PLATO-A PA TLO

Philosophy kaih­hnawihah chuan, Plato-a sulhnute tluka nghawng nei lian leh thuk hi a awm lo tiin an sawi ṭhin. Plato-a hming tak hi Aristocles a ni a. A dar pharh hlai ṭha tak avangin Plato tia hriat hlen a ni. 428/ 427 BC vela piang a ngaih a ni a. Athens, Greece-ah a piang a, a thih hun hi 348/ 347 BC nia hriat a ni.

Plato-a hi Socrates-a zirlai ṭhin a ni a, Socrates-a damchhung kha chuan Socrates-a bulah a awm a. Socrates-a chanchin leh a ngaihtuahna te, a zirtirna te kha Plato-a kaltlanga kan hriat a tam hle. Socrates-a thih hnu chuan, Greece leh Italy leh Egypt ramah te a zin kual nasa hle. Chu chuan a ngaihtuahna leh a thil chhut dan tam tak a kai hruai a ni. Awmze neia zin zauna hi Mizo te hian kan mamawh khawp mai. Kan bial a zim lutuk a, kan ṭhian kawm bial a zim fo a, hma kan sawn hlei thei ṭhin lo. Pa tap tawm rualin ro kan han rel phei hi chu, hmasawnna tur thil ṭha rel chhuah a har foin a rinawm. Mahni khua leh venga awm kumtluan chuan ngaihtuahna a zau mawh viau a ni.

Academy a din a, chu chu tunlaia University kan tih hma hruai hi a ni. A hunlaia mi lehkhathiam leh mifing ber berte chuan an bawh hle. He academy-ah hian Aristotle-a pawh kum 20 a inchiah a ni.

A pu Socrates-a thih hnu chuan, roreltute chu a haw tak zet a. Demo­cracy chu rorelna ṭha niin a hre ta lo a. ‘Mi fing leh ṭha ber berin ro an rel tur a ni’, a ti ta bur mai a. Chutiang mi zawn chhuah leh chherna kawng chu a tuipui ber a ni ta. Athens pawh chu a tan him loin an hria a, a ṭhiante chuan Athens chu chhuahsan turin an ti a. A han tlansan ang ren rawn a. Pythagoras-a pawlte zingah te a tel a. Chumi hnu lamah chuan, kum 40 mi a nihin Greece-ah a kir leh a, tah chuan a hun zawng zawng hmangin, 348/347 BC velah khan a thi ta a ni.

A chanchin hi sawi tur a tam hle nain, chu lam chu lo duhtawk rih ila. A thlirna, a philosophy lamte, tawite-in lo sawi dawn ila. Plato-a hian kutchhuak a neih ṭhahnem avangin sawi tur a tam a. A thlirna/philosophy zinga ṭhenkhatte chauh kan sawi dawn a ni.

Plato-a hian kutchhuak angah tih kan sawi tawh a. A kutchhuak zinga langsar leh ropui deuh deuh Pathumte chu The Republic (380/370), The Statesman (360) leh The Laws (350) te a ni. A kut chhuak pathumte leh an thuken ṭhenkhat han sawi zuai zuai ila.

1. The Republic: Hei hi a kuthnu ropui ber a ni. Tunlaia pa valai kan tih ang rual vel a niha a ziah hi a ni a. A la ti ve theng thawngin, a la duh khirhkhiap hle. ‘A taka awm thei tur a ni angem?’, tih lam chu a la ngaihtuah vak lo. A hunlaia an ram leh hnam natna thawi damna tur damdawi tha nia a hriat kha a chawh ve mawp mawp mai a ni. He a thlir dan hi The Statesman leh The Laws a han ziah te kha chuan a inthlak daih tawh. Mihring hi kan kum a han tam a, tawnhriat kan ngah hian, kan khawvel thlir dan hi a lo inthlak danglam thei viau mai.

2. The Statesman: The Republic a ziah hnu kum 10 a a ziah a ni a. Kum 67 mi a ni tawh. Thuneihna pumhlum nei sawrkar(Totalitarian Government) a duhna kha a kalsan a. A taka thleng thei awm chin kha a thlir thiam tawh a ni.

Ram hi chi hnihin, dan anga kal leh dan lo anga tal vel mai mai angin, a then a. Tunlaia Political Science huang chhunga Failed State an tih leh Enduring State an tihte ang hi a ni deuh awm e. Hei hi, Aristotle khan a la fuh khawp a. Sawrkar kalhmang chi hnih, a chhia leh tha hi a hman dan a zirin a awm zel a ni tiin a ziak ve ta chiam mai a ni. Democracy chhe chi leh tha chi, Aristocracy/oligarchy etc angin a sawi diat diat a nih kha.

Plato-a hian, Rorelna awm theih dan chi thum, (chikhata a ṭha leh chhia awm thei) a sawi a:-

a) Monarchy/Dictatorship

b) Aristocracy/Oligarchy

c) Democracy chhe chi/

Democracy tha chi titein. Democracy chu a chhe chi pawh nise, a) leh b) te ai hi chuan a tha tho tho a ni a ti. Democracy duh lo em emtu Plato-a khan, hun a han inher a, a kum a han upat deuh hnuah chuan thlirna a dang ta hle. A hma kha chuan, democracy-ah chuan, ‘Thuneituin, mi dangte ka puih theihna tur engtin nge ni ang tih aiin, engtinnge pawisa ka neih belh ang, tih vel kha a tuipui ber a ni a,’ titein a sawi a, a duh lo viau thin kha a ni a.

3) The Laws:- Hei hi kum 350 BC vela a ziah a ni a. Kum 77 mi a ni tawh a. A ngaihtuahna a nem ta hle. A taka tih theih leh theih loh tur pawh fel leh fim takin a thliar tawh a ni.

The Laws buah hian zirna chung­chang a sawi tam a. Zirna hi, naute a nu pumchhunga a awm lai atanga tan tur a ni, tih ngaihdan hi a nei a. Mi zawng zawng tan a ni a, naupangte hi ‘state’ ta an ni a, an sikul kai chu nu leh paten an hnial thiang lo a ni, a ti.

A kutchhuak hmasa pahnihah kha chuan, finna leh hriatna a dah pawimawh a. The Laws-ah hi chuan, dan a dah pawimawh ta thung a ni.

A kutchhuak langsarte kan sawi thuak thuak a, a ngaihtuahna hlawm lian a phuh chhuah pahnih, Ideal State leh Philosopher King bik kha, han sawi leh lawk ila:

IDEAL STATE: The Republic-ah khan Ideal State hi a ziak a. Chutah chuan mi chi thum, hnathawktu pawl, venghimtu pawl leh roreltu pawlte’n an thawh tur dik taka an thawh a, anmahni mual theuha inkhawih buai lo a, inrem taka an awm hian, ideal state chu a lo awm mai dawn a ni tiin a sawi.

Hnathawktu pawlte’n mi an hip khawm a, venghimtu pawlin mi an suihkhawm a, roreltu, mi tana inpe mi, finna zir avanga mi fing hoin inpe zo takin ro an rel ta a. Chutianga mahni inngaihtuah lo a, mi tana rilru fim tak hmanga rorelna chu a tha lo thei lo a. Rorelna duhthusama tha (ideal) chu a lo piang dawn a ni, Plato-a chuan a ti bawk.

Rorelna tha a awmna tur chuan roreltu turte chuan a sang thei ang berin lehkha an zir ang. Zirna pangai bakah, Music, Gymnastics te thlengin an zir anga. Kum 2 chhung raldo an zir leh ang. A thiam zualte zir leh zelna tur pawh Platoa hian a la sawi cheu.

Heng mifing ho chungah hian mi chungchuang bik, mi tluk loh, a lu berah a awm ang. Hei hi Philosopher King a tih kha a ni. He a ideal state hi Totalitarian state kan tih ang hi a ni. Chu chu sawi tawh angin, a hun hnu­hung lama a duh leh tak loh kha a ni.

PHILOSOPHER KING: Ram rorelna fawng chelhte training chungchang tawitein kan sawi tawh a. Philospher King nih phung tawite han sawi leh ila.

1. Ram enkawltu ni turin rilru fim leh fing tak a nei tur a ni.

2. Hmathlir tha a nei tur a ni. A thil tawn thar leh hriatthar zelte chu chik takin a ngaihtuah thin tur a ni. A pawngpaw zuan nghal rum rum tur a ni lo. Rinthua ngaihdan siam a tul a nih pawhin, a tak ram awmdan tur a hmuchiang pha tur a ni. Thil a hre zauin a hre chiang tur a ni.

3. Thudik a ngaina tur a ni. Thudik tawk lo, hlemhletna rawngkai, takna nei tluantling lo chi lakah a inthiar fihlim tur a ni. Mi rilru zau tak a ni tur a ni.

4. A huaisen tur a ni a. Justice a awm theihnan a dinna ngaiah a ding tlang ngam tur a ni, tihte hi. Sawi zau belh tawh lo mai ila.

THEORY OF FORMS/IDEAS: Hei hi ka sawi tel lo law law ang ka ti deuhnain, sawi kan atan chuan a uiawm lehin ka hria a, tawite han sawi leh ila.

Theory of forms/ideas-ah chuan, kan chenna khawvel tak hi chu khawvel dik tak a ni lo a, a tak(Form) hlimthla mai a ni a, a danglam reng a, khawvel tak tak hi chu, hemi kan chenna piaha awm hi a ni a, a danglam ve ngai lo. Thil a nih dan ang taka ni hi (Form) chu a ni. Chu Form, Plato-a sawi chu a danglam ve ngai lo a, a kumhlun bawk. Mi hmeltha leh pian mawi tak kan hmuhte hi a tak khawvela thil mawi (Beauty) hlimthla a ni. Form chu Philosopher te chauhin an hmuin an hrethiam thei a ni.

Puk tehkhin thu hmangin, Theory of Forms hi Plato-a chuan a sawifiah a. He tehkhin thu bik hi han sawi tel law law ila.

Mihring chu a pian tirh atangin lei hnuai 'Pûk' chhungah, thir khaidiata hlìn sain, an cheng a. Pûk bang lam hawia thuttir an ni. Pûk chhung chu a thim avangin, mei an chhi bawk. Chûng mite chu thlun beh an nih avangin khawi hmunah mah an kal sawn thei lo. Pûk chhûngah mei alh an chhit avang chuan chûng mi tângte thil hmuh theih awm chhun chu mei alhin hlim (Shadow) a siam, banga lo lang chu a ni a. Chu lai pûk chhûnga mi dang kal kual chuan khawnvar te chhi êngin an kal kual thin a, chû khawnvar êngin hlimthla a siam lang ruai ruai thinte chu an thil hmuh ho a ni mai. Chu an thil hmuh chu thil tak tak emaw an ti. Chutiang chuan, an thil hmuh chin chu an khawvel chu a ni. Khawvel dang an tân a awm lo.

Ni khat chu an zinga pakhat chu an hlìnna khaidiat atanga tal chhuakin,pûk chhung atang chuan pawn lamah a vak chhuak a. Khaw êng an hmu ngai lo khan Ni êng, thing leh hnim hringte a'n hmù chu mak a ti êm êm mai. Pûk pawn lama a thingkung hmuh hlim (Shadow) te chu a'n bèl chiang a, a tak tak a ni lo tih a hrethiam ta a. An chènna thin pûk chhûng, khawvel tak tak emaw an lo tih thin kha a lo ni lo a, khawvel tak a han hmu ta a ni.

Pûk chhûnga an hlimthla hmuh kha pûk chhûnga mi tân kha chuan a tak tak (Objective quality) a ni a. Mihring finna la var pawh lotu thil hmuh chu thil tak tak ni lo, thil tak tak hlimthla (Shadow) chauh a nih chu. Pûk chhûng chu tuna kan khawvel (material world) a ni a. Pûk pawn lam chu khawvel tak tak- "The world of forms" chu a ni. Pûk pawn lama tlan chhuak, khawvel tak tak hmuta kha Philosopher chu a ni.

PLATO-A NGAIHTUAHNA DANGTE: Justice te, Revolution te, Pathian chungchang te, Education te Commu­nism in wives and property te leh metaphysics thlenga Plato-a thlirna hi kan sawi tawh lo mai ang a. The Statesman leh The Laws bu-ah pawh The Republic lehkhabua a thupui lo chai tawh a hrut nawn leh bakah, thupui thar a chai a. Kan hmun a zim avangin, sawi mai sen a ni lo.

A hmaa kan sawi tawh angin, a kum a lo upat a, a tawnhriat a lo pun a, a lo inzir leh chhiar zau belh zelnaah chuan a ngaihtuahna leh khawthlirte a inthlak a. A kut chhuak hnuhnung lamah chuan hmuh theihin a ngaihtuahna inthlak danglam chhoh dang chu a lang thei.

THUKHARNA:

Plato a thuziakte hi a nihna ang takin kum 2000 chuang daih an lo vawnh him ta a. Khawthlang finna lama ngaihtuahna thuk hmangtute tana hmahruaitua ngaih a ni. A ngaihtuahna te an zir a, a ngaih­tuah­nate atangin thlir dan thar an nei zel a. Vawiin khawvel hi kan lo thleng ta a ni. Plato-a hi pa tlo tak a ni.

Philosophy tam tak hi chu mipui nawlpui tana hriathiam mai har deuhte a ni thin a. Plato-a pawh ram inrelbawlna lama a ngaihdan (Political Philosphy) lam ka han hrut deuh bik a. An hnu lama mi Aristotle te pawh hi kan la sawi anga. Anni hnu lamah phei chuan, nasa takin philosophy hi a thang a. Philosophy hriatna kawngah hian, mizo fate pawh hi kan than ve deuh deuh hi a tul hle a ni.