jerome-a chuan Chanchin Ṭha bu chauh ni loin Bible pum pui chu a letling ta zâwk a. A hnathawhna hmun chu Bethlehem-a Isua pianna hmuna biak in (Church of the Nativity) hnuaia pûk pakhat chu a ni a; tûn thlengin chu pûk chu en theih a la a ni. Jerome-a chu Hebrai ṭawng leh Grik ṭawng thiam tak tih a ni a; Bible lehlin chu ‘Latin Vulgate’ an tih hi a ni a. Khatih lai huna Latin ṭawng tuallêng hmanga a lehlin kha a ni a. Vulgate chu tûn thlenga Roman Catholic Bible hman ber (official) a ni zui ta a. Vulgate aṭanga English-a an lehlin Rheims-Douay Version (1582/1609) chu tûn thlengin an la hmang zêl bawk.

English Bible lehlin hmasaahte khân a tîra ziahna ṭawng Grik chauh an en ngai lo a; a bîk takin Vulgate chu an râwn nasa hle tih a lang. Vulgate-ah chuan Luka 23.33-ah Grik ṭawnga ‘kranion’ tih kha ‘calvarium’ tih a ni a; chu chu ‘lu ruh hmun’ tihna a ni. Vulgate aṭanga English-a lehlin Rheims - Douay Version-ah chuan Luka 23.33-ah ‘Calvary’ tih a ni ta bawk a. England lalber James-a thupêka Bible an lehlin Authorised Version (AV), tûnlaia King James Version (KJV) an tih ták berah pawh hian Luka 23.33-ah Grik Thuthlung Thar zui loin Vulgate zui zâwkin ‘Calvary’ tih a ni. King James Version chhuah hma hian English Bible lehlin eng emaw zât a awm tawh a; chûngah pawh chuan Luka 23.33-ah hian ‘Calvary’ tih hi an hmang hlawm. Rheims Douay Version baka ‘Calvary’ tih hmanna Bible lehlin hmasate chu - (1) Wycliffe Bible (1395), (2) Tyndale Bible (1524), Coverdale Bible (1535), The Great Bible (1540), Matthew’s Bible (1549), The Bishop’s Bible (1568), The Geneva Bible (15571599), The Beza New Testament (1599) te an ni. Authorised Version chuan a hmaa mite tih dàn zuiin Luka 23.33-ah chuan ‘Calvary’ tih chu a rawn hmang ve chauh záwk a ni.

Thil pakhat kan chhinchhiah tùr erawh chu ‘Calvary’ tih hi Chanchin Ṭha Bute ziahna Grik New Testament-a ziah dàn a ni lo; Latin Vulgate-a lehlinna ṭawngkam a ni a, tûnlai ṭawng takin a ‘original’ a ni lo. Amaherawhchu England lal James-a thupêka Bible lehlin Authorised Version khân a hma lama Bible lehlinte kha làr lamah a khûm ta vek a, kum zathum dâwn lai lehlin thar awm loin hman tlânglàwn ber a ni a. Chutih lai hun chuan Kristian hla tam tak an phuah bawk a, Isua thihna lam hlaah ‘Calvary’ tih chu an hmang ta ṭhin si a, a lo làr phah ta êm êm mai a; keini Mizote pawhin ‘Âw tlâng mawi Kalvari’ kan lo tih phah ta a nih hi! Tûnlai English hla (lyrics) 435-ah chuan ‘Calvary’ tih hi an la hmang zui zêl a ni.

Kalvari chu sawi dàn hrang hrang a awm. Hla ṭhenkhatah chuan Kalvari tlâng (Mount Calvary/ Calvary mountain, Calvary’s hill, Calvary peak) tih a ni a. Hla ṭhenkhatah chuan ‘Kalvary nunrâwng’ tih a ni a; hla ṭhenkhatah chuan ‘hmun khawkrawk Kalvari’ (rugged Calvary) tih a ni. Kraws sawi nân ‘Kalvari thing’ (Calvary’s tree) tih hman a ni bawk a; kraws-a an khenbeh sawi nàn ‘Kalvari Beràmno’ (lamb of Calvary) an ti bawk.

Kalvari awmna chu huan a ni. Jerusalem chu khawpui thianghlim a nih avàngin huanah lei ṭha hman phal a ni lo; chuvàngin Jerusalem mi lian tam takin khawpui pâwn, thlang lam Kalvari mualah leh chhak lam Olive tlângdungah huan an nei a. Kalvari muala huan neitute zîngah Isua phûmtu pakhat zâwk Josefa pawh kha a tel a ni ang. Kalvari mual chu Thuthlung Thar hunah chuan Jerusalem tlângdung thlangta zâwk sahmul ṭhen tlák lam deuha awm a ni. Thuthlung Hlui hunah khân rei tak chhûng Jerusalem khawpuia in sakna tùr lung an lákna hmun a ni. Revd Dr John L. Peterson (Dean, St. George’s College, Jerusalem) sawi dàn chuan kum 100 BC vêlah khân lung lâk an titâwp a; lung lâkna hmun hluiah chuan lei an chhûng lût a, Jerusalem mi lianhoin huan ah an nei ta a ni. Tûnlaia Aizawl mi hausa ṭhenkhatin an neih chuang aliama Aizâwl khawpui dai leh hmun ṭhenkhata huan neih an intihhmuh ang deuh pawh a ni ve mah ná!

Eng vângin nge Kalvari mual chu ‘Lu ruh hmun’ an tih? Sawi dàn hrang hrang a awm. Mi ṭhenkhat chuan a tlâng bâwk chu lung an lâk nasat avàngin lu ruh ang tak a ni a; chuvàngin ‘lu ruh’ hmun an ti niin an ring. Hei hi kum zabi 19-na lai vêl aṭanga an sawi dàn a ni (K.W. Clark, “Golgotha” in Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible (Vol.2).1980:439). Mi dangin lung lâkna hmun na ná ná chu lu ruh ang tak tak lung tum a tam avàngin ‘lu ruh’ hmun tih niin an ring bawk. Kohhran pate zînga mi Jerome-a’n mi an tihhlumna hmun a nih avânga lu ruh phùm loh let rem rum angin a sawi a (Jerome, Commentary on Matthew. 27.33); mahse hei hi Juda-te ruang sãwngbàwl ṭhin dàn nèn thil inhmeh lo tak a ni. Kristian hmasate sawi dàn pakhatah chuan Adama lu ruh phùmna hmun a nih avànga ‘lu ruh hmun’ tih niin an sawi (Origen, Commentary on Matthew. 27.33). Tùn thlengin Isua an khenbehna lai tak hnuaiah chuan ‘Adama lu ruh phumna thlàn’ an tih chu a la awm reng a ni.

Eng vàngin nge ‘Kalvari tlâng’ tih a ni. Tlâng a ni rêng em? Bible-ah chuan, “Tlângte chu Jerusalem vêla awm angin, LALPA chu a mite vêlah a awm ṭhin,” tih a ni a. Kalvari mual awmna hi hmânlai Jerusalem awmna tlângdung thlangta zâwk tlák lam a ni kan tih kha. Jerusalem vêla tlângte hi a sâng lo hlawm hle. Temple awmna tlâng chung zâwl hi tûnah chuan ft 1441 a ni a; Olive tlâng chu ft 2641 vêl a ni a; Olve tlâng hmâr lam sâng lai ber Mt Scopus chu ft 2963 a ni a. Kalvari tlâng chu ft 2500 vêla sâng a ni. Istrael ram dinhmun ngaihtuah erawh chuan tlâng tih loh rual a ni lo. Juda-te thinlungah chuan Jerusalem chu khawvêl hmun sâng ber a ni a. Bible-ah pawh Jerusalem aṭanga an chhuah rêng rêngin ‘chhuk’ tih an hmang ziah a, Jerusalem pana an kal rêng rêngin ‘chho’ tih an hmang zêl thung; hei hi tûn thlenga an hman dàn a la ni. Kalvari chu Jerusalem daia awm a nih avàngin tlâng sâng tak ni lo mah se Kristiante rilrûah pawh tlâng sâng ber, Isua khen behna hmun, hmun duhawm a ni tlat!