INDIAN LITERATURE CHANCHIN

India ram hi ram upa tak mai a ni a. Thu leh hla an buaipuina pawh hi a rei tawh a. Indian literature hi khawvela literature hausa leh upa ber pawl a ni bawk. Hmasang aṭanga Indian Literature chanchin hi a tlangpuiin i han sawi zawr zawr teh ang.

Thu leh hla lama bulṭanna: Indian Literature hi hmuh theiha a ziaka inṭanna chu kum 4000 vel kataa Indus Valley Civilization khan a ni a. He Civilization hun laia an thil ziakte hi hriat thiam a la ni mang lo nain, an hun lai khan nun ze changkang tak a lo awm tawhin, Thu leh Hla lamah pawh an lo inhmang tawh a, nakin lama Thu leh Hla par chhuanna tur bul an lo ṭan tawh tih erawh a hmuh theih. BC 1500 vel khan Aryan ho chu India ramah an lo lut ta a, India ramin fin thukna (Intellectual) lamah hma a sawn chhoh phah ta a. Anni hian Vedic hymn an rawn keng lut a, Indian literature lungphum an rawn phum ta a ni.

Kum BC 1028 vela phuah nia ngaih Rig Veda hi Indian Civilization-a literature mumal hmasa ber nia ngaih a ni a. Heng hla hlun te hi ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn a ni a, ṭawngṭaina, hla hril, philosophy leh vantlang nunphung thlirna te a huam vek a, sakhaw lehkhabu a ni mai lo a, Thu leh hla pawimawh tak a tling a ni. Veda lehkhabu dang chu Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, leh Atharva Veda te a ni. Upanishad bu te leh a hnu lama epic poem (hla ropui)- Mahabarata leh Ramayana te chu India mite suangtuahna hruaitu thu leh hla pawimawh tak a ni zui ta a ni.

Finthu ril leh finna: Nun nawrkaltu Thu leh Hla

Indian literature hi mual mal aṭanga rawn ṭhang chho tawp a ni lo a;a hunlaia an thlarau lam nun, an fin thu ril ngaihtuahna leh dik leh dik lo an zawnna nen khan a kal ṭhiang dun rial rial a ni. Veda bute hi sakhaw lam thil a ni nain, Cosmology, Ontology, leh mihringin thu tak a zawnna te a chai avangin Indian philosophy bul ṭanna pawimawh tak a ni a. Heng thlarau thila mamawh zawnna te hi Upanishad buah chhunzawm a niin, mihring-mahni hi eng nge a nih chiah a, thil tak tak chu eng nge tih te leh kan dam chhan leh nih phung ber chu eng nge tih te chai chhunzawm a ni bawk.

Sanskrit hla unte leh thawnthute chu epic-ah te ziah chhuah a lo nih takah chuan mipui nawlpui ban phakin Indian philosophy leh thu ngaihnawm leh thil mawite chu a lo awm ta a. Khawvela hla sei ber an tih mai ṭhin Mahabarata leh Ramayana te chu thawnthu a ni satliah lo a, rilru ṭhatna dan, thil ngaihhlut zawng leh tih tur leh mawhphurhna chi hrang hrang khung khawmna a ni. Peotry leh drama kalphung bakah philosophy lama inhnial ṭha a siam a, kum za tam tak hnuah pawh mi tam tak ngaihtuahna kaihruaitu a la ni ta zel a ni.

Hla ropuite:

Mahabarata leh Ramayana bu ten India mite nunphung keh an Thu leh Hlaa nghawng an neih thukzia hi sawi uar tawk a awm lo ang.

Heng epic te rual hian, sutra chi hrang hrang —philosophy, law, vantlang tih danphung leh thil mawi buaipuina a awm an ziak bawk. Manusmriti, dan leh vantlang tih danphung lam ziahna te chuan kum za tam tak chhunga Hindu society awm dan a thunun a ni. Thuziak "Smritis" an tih mai te chuan ni tina nun dan tur an kawhhmuh a, India mite khawvel thlirna pawh a siam thui hle a ni.

Buddhist leh Jain ho thawhhlawkzia:

Buddhist leh Jain sakhua a lo chhuak a, Thu leh Hla chi thar lo pian chhuah phahin heng sakhua te hi an thawhhlawk hle. Buddhist literature hi Pali leh Sanskrit-in an ziak a. Tawrhna, lainatna leh thinlung harhtharna te lam an hrut a. Jataka thawnthute hi Buddhist literature huang chhunga mi a ni. Jain literature-ah pawh thawnthu tam tak kan hmu a, nunphung ṭha inzirtirna leh fin thu ril ngaihtuahna te kan hmu. Heng literature pahnihte hian nun dan ṭha, tharum thawh lohna leh mahni inbih letna chungchang an sawi uar a, India mite nunphung leh an Thu leh Hla te chu thuk takin a nghawng a ni.

Sanskrit-in par a chhuang: Classical Indian Literature

"Pathiante ṭawng" an tih mai Sanskrit ṭawng chu Thu leh Hla puan chhuahna leh mi fingte thu puan chhuahna bik ṭawng a lo ni chho a, hmanlai hunah khan a langsar em em mai. Heng hun laia langsar deuh mai chu poet Kalidasa kha a ni a, "Shakuntala" leh "Meghadasa" te chu a kut chhuak langsar a ni.

Mual hranah thu leh hla chi hrang a ṭo: Sanskrit piah lam literature:

Hmanlai Indiaah khan Sanskrit literature piah lamah hian tlang tin, mual tinah mahni ṭawng ṭheuhin India mite chuan Thu leh Hla an phuah chhuak ur ur bawk a. Tamil hoin Sangam an nei a. Telugu, Kannada, leh Malayalam ṭawng pawhin Thu leh Hla ropui tak tak a chhuak.

Bengali, Assamese, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Oriya, Sindhi, leh tualṭo ṭawng dang aṭang pawhin Thu leh Hla ropui tak tak hmuh tur a awm..

Persia leh Mughal hnuaiah hun thar:

Muslim lalte hnuaiah India ram a han kun takah chuan an rorelna ṭawng atan Persian an rawn hmang a, mi dinhmun sangte pawhin Persian ṭawng an hmang ta vek a. Mughal lal te leh an rorelna chuan persian poet te, historian te leh chanchin ziaktute chu an chawi sang bawk a. Tualchhung nun leh Persion nunphung inpawlh chuan Thu leh Hla chi thar-hla, thu leh chanchin ziakna a rawn hring chhuak a, hei hi tih dan awmsa siam rem a, kawng thar sialna aṭanga lo chhuak a ni.

Heng zinga langsar deuh mai chu - Urdu ṭawng lo piang chhuak hi a ni. Persian, Arabic, Turkish leh India ram tualṭo ṭawngte infin khawm a ni. Urdu poetry hi a mawi em em mai a -Ghazal leh Marsiya te chuan hriat an hlawh leh zual a. Hla chang ni lo, Urdu thuziak nung tak mai chu urdu literature hriat hlawhna pakhat a ni.

Bhakti leh Sufi Poetry hun:

Hun laihawlah khan sakhaw lam kaihhnawih Thu leh Hla a rawn arh hluai a. Bhakti Poetry, sakhaw hla thluka sak a lo lar a, he poetry-in a sawi ber chu sakhaw tih dan phung aia mi malin Pathiana hmangaihna leh Pathian tana a inpekna a ni. Mi ropui Kabir, Tulsidas, Mirabia te leb Surdas te chuan mipui nawlpui nunah thlarau mina an tuh a, chutih rual chuan, thu leh hla changkang ber ber an puang chhuak bawk a ni.

Bhakti Poetry/Movement ṭhiang rial hian Sufi Movement a kal ve bawk a, he movement hian Persian, Urdu, Punjabi leh ṭawng dang hmangin mihring thlarau nun leh rilru ngaihtuahna chaina Thu leh Hla tam tak a rawn hring chhuak a ni. Sufi poet ropui Amir Khusrau leh Bulleh Shah te chuan Pathian hmangaihna thupuia hmangin rinna leh mipui nawlpui nunphung inkara daidangtu awm chu an ṭhiat a, vawiin thlenga Thu leh Hla lo pianna tur hmunawl an siam ta bawk a ni.

Awptute hnuaiah- English leh Indian ṭawnga Thu leh hla puan chhuah:

British awpna hnuaia India a han luh hun thu leh hla lamah inthlak danglamna nasa tak a lo thleng ta phut a. Lehkha inzirtirna atan sap ṭawng an han hmang a, rorelna hmuna an ṭawng hman a lo nih tak avangin Thu leh Hla puan chhuahna ṭawng chak tak a lo ni ta a ni. Khawthlang ho Thu leh Hla puan chhuah dan hrang rang - Novel, Essay leh Criticism te India miten an han hmelhriat chhoh takah chuan India mite thu ziah dan pawh a lo inthlak danglam ta a.Thupui hrang hrang -Identity, nationalism, siam ṭhatna leh zalenna sualna chungchang te chu an rawn chai chho ta a ni.

Heng hun lai hian Bengali ṭawng hmangtute hian Thu leh Hla lamah chuan an thawk hlawk ber a. A hunlaia Thu leh Hla chi ṭiahna tura lei ṭha ber a ni. Bengali Thu leh hla dinhmun chu thuhran ni se, tlang leh mualtinah Thu leh Hla lama thawhhlawk tak an awm vek. Heng hunlaia Thu leh Hla lama an milian ber chu Bengali ṭawng leh English-a thuziak ṭhin Ranindranath Tagore-a kha a ni awm e. Kum 1913 khan Literature huangah hian Nobel Prize hlan a ni nghe nghe. India rama Thu leh Hla lama harh tharna lantirtu lian tak a nih piah lamah, a hnam pum thupuangtu a ni tel bawk.

Tunlai Hun: Harh tharna leh a piah lam

Kum zabi sawmhnihna tir lamah khan India ram ṭawng chi hrang hrang hmangtute chuan Thu leh Hla lamah kutchhuak an rawn nei pung ta hluai mai a. Ziaktu te chuan chi leh chi inkar te, vantlang dinhmun te, gender chungchang te, leh tunlaina awmzia chungchangte chu an rawn chai a. India ramin independent lam a han hawi chhoh takah chuan literature chu vantlang nun thlak danglamna leh hnam pum chawh harhna atana hman a ni a. Mahatma Gandhi-an a thuziakte hmanga a philosophy a puan darh te chu mipui nun kaihruaitu thuk tak a tling a; Chutiang bawkin Jawaharlal Nehru leh BR Ambedkar-te thuziak pawh.

Kum 1947-a India a han zalen khan, Indian literature chuan hun thar a lo chuang kai ta a. Kil hrang hrang neiin, ṭawng hrang hrang hmangin Indian literature chu a lo ṭang zel a; Khawvel thara hnam tharin ama kea a din chhohna leh ama aw a chhuah chhoh vena kawnga a hlimna, a lungngaihna, a hma thlir leh a helhkam te chu Indian literature hun tharah chuan a rawn inpho lang ta tiarh mai a ni. Thu leh hla lama mi lian tak tak R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao, Kamala Das, leh tun hnai deuha mi Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, Arundhati Roy leh Jhumpa Lahiri, te chuan lawmman lian te dawngin, khawvel huapa ngaihhlut an rawn hlawh chho ta a ni.

Literary Festival leh Nobel Prize dawngtute:

Vawiina India literature hi thuziak mi, hla phuah thiam, critic-te leh zir bing mi mi thiam tak tak lo pung ṭak ṭakte hian an ti nung ṭha em em mai a. Indian Literature hian India ram a pel chho a, khawvel a dap chho a, India ṭawnga thu leh hla ziahte chu ṭawng dangin an letling chho ta mawlh mawlh bawk a. India lehkha ziakmite pawhin khawvel huap lawmman leh chawimawina hlu tak tak an lo dawng chho ṭan ta. Tagore-a hnu lamah pawh V.S. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy leh mi dang eng emaw zahin Thu leh Hla lama chawimawina lawmman langsar tak tak an lo dawng chho ta a ni.

Thu leh Hla kutpui pawimawh tak tak India rama hian huathawt a ni a, Jaipur Literature Festival te phei chuan ziakmi tam tak hip khawpin, lehkha chhiar taima leh thu leh hla lama tui hrim hrim pawh khawvel hmun hrang hrang aṭangin a hruai khawm a ni.

Indian Literature hi a kal khat lo a, a huang a zau a, hei vang hian fim taka ngaihtuahna aṭanga thu leh hla lo chhuak te, ngaihtuahna hmang kil khawr thiam te kut chhuak te, ngaihtuahna thar senga danglam taka thu leh hla pho chhuakte tan hmun a zau em em mai a, hman lai leh tun lai a la kawp a, tualchhung thu leh hla khawvel thu leh hla a chawhpawlh mawi em em a ni.