CHAKMA HOMELAND : CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS

Chakmate inpui ber (Homeland) chu Bangladesh-a Chittagong Hill Tracts khu a ni a, chu chu district pathumah ṭhen niin chumi zinga Rangamati (Gongkabor) district chu Chakma circle a ni. Hengte hi Semi-Autonomous District Council vek an ni a, India sorkar-in North East India enkawl tur bik DONER Ministry a siam ang deuh hian, Bangladesh sorkar chuan Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs (MOCHTA) siamin, he ministry-ah hian Chakma lal, Devasish Roy chu full member a ni nghe nghe. Anmahni hmun ngeiah Bru (Tuikuk) te an chhuk ang hian Chakmate  pawh an inpui ngeia an kir leh dan kawng zawn hi a ṭul a ni.

Chittagong Hill Tracts hi Bangladesh chhim chhaka awm tlang ram, Sq Km 13,295 a zau a ni a. Tribal hnam 13 chengin, chung zingah chuan Chakma an tam ber. Helai bialah hian Zofate luah chin ram zau tak a tel bawk. Tunhma zawngin Chakmate hian Mizoram hi an ‘homeland’ ah an chhal kan hre ngai lo. Bangladesh sorkar laka an harsatna tawh ṭhin khawvel huapa an puanzarnaah pawh Chittagong Hill Tracts khu an ram dik tak anga an chhal reng chu a ni. Mizoram a nih avanga engatinge refugee an nih loh a, tun thleng hian mumal taka Chakma Registration hi kan la neih loh le? An District Council area mi register phei chu anmahniin an ti thei ang a, a awl khawp ang. Tripura aṭanga hawng tur tana “20 Point Economic and Rehabilitation Package” ang chi nei tur te hian Central sorkar, Bangladesh sorkar-ah leh anmahni Chakma hnenah hian palai hna thawh nise. Kan Chakma unaute pawh an Homeland a ni a, Bangladesh-ah anmahni lo dodal tlat an awm tawh lo viauin a rinawm. Rehabilitation ṭha tak nen chuan an kir duh ngeiin a rinawm bawk. Intlawhpawhin, inngeih dial dialin, insumdawn tawnin ‘peaceful’ takin kan awm thei ang. Heta awm an tum chhung chu kan inseh kan inseh ang a, Bangladesh-a an chanvo tur (Kaptai Dam Compensation etc. tiamin) an chán bawk ang.

He ngaihdan sakhat tak leh rawtna mumal tak hi tunhnaia tlangzarh tak Prof J.V. Hluna lehkhabu ziak, ‘Chakma Homeland: Chittagong Hill Tracts” tihah chuan tarlan a ni a. He lehkhabu hi mithiamin document hrang hrang lakhawm a, Mizorama hnam dang zinga tam ber Chakmate an lo luh dan leh an inbenbel dan te, ram dang mi an nih dante leh a behbawm politics thil zau taka ziahna a ni. He lehkahbu ziaktu Prof J.V.Hluna hi historian a ni a, politician a ni bawk. Politics lama a inhman chhung pawha academic thil hlamchhiah ngai lo, a ngaihtuahna ril ber senga ram leh hnam vei mi a ni. He lehkhabu pawh hi ani aia ziak àwm dang leh hre thuk bik tur chuang an tam lo mai thei. Politician-in academic taka a ziak a ni a, a ngaihnawm a, sawi hreh a nei lova, a chiangin a fiah a, rawtna a siam leh a hmathlir pawh a pawmawm hle. He lehkhabu tlangzarh inkhawmah pawh, “Chakmate hi kan hua a ni lova, an awm lohna tura an awm hi i do tlang ang u kan ti mai zawk a ni,” tiin a sawi nghe nghe.

He lehkhabua-a tarlan a nih dan chuan, Mizorama Chakmate hi ram leilung fa dik tak (Indigeneous people) an ni lo tih history-ah kan hmu a, an ram dik tak (Homeland)-a an chhal ṭhin pawh Chittagong Hill Tracts hi a ni. Mahse, Pakistan sorkarin tlangmite chimralna (detribalisation policy) a kalpui avangin an tuar nasa em em a. Kum 1960-a an chenna Chittagong Hill Tracts-a paper mill leh hydro electric project (Kaptai dam) a din avangin chenna in nei lo leh eizawnna nei tawh lo (tuiin a chim pil sak) mi tam tak an raltlan ta a. 1970 chhoah khan Bangladesh sorkarin Chittagong bial tlangrama cheng tribal-te chimral zawng leh an ram chhuhsak zawngin hma a la nasa zual a, phaizawla cheng Bengali nuai li zet chu tlangmite chenna-ah hian an pem luhtir a ni.

India Independent thleng khan Mizorama Chakma awmte chu a lu nungin mi 5000 vel an ni a, hemi hnu hian ramri hrúlah a rùkin an rawn lut ta zel a. India ram state dang Arunachal leh Tripura-a lut te chu ‘Chakma refugee’ tih an nih laiin Mizorama mite chu refugee ang pawha awm lovin, Mizoram khawthlang lam sahthlaka Chakma ram siam tumin an che ta tlat. Bangladesh aṭangin an lo pem pung ta zel niin he lehkhabuah hian tarlan a ni. 

District Council hunlai khan Pawi leh Lakher Regional Council chauh a awm ṭhin a. He lehkhabua ziak a nih dan chuan, kum 1972-a UT dinhmuna Mizoram hlankai rualin Regional Council pahnih te chu ADC-ah hlankai nghal a nih tur thu Prime Minister-in a tiam a, hemi dung zui hian khatih hunlaia Bengali pathum - Home Secretary, Commissioner leh Dy. Commissioner te khan April ni 2 aṭanga April ni 29, 1972 chhung Regional Council pathum lem an siam a, chu chu Prime Minister bumna atana siam chawp a ni a, thla khat pawh a tlin hmain Sixth Schedule hnuaiah ADC pathum a pian phah ta niin a sawi. He lehkhabu ziaktuin khatih laia Dy. Commissioner a kawmnaah khatianga an tih chhan kha, “A bul berah chuan MNF Underground Movement tihṭhuanawp nana ruahman a ni ber mai,” tiin a sawi niin a tarlang. 

Hetianga Chakma ADC a lo pian tel ve tak hnuah hian, 1978/79-a PC sorkar-ah khan Chief Minister Brig. T. Sailo chuan Chakma ADC tihtawp dan ngaihtuahin ‘Influx of Chakma of Bangladesh into Mizoram’ tih lehkha a siam a, Delhi lamah pawh thlenin central sorkar pawhin a bengkhawn hman viau. Hetih lai hian Mizoram congress party chuan Chakmate hamṭhatna tur ngaihtuah turin CM hnenah lehkha an lo thawn thung a. MNF pawhin Chakma chungchangah hian PC sorkar hnenah lehkha thawnin, MNF leh India sorkar inremna tur kawngah Chakma ADC ṭhiah chungchang pawh a tel thu sawiin, an hmalakna chu chawlhsan rih turin lehkha an thawn bawk a. “Silai nen meuha dodalna a awm tak avangin a duh angin a kalpui thei ta lo a ni,” a ti. Heti chung hian kum 1982 June thla thleng khan Chakma foreigner 4527 hnawhchhuah hman an nih thu a tarlang. 

Hetih mek lai hian kum 1986-a India leh MNF-in inremna thuthlung (Mizoram Accord) an siamah chuan Pawi leh Lakher ang thova Chakmate duhsakna awm turin inremna siam a ni ta a. He remna thuthlung No 9-ah chuan “India Danpuia Mizoram hnam tlem zawk a tihte chanvo humhalh leh an changkanna tur a bik taka ngaihtuah” tih a lo tel tak si avangin he lehkhabu ziaktu hian, “Chakmate duhsak number one-a dahna” tih loh theih loh a ni ta a ni,’ a ti hial. Kum 1986-a Interim sorkar-ah pawh khan PC aiawh MLA ten Chakma District Council ṭhiah chungchang resolition an putluh chu chuanlam ho te te siamin an hnawl niin a sawi bawk.

Chakmate hian vawi duai lo Mizote leh Mizoram sorkar hi an hek ṭhin a. Mizoram sorkar pawh an insawifiah a ngaih phah fo. Heng an hekna hrang hrang leh sorkar insawifiahna kimchang hi he lehkhabuah hian chhiar tur a awm a. Rajya Sabha Committee on petition-a UT an dilna (1995) ah pawh khan Mizoram insawi fiahna leh home ministry insawifiahna fiah zetin he lehkhabuah hian a awm. He lehkhabu-ah hian Kum 1990 September ni 17-a Chakma Jatiya Parishad hminga Prime Minister hnena Chakma tana UT an dil thu a tarlang a. Mizoram sorkar khan dodal ahnekin an dilna hi hma an lakpui a. Chumi hnu 1995 a Chakma hruaitu 61 in UT an dilna te a tarlang bawk.

He lehkhabu hian Chakma chungchang MZP hmalakna chipchiar takin a tarlang bawk a. MZP lo ding chhuak leh tir te khan Chakma foreigner hi an vei nghal hle a. Election Commission of India-in 1994-a Electoral Roll Intensive Revision a neihah khan kum 1960 January ni 26 hma lama India rama awm tawh te leh an thlah kal zel chauh chu India mi ni thei leh electoral roll-a thun theih an nih thu a chhuah a. Hemi dung zui hian MZP chuan kum 1995 khan Mizoram a Chakma foreigner hnawtchhuak turin tihtakzetin hma a la ṭan a, eptu party lam pawhin nasa takin hma an la a. MZP chuan dan loa a ruka lo lut Chakmate chu June 15,1995 hmaa Mizoram chhuahsan turin thupek (Quit Mizoram Order) an chhuah hial a ni. Hetih laia sorkarna chelhtu Congress chuan foreigners dapchhuaka hnawtchhuak turin Task Force a din a, a hnuah chu task force chu MZP te hmalakna benghniam tumna mai a ni tih hriat chhuah a nih dan leh police leh CRPF ten MZP te an sawisak a, thubuai an siamsak tak dante he lehkhabu-ah hian chipchiar takin a ziak a ni.

Chakma foreigner chungchangah hian Indira-Mujibbur Pact (1972) leh Assam Accord 1985 hi sawi lan a ni fo ṭhin a. Indira-Mujibbur Pact hi India leh Bangladesh Prime Minister-te (Bangladesh aṭanga India rama raltlante chungchanga) inremna thuthlung a ni a. March 25,1971 hmalama Bangladesh/E.Pakistan aṭanga lut refugee-te thawnkir loh tur tih a ni a. Assam Accord hi chu AASU leh India sorkar inremna thuthlung a ni a, March ni 24,1971 hnu lama Assam-a lut ram dang mite zawn chhuah a, an ram a thawnkir tur tih a ni thung.

Foreigner thliarna atana March 24,1971 chhan nia lang chu India leh Pakistan sorkar a lo din hnu khan East Pakistan (tuna Bangladesh) aṭangin mi tam tak Assam-ah hian an pem lut a. Pakistan sorkar khan Bengali-ho hi a tihduhdah a, politics thilah an en hrang hle a, sipai leh sorkar hnaah pawh an duhsak lohzia an tilang ṭhin. March 1971 aṭangin Pakistan lakah inlak hran tumin an bei ta a, India a inrawlh vat a. Pakistan sipaite an che rawva hle. Chutih hun lai chuan Bengali tam tak chu Assam-ah an lut hum hum mai a. A hnua Bangladesh sorkar a lo pian takah khan eng emaw zat chu an let leh a, tam tak an cham bang zui bawk a. Zirlai pawlte'n an ngaimawh a, nasa taka an beih hnuah Assam Accord hi a lo chhuak ta a ni.

Mithiamte leh politician-ho zingah pawh foreigner thliar hranna hun atan hian Assam Accord leh Indira-Mujib Pact zulzuia March ni 25, 1971 hi hman ve mai rawtna awm fo a. Prof J.V Hluna pawh hian he rawtna a thlawp deuh niin a lang. Mahse, Mizoramah hian Chakma emaw hnam dang pawh Bangladesh aṭanga rawn raltlan (refugee) an awm lo a. Assam ang loin keini chu refugee ni loin dan lo a lo lut rute hi kan buaina ber an ni zawk. Assam leh West Bengal ten Bengali refugee an buaipui laiin keini chan Chakma illegal immigrant-te kan buaipui. Chubakah 1931 hnu lam aṭanga an pun chak dan en hian March ni 25, 1971 hi cut off date a pawm ve mai chi a ni ang em tih hi ngaihtuah ngun a ngai a ni?

Engpawhnise, he lehkhabu ziaktuin document a fawmkhawm ṭhatzia a lang a. UT kan nih hnuah PC, Congress leh MNF party-ten sorkarna an siam tawh a. Heng party pathumte'n Chakma foreigner chungchanga hma an lakna leh hma an lak lohnate pawh he lehkhabuah hian sum kar nei lovin a ziak a. A ziaktu hi heng party pathumah hian a lo tel tawh avangin a thuziak hi kawng tam takah a pawmawm viauin a rinawm. Chutih laiin, a ziaktu hian party ṭheuh ṭheuhah hian han dahsan fal bik a nei tih erawh phat rual a ni lo. He lehkhabu hi Mizote tana lehkhabu tangkai tak tur a ni a. Hnam thila chet chhuah a ngaih changa kan ṭan chhan tur thu pawimawh tak tak a tel a ni.

‘Chakma Homeland : Chittagong Hill Tracts’ Prof JV Hluna ziak review na a ni a, he lehkhabu hi September 23, 2020-ah PUC Seminar Hall-ah tlangzarh a ni.