FCAA, 2023

Tun lai a Mizoram a sawi hlawh tak Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 hi kum 2023 July ni 26 khan Lok Sabha-in a pawm a, Rajya Sabha chuan August ni 2 khan a pawm leh a. President Droupadi Murmu chuan August ni 4 khan pawmpui-in India sorkar official gazette-ah tihchhuah nghal a ni a, dán a lo ni ta a ni. Tún hnu a kan sawi tâk huai huai hma hian Parliament-a putluh a nih lai vêl chanchin hre tawh lo kha a tam zâwk kan ni áwm e.

Kan hriat ṭheuh angin kum 2023 May ni 3-a Manipur a buaina namen lo chhuak khân khami kum Parliament inkhawm pawh kha a nghawng nasa hle a. Kha tih laia Lok Sabha MP Pu C. Lalrosanga leh Rajya Sabha MP Pu K. Vanlalvéna te pahnih kha sorkar laipui a rorellai BJP kaihhruai NDA a tel vé an ni chungin Manipur a Zofate thlavâng hauhin an tál nasa viau mai a. Vawi tam tak Parliament-a thusawi an dîl chungin NDA a tel ni mah sela sawi phalsak an ni lo mai ni lovin NDA MP-te inhmuhkhawmna bilah thlengin Manipur chungchang an sawi chhuah khapsak an ni.

Chumi aváng pawh ni kher chuang lovin kan MP pahnihte khan Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 siamṭhat tura rawtna ‘Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023’ kha an dodâl tih a hun lai khan ka hre ve a. A chhan chu kha dán siamṭhat tura an chhawpchhuah lai boruak kha Manipur-a tharum thawhna kal zela kan MP pahnihte’n Parliament-a Manipur tlângrama Zofate thlavâng hauhna atâna an telna sorkar lai NDA hotute thu an pawm diak diak theih loh lai boruak a nih avángin ka lo chîk a, anmahni ngei pawh vawi duai lo ka biak avánga hre ve reng ka ni.

Kha tih lai a Lok Sabha MP Pu C. Lalrosanga khan he dan siamṭhatna tur bill chungchangah hian rorellai NDA MP-te kha ministry of environment, forests & climate change a official-te’n an hrilhfiahna-ah a tel tih a sawi a. FCAA, 2023 kha a pawm ve loh avángin Lok Sabha a vote lâkna-ah erawh a tel lo tih a sawi a. Rajya Sabha MP Pu K. Vanlalvena chuan, “He sorkar bill hi chawhnu lamah sawiho a ni a. Chawhma lamah eptu party MP te hian thil dang avangin Parliament hi an lo chhuahsan vek tawh a, chawhnu a he amendment bill sawiho lai hian eptu lam MP pakhat mah an awm lo. Rorellai NDA MP hlang kan ni a. A hnial kalh zawnga mahni a lo sawi khân awmzia a neih chuan’ loh avangin bill pass dawnah House ka chhuahsan,” tiin hemi zán vêk hian min hrilh bawk a ni.

Tuna an sawi chawp ni lovin a sârhú lai ngei a kan MP pahnihte nena kan inbiakna ka’n tharthawh leh chhan hi he dán siamṭhatna túr (FCAA, 2023) hi a tír aṭangin Mizoram aiawha Parliament-a ṭhute chuan duh lovin an lo dodâl tawh tih hriatna atân a ni. He mi bawhzuina atan hian kum 2023 vek August ni 22 khan kha tih lai a environment, forests & climate change minister Pu T.J. Lalnuntluanga putluh, FCAA, 2023 dodálna official resolution chu Mizoram assembly member-te chuan, BJP MLA awm chhun Dr. BD Chakma tiam lovin, lungrual takin a lo pawmpui (adopt) bawk a.

He official resolution sawihona-ah hian khatih lai a ZPM legislature party group hruaitu Pu Lalduhoma, home minister Pu Lalchamliana, BJP MLA Dr. BD Chakma, Dr. K. Beichhua, deputy CM Pu Tawnluia, Congress member Pu Nihar Kanti Chakma leh CM Pu Zoramthanga te’n an sawi a. FCAA, 2023 na taka a duh loh thu sawi-in Pu Lalduhoma chuan kum 2023 July ni 24 khan ZPM party chuan an duh loh thu hi thuchhuah an lo siam tawh a, an party chu dodaltu langsár awmchhun a ni, a ti a. India Constitution article 371G hmanga inhumhim chu tih makmawh a ni tih a sawi bawk.

Hun a lo kal leh deuh a. ZPM a lo sorkar hnu, kumin May ni 13-a council of ministers ṭhukhawm chuan FCAA, 2023 hi Mizorama hman ve turin thutlukna a siam ta tlat mai a. Chumi bawhzuina atan chuan kumin August ni 27 khan environment, forests & climate change minister Pu Lalthansanga chuan official resolution pulutin kum 2023 August ni 22-a official resolution an pawm tâk letling chiahin FCAA, 2023 pawmna tur chu assembly chuan a remti leh zui ta tlat mai a. Mak deuh pakhat chu an sorkar lai a a dodálna resolution putluh pawm a ni chungin MNF MLA-te’n an pawm loh thu vote lâk lai-in an tilang lova. A sârhú laia dodál nasa bera insawi ZPM hruaitu a CM-na hnuai-ah pawm a ni leh lawi si bawk.

Forest (Conservation) Act hi kum 1980 a Parliament dan siam kha a ni a. A hun lai-in sawisel a hlawh áwm kan hre hranpa lova. Kum 2023 a siamṭhat a nih a, Parliament-a Forest (Conservation) Amendment, 2023 putluh a nih hma aṭang khan India ram pumah dodálna a awm a, a dodâltu zingah hian mak tak mai-in Indian Forest Service (IFS) officer chawl tawh an tamin IAS leh IPS chawl tawh pawh ṭhahnem tak an awm a ni. An dodál nasat ber chu section 4, sub section 2 hi a ni awm e. Section 5 siamṭhatna pawh hi sawiseltu an tam tho mai.

Dán lam thiam ni ve ta lo chuan a dán hi kan luh chilh ve vak lovang a. Keini mi pangngai (layman) ve mai hriatthiam chin túr erawh chu kan chip ve a thiang túrah i ngai teh ang. Sorkar laipui a sorkarna chelhtute hian India ram pum tâna dan ṭha lo tak hi siam an tum hrim hrim chu a nih bîk a rinawm lohva. An tum ber ni a lang chu hmasâwnna hna thawh dâwna ramngaw a paltlang dawn vang emaw phalna hmuh harsa lutuk tihtáwp a, awlsam zawka hmasawnna hna kalpui a nih theihna túr leh ram vénhimna atân pawh rikrum thila inchhawp a, hna pawimawh thawh zung zung theih kha an ngaih pawimawh avánga he dán hi siamṭhat a nih hmél.

A sawiseltute chuan he dan siamṭhatna (FCAA, 2023) hi Manipur buai avánga Parliament-in ro a rel theih loh lai sawiho pawh awm hauh lova nem liam a nih avangin mipui duhdan kalh (undemocratic passage of parliamentary approval) a ni an ti a. Ramngaw humhalhna kalphung awmsa a tichak lova, ‘ramngaw’ tia puan chin a tidal (dilute definition of forests), an ti bawk. Joint Parliamentary Committee-in an khel pawhin MP 4-in an pawm loh thu ziakin an dah a. Dodálna hrang hrang kârah Parliament-a nawr tlang luih a nih avangin dodálna a tam a. Chu bâkah chuan tlangmi (tribal)-te ram humhalh zâwng ni lova, an ram nêk leh duh duha hmansak tur zawng hawi a nih avangin Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA) a kalh tlat a ni an ti bawk.

India ram state lian leh ramdang nena inrína (international border) nei ve lo state tân chuan a pawina vak a awm lo chauh ni lovin hmasawnna lian tham kalpui a awlsam zâwk ngei ang tih chu a chiang a. Amaherawh chu, Mizoram te ang state te reuhte, a zau zawng pawh kilometre 20,081 bial lek tân chuan dán ṭha tak ti a pawm ve chi a ni hauh lo thung. A ram zím bâkah hian ramdang (foreign country) 2-in a hual tlat leh ramdang néna ramri kilometre 722 zet inṭawm kan ni a. FCAA, 2023 section 4 (2)©-ah hian ramdang nena inrina (international border) aṭanga kilometre 100 huam chhungah chuan sorkar emaw sorkarin thuneihna a pek emaw chuan duh ang angin an hmang thei dawn a nih chuan Mizoram pumpui hi a huam chu a ni mai dawn.

India Constitution article 371G in he dán siamṭhat hmang ve lo thei túra min humhalha kan hria a lo nih pawhin FCAA, 2023 hi kan assembly-in Mizorama hman ve tura a pawm (adopt) si hi chuan kan inhungbîkna leh inhumhalhna sedai chu ṭhiahin a awm tawh a ni, tihna a ni. Kan ram bîk hi han luhchilh ta i la. India rama ramngaw nei ṭha leh nungcha (biodiversity) lama hausa a ngaih kan nih rual hian kan ramngaw hi kan tichereu nasa tawh hle mai a. Ramngaw humhalhna dán khauh zâwk hi kan mamawh chu a ni zâwk.

Fúrah ruahtui kan ngah bâkah kan ram leilung hi a nghet lo (fragile) lutuk a. Lei kan laih nasat deuh chuan kan min hum hum mai tih kan hre vek. Chuvangin kan ram leilung dinhmun hian hmasawnna lian tham lutuk a zo lo. Hmasawnna hi kan duh a, mahse, kan zawh tâwk leh kan ram leilung, boruak, ramngaw leh nungcha tichhe lutuk lo zawnga hmasawnna kalpui (sustainable development) hi a pawimawh a ni. Hei hi kan dinhmun a nih miau aváng leh Inremna thuthlung (1986) hrin India Constitution article 371G sedai ṭhiat lova thiltih dán túr hi sorkarin a ngaihtuah a, thutlûkna a lo siam tawh pawh hi huaisen taka a enlêt a, a ṭhiah leh a ṭha ngawt ang.