MEDIA ZALENNA

Kar kal ta Pathianni (May ni 3) kha ‘World Press Freedom Day’ a ni a. He mi ni hi khawvel pum huapa chanchinbumite zalenna leh anmahni venhim pawimawhzia inzirtir thar lehna nî atâna hman ṭhin a ni a. Mizoramah chuan Pathianni a a tlâk avang ni maw he mi ni pual hian hun hman a awm lova, tún hma pawhin an hmang ṭhin lo a ni mai thei a, an lo hmang a nih pawhin a hmangtu an tam lo a nih a rinawm – mi tam zâwk hriat a hlawh lo em mai.

Chanchinbu zalenna (Press Freedom) bulṭhut chu kam zalenna/duh duh sawi thei tura chanvo leh zalenna hi a ni a. Chu chu sap ṭawng chuan ‘freedom of speech and expression’ tih a ni. Khawvel a mipui thuneihna (democracy) ramah chuan he chanchinbu zalenna hi a pawimawh satliah mai ni lovin democracy lungphúm pawimawh ber zînga ngaih a ni. Chu tih rual chuan khawvela democracy rama inchhâl zîngah pawh he zalenna leh chanvo hi a inthlau nasa êm êm. Khawvêl pum huapa chanchinbumite zalenna tehfung ‘World Press Freedom Index’-ah chuan Scandinavian ram an tih mai - Norway, Sweden, Denmark leh Finland te hi an sâng filawr lak a, kum 10 chhung a zawnin a ber nihna an hauh tawh a. Khawvêla ram zalén bera ngaih US ai pawhin hemi kawngah na na na hi chuan an chungnung a ni.

Zalenna hrim hrimah hi chuan khawvela sulsutu ram chu France a ni a. British awpna hnuai aṭanga American-hovin zalenna suala United States of America ram a lo din theihna atâna a meizang-hlaptu pawh French-ho an ni. Eizawnna kawng indapchawp lama sorkar thununna tel lova zalenna an tih ‘Laissez-faire’ pawh hi French ṭawng a ni a. France rama US palai a a thawh lai (1787) khân Thomas Jefferson (a hnu a President 3-na ni ta) khân Edward Carrington hnena a lehkhathawnah, “"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter" a lo ti hial a ni. Chanchinbu awm lohna sorkar emaw chanchinbu awm, mahse, sorkar awm lo emaw hi ka duhthlanna tur hi se la chuan a hnuhnung zawk hi inngaihtuah buai hauh lovin ka thlang ang, a ti a nih chu.

US khu khawvêla democracy ram ropui leh mimal bâkah chanchinbu zalenna dah pawimawh ram a ni a. An Constitution hi siamṭhat mai mai harsa khawpa khawng a nih lai-in an Constitution siamṭhat hmasak ber (First Amendment) chu mimal zalenna atân liau liauva tih a ni a, he tah hian chanchinbu zalenna hi a bîk taka bilh tel a ni. India Constitution-ah erawh chuan article 19-na hi a awm chungin chanchinbu (media) zalenna ang zâwnga a bîk taka bilh luh a awm ve lo. Khua leh tui zawng zawngin kam zalenna (freedom of speech and expression) an neih ang chiah kha chanchinbu zalenna (press freedom) kan tih tho kha a ni mai.

India ramah hian ram inkaihhruaina leh inrelbawlna atâna innghahchhan danbul kan neih Constitution hi a chhahin thil a hâwl kim viau a ngaih a ni a. Chu ti chung chuan US leh UK Constitution te ang lo takin vawi 100 chuang siamṭhat a ni tawh thung a. India Constitution article 19-na a khua leh tuite zalenna leh chanvo bulṭhut (Fundamental Rights) ziah lan bâk hi American Constitution angin chanchinbu (media) zalenna atâna bilh tel engmah a awm ve lo tih kan sawi tawh khi. Chu ti chung chuan British awpna aṭanga India a zalen hnu khân India ram media hi khawvêla zalén zîngah sawi lan a ni ṭhin.

British-in India a awp lai khan he ram zau tak leh mihring tam lutuk mai chénna hneh taka awp túr hian dán khauh pui pui, India mi (miháng an tih mai)-te awp beh mai duhtâwk lova rahbeh bâkah an ka hupna túr an siam nasa a. India mi ṭhenkhatin khawvêl éng hmu a lehkha an lo thiam ve ṭan chhoh khân an zalenna leh chanvo humhalh duhna a lo piang chho zêl dawn tih hria-in dán chhe zet zet, India ram mite zalenna leh chanvo rahbehna hawi zawng bakah British laka an hel thulha na taka hremna túr dante an siam a. Chu mai chu duhtâwk lovin India ram awptu mingo sorkar chuan an awp mipuite’n an duh duh an sawi theihna túr kam zalenna (freedom of speech/expression) rapbet zawng bâkah pawh anmahni awptu mingo leh sorkarte dodál khapna dán khauh pui pui an siam a nih kha.

Kum 1947-a British awpna aṭanga India ram a lo zalen hnu, democracy sorkar awpna hnuai a awm a, India mipui-in anmahni rorelsak leh rawngbawksaktu turte an thlan ve theih hun a lo thlen hnu pawh khân awpbehna hnuaia an lo awm rei tawhna nghawng (colonial hangover) hun kha a rei khawp mai a, tun thleng hi la zuk daih a maw le! Sap ṭawnga ‘British Raj legacy’ an tih tâk mai, mingoho-in India ram mite lal lalna hnuaia an rahbehna kal zêl kha India kalphung hian tún thleng hian a la chhunzawm zél chu a nih hi.

Chu mi tilang chiang em emtu chu mipui-in an aiawha rorêl túr leh an rawngbâwl túra kan thlante pawh hi VVIP (very very important person) emaw VIP (very important person) emaw ti te-in kan la sawi mêk a. Mipui chhiahhlawh ti a sawi (public/government servant)-te, a bîkin officer hlawh tam deuhte pawh sâpho hun lai a ‘sâp/saheb’ kan tih ang mai khan kan zahin kan la inthlawnsiak zui mêk chu a nih hi. Officer hlawh tam lutuk lo pawh a penhlelh (hlawh pawn lam) aṭanga sum lakluh túr ngah ni a ngaihte chu kohhran rawngbâwltute meuh pawhin officer mawm lem lo ai chuan makpa atân an ît zâwk tlat zêl an tih chu maw le.

Kumpinu (British) sorkarin sal rahbeh taka India mite kum tam tak a rahbeh khân súlhnu ṭha lo a nei thui khawp mai a. Sawi tawh angin tún thleng hian khatianga inawpbehna leh inrahbehna kha a nih dán túr awm rênga ngai hi he ram zau takah hian an la tam êm êm a. India mipui mimir hian an zalenna leh chanvo hi British awpbehna nghawngkawl an khen thlâk aṭanga kum 80 a tlin dâwnah pawh an la nei famkim thei ta lo a ni.

India ramin leido a neih avanga kum 1962 (China nena indo) leh kum 1971 (Pakistan nena indo) bâkah khan June ni 25, 1975 leh March ni 21, 1977 inkâr chhûnga ama mimal dinhmun dertháwn vánga khatih laia Prime Minister Indira Gandhi-i‘n emergency puan hnana India ram khua-leh-tui zawng zawng zalenna leh chanvo a rahbeh a a phingchíl theih kha he India ram hi a ni. Amah dodaltute zawng zawng a man fai a, court thuneihna sang ber pawhin Prime Minister laka kutzungchal an lek ngam loh hun lai kaltlang tawh chu India ram leh mipuite hi an ni.

He ramah hian mimal/mipui zalenna leh chanvo humhalh tuma beitute hian nasa taka rei tak an beih a ngai ziah a. Dán chunga leng ang mai a khawsa ram hruaitute leh thuneihna chelhtute chhui theitu túr Lok Pal leh Lokayukta din a nih theihnatura beitute thawhrimzia leh an beih reizia hi namên lo tak a ni. Chu mai a la ni lo. Ram mipui-in kan ram hruaitute leh sorkar thuneitute’n ram an hruai dán hriat theihna chanvo kan neih theihna atâna Right to Information Act siam a nih theihna atâna Parliament nawr hun chhûng reizia te hi kan ngaihtuah ngai lo – a bîkin ṭhangtharte hian.

Hei hi mingo bawih a India a tán rei luat tawh váng leh India mite’n pathian tenau (demigod) tluk hiala vun-ngo tawh phawt an lo ngaihsán rei luatin a hrin – an thiltih apiang pawm vek túra intukluhna thinlung aṭanga lo piang leh ṭhang lian zêl a ni chiang mai. Chu tho chu Mizo ṭhangthar ṭhenkhat hian an chhawm chho ta pek a. RTI Act, 2005 hmanga sorkarin thurúk anga vawn a tuma puangzâr lova puanhnuai a tumte pawh sawi mawia ṭantu an lo pung ta hluai a nih áwm hi a! Mahni chanvo leh zalenna humhalh chu sawi loh political party ṭan zâwngte êk pawh nei lo leh thil pawh tisual thei lo ang mai a ngaihna, mipui-in kan sorkar thiltih dán a hriat theihna chanvo (right to know) vawnghim zâwng ni lova kal ang chi hi a la pawi thui khawp ang.

A tawpna atân hei hi sawi ngei ngei a ngai-in ka hria. Kum 2 ṭhelh India ram hruaitu lawk hmeichhe pakhatin mipui zalénna leh chanvo rapbet a emergency hminga min awp ang kha kan hlat lo tih hi sawi a ngai. Tuna sorkar laipui a kan sorkâr chêtdán en hian a hma lama kan sawi ‘media zalenna’ (press freedom) hi a rapbet thui ta hle mai a. Chu chu Emergency hun lai ang tho emaw a aia hlauhawm zawk a ni thei. Sorkar dodal zawnga thupuangtute kha chih tura rahbeh an nih dánte hi i zir ang u. Rahbeh a kan awm chuan kan duhthlanna a ni ang. Chu chu Mizoram sorkarah pawh a dik reng dawn a ni.