DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR)

Chhiatna chi hrang hrang avang hian ram tin hi kan buai vek mai a. Chhiatna min thlen theitu - lirnghing te, leimin te, tuilian te, thlipui te, khawkhengte leh kangmeite hi ram tina harsatna kan tawh langsarzualte a ni. Heng ang chhiatna avanga kan tawrh ṭhinte hi tihnep leh tihtlem tuma hmalak a ni a. United Nation ruahmannain, kum 1989 aṭang khan kum tin, October ni 13 hi khawvel pumah, chhiatna chi hrang hrang kan tuar nepna atana infuih tharna ni, International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction atan hman a ni ṭhin. Kumin atana thupui thlan chu chu 'Hmalam hun himna atana intluk tlan lohna nuaibo (Fighting inequality for a resilient future)' tih a ni.

Leilung chhiatnate hi ram rethei apiangin kan tuar nasa zel a. Chhungkaw harsatna leh retheihna avanga chhiatna kan tuar phah pawh a tam. Chhiatna kaihhnawih hrang hrang avanga thihna thleng 91% zet hi ram ṭhang lai mek leh ram hnufuala thleng anga chhût a ni a. Sik leh sa inthlak danglam nasa lutuk avanga chhiatna thleng ṭhin - khaw lum lutuk te, khaw vawt lutuk te, ruahsur nasa lutuk leh khawkheng thlenna chhan 75% zet chu ram changkang zawkte hmasawnna ken tel nia chhut a ni a. Heng chhiatna avanga harsatna tawk nasa apiangte hi boruak bawlhhlawh pawh pe chhuak ve mang lo ram an ni zawk zel bawk. Retheihna avanga chhiatna thleng tam ṭhin hi a lungchhiatthlak viau.

Kan ram dinhmun han thlir ta ila. Thlipui leh rial avang hian kum tin mai hian in leh lo chhia kan awm ziah a. Kum 2014 aṭanga kumin thleng hian, thlipui hian khaw 808 zet min nuai tawh a, in 610 phei chu a chhe vek a; rial tla nasa avangin in 75 chhe vek a awm tawh bawk. Khawthlang lam leh chhim lam hian thlipui leh rial tla avanga harsatna hi kan tuar nasa zual a. Heng chhiatna tam tak tuarte dinhmun han chhui chian chuan, retheihna avanga in leh lo ṭha nei thei lo, thawm ṭha hlei thei lo kan lo ni zel.

Kum 2021 June ni 22 Tuipuiral lirnghing aṭang khan, lirnghing avang hian kan ramah ngei pawh harsatna kan tawk ta fo mai. Mizoram chhung ngeia lirnghing insiam pawh a tam zual a, khami lai bawr vela nghing nawn (aftershocks) chhiar tel lohvin, ṭum 14 chuang zet kan ram chhung ngei lirnghing insiam a awm leh tawh a ni. Lirnghing hi khaw 113 zetin kan tuar ve ta, thi leh hliam tuar erawh kan awm lo a. In 394 zet chu a khawih chhe tawh a, heng zinga in 34 zet chu a chhe vek tia chhinchhiah a ni.

Lirnghing chungchangah hian sawi belh tur a awm nual ang. State dang leh ram dangah chuan, building insurance an ti tlangpui a. Gujarat lirnghingah khan, hun rei lote chhungin in thar an sa leh mai thei a, a chhan chu, building insurance an lo tih avang a ni. Keini ramah chuan, loan lak avanga loh theih loha building insurance kan ti a nih loh chuan, a hranpaa building insurance ti leh chu kan tlem khawp mai. Hei hi hi kan retheih avang leh a nachang kan hriat loh avang a ni ngei ang. Building insurance atan hian sum sen tam a ngai lo; lirnghing te, leimin te, thlipui te leh kangmei te hi a huam tlangpui. Lirnghing lian tham pawh tuar thei ram kan nih miau avangin, building insurance la ti lo ten kan hnaih ber bank-ah zawt fiah ila, kan in leh lo azirin chawi tur a inang dawn lo a, lir pawh nghing se kan lo inven nan insurance i ti ang u. A ṭha berah chuan, in hmun zawn laiin fimkhur ila, in kan sak dawnin hmun awih lutuk lo leh kawr kam hnaih lovah in leh lo din ila; Engineer te rawnin, an thu zawmin in kan din dawn nia. Hei hi lirnghing avanga chhiatna laka kan invenna tur, kan inhmakhua theihna ṭha a ni.

Chhiatna thlen changa tuar nasa ber berte hi hmeichhia, naupang, rualbanlo leh kum upa lam hi an ni ṭhin. Mihring nunphung pangngaiah pawh chak lo zawkte leh enkawl ngai zawk an ni. Mizorama puipunna kan neih tam ber chu Pathian Biak Inkhawm hi a ni a. Veivah thu hlaah rualbanlote pawh an chet zung zung theih nan, mipui punkhawmna hmun angah chuan wheelchair kal theihna hi siam zel tura ngaih a ni. Chutiangin, lirthei dahna hmunah pawh abika ruahmanna siam a ni fo. Kan chet vel dan en hian, hetianga rualbanlote tan hmun bik dah hi kan hrethiam lo lek lek fo a, kan ngaipawimawh tawk lo ni te pawhin a lang ṭhin. Vawnhim ngai leh fimkhurzual ngaite an nih ṭhin avangin, hetiang ang an lo awm a nih chuan, a bik taka ngaihvente hi a ṭul. Rikrum thilah pawh an chenna leh an khawsaknate ngaihpawimawh bik a ngai.

Mizo zingah chuan hmeichhe dinhmun hi a ṭha ta viau a, mipa tam tak tluk loh an ni. Mahse, rikrum thil bikah chuan, hmeichhia an nihna hi a lang leh ṭhin. Chhiatna inang tuar rau rauah rilru lama harsatna pawh an tawk tam nge nge a, anmahni hrethiam tak chungin, chhawmdawl a, puih an ṭul. Insaseng ṭulna hmun leh hunah pawh, anmahni zai ngai chungin ngaihtuah hmasak zel a him.

Naupangte hi ngaih pawimawh an hlawh lo fo. Sorkar sikul tam tak han thlirin, chhiatna hrang hrang laka him lo tak tak hi a lo tam mai a. Sum siamna atan leh ei hmuhna atan chauh hian zirna sikulte hi kan hmang ta mai em ni aw, a tih theih. Ni tina kan tu leh fate awmna hmun sikul dinhmunte hi hriatpui ila. Zirlai nu leh pa, pi leh pu, khawtlang hruaitute pawhin kan thikthute hi tun aiin i tichhe leh zual ang u. Ruahsur nikhuaa far nasa lutuk te, bang tlabal lutuk te, lungrem hlauhawm takte hi hmuh tur a awm leh ṭhin. Rikrum thil a lo thlen pawha an himna tur ngaihpawimawh a ṭha. Tun hnaiah thlipui laka naupang him theih nana chawlh han puan te, ruahsur nasat hun laia zirna in han chawlhte hi a va lawmawm em! Mi thiamte hmuh lawk ang taka thlipui a lo tleh ta lo a nih pawhin, a lo tleh palh taka invenna atan chawlh han puan kha invenna a ni. Hetiang deuh hian, Pathianniah ruah a sur nasat viau te, chhiatna thleng mai thei tur a lo awmte a nih chuan, Sunday School chawlhte pawh awm ve ṭhin ta se. Insaseng hlei thei lo leh buaipui ngai turte hi chu invenna atana hmalakna kawng dap zung zung hi himna a ni a. Rilru no zawkte an nih avangin an ṭhanlenna atana thil pawi leh an rilru tihrehawm a, tiralmuang lo thei ang chi laka venhim an ngai.

Kum upa lam hi rikrum thila harsatna tawk nasa an ni fo. Hurricane Katrina leh Hurricane Sandy ah te khan hliam tuar zawng zawng zahve aia tam chu kum 65 chunglam an ni. Kum upa awmna in leh a velte hi an tana chet vel awlsam tur - vawn ban han siam te, kalkawng nal loh nana han siam ṭhat angte hi kan hmalak theihna a ni ang. Biak Ina inkhawm tam leh taima ber berte hi kum upa lam an ni deuh zel a. Kan Biak In hmunhmate leh inthiarnate pawh hi an dinhmun hre reng chunga ruahmanna siam a ṭul. Chhiatna chi hrang hrang laka an him theih nana an himna turte, an inthiarfihlim zung zung theihna turte leh an chauh changa an chawlh hahdamna ang turte pawh ngaihtuah a ngai.

Leilung chhiatna chi hrang hrangte hi tuar thei kan ni tih hi inpawm a ngai. Chhungkua leh khawtlang anga kan inbuatsaih lawk pawh a ṭul. Sorkar chuan veng/khaw tin hi Local Level Disaster Management Committee nei turin a ti a. Hmun tam zawkah chuan, he committee hnuaia mawhphurhna hrang hrang angte pawh hi a hming maia inruatin thuneitute hnenah kan thehlut a. An mi ruata te leh a ruattu ngei, khawtlang hruaitute pawhin kan hre lo fo. Chhiatna kan tawrhte hi engpawh - leimin, kangmei, tuilian, etc. a ni thei, a nghawng tuartu leh chhiatna hmunhma thleng hmasa ber chu kha chhiatna thlenna hmun khawtlang mite kha kan ni zel a. Thleng hmasaten tihtur dik tak an hriat a, hre hmasa ber leh thawk hmasa ber mawhphurhna an hriat phawt chuan, chhanchhuah hna thawhte, nunna chhan thlengin hmalak a awlsam ṭhin. Kan veng/ khaw dinhmun kan hriat chian a ngai hmasa a, leimin thlen mai theihna leh thlen tawhna hmun kan lo chhinchhiah a, khami hmuna in leh lo din tum an awm pawha kan lo hriattir ringawt pawhin, leimin laka chhiatna thleng thei lakah kan veng tihna a ni. Leimin tawhna hmun reng reng hi, himdamin lang mah se, a che leh tlangpui a. A hlauhawm theih dan hi hria a, kan lo kam tam deuh a, kan hrilh vat kha chhiatna thleng thei tih tlemna kawng khat a ni.

Khawtlangah mitthi avanga chhiatna a lo thlen ṭhin avangin, thlanmual enkawl nan leh inlenpuina kaihhnawiha hman turin 'chhiatni fund' kan khawn tlangpui a. Hetiang deuh hian, leilung chhiatna hrang hrangte hi kan tawh theih avangin kan inṭanpui theih nan leh, chet kan lakna kawnga hmathar kan lak theih nan 'Disaster fund' angte hi khawn ve ta ila. A bikin, fur hun laiin kan hmang ṭangkai viau ang. Hmun tam tak hi chu sorkar leh hmunpui lam aṭang pawha inṭanpui rem lote kan nih theih avangin, hetiang zawng hma kan lo lak a, kan sawi tak, Disaster Management Committee te nei a, mumal taka training te neia kan inbuatsaih phawt chuan, eng ang chhiatna pawh lo thleng se kan khawtlang himna tan a ṭha dawn. Pi leh pute hunlaiin ral laka an him nan, kalkhàn remchang laiah ral chànna hmun an siam a, an lo duty ṭhin. Rinawm leh taima taka an duty chuan ral lakah khua a him ṭhin angin, kan tawh fo ṭhin leh kan tawh ve theih leilung chhiatna hrang hrang laka kan mit kan lo lèn deuh a, hmalakna kan lo neih phawt chuan, kan inveng vek thei ta lo a nih pawhin kan tuar nep thei ngei ang.

United Nation for Disaster Risk Reduction chuan, kum 2030-ah chuan ni tin leilung chhiatna hi 1 aia tam thleng ziah tur angin an chhût a. Hei hi kum khat chhunga chhiatna 560 thleng tur ang a ni a. Hausa leh rethei inkar hla, retheihna nasa zel tura ngaih a nih avangin, leilung chhiatna hrang hrang avanga harsatna hian kian lam a pan dawnin a lang lo. Mahse, Covid-19 hripui leng harsa em em kara kan khawtlang nun en chuan, kan inṭanpui tawn a, kan inlawm tawn z>l a, harsatna lian tham thleng lovin tun hun kan thleng thei a nih hi. Khawtlang tinte kan dinhmun azir zelin, leilung chhiatna thleng thei laka inruahman lawkna kan lo neih theih phawt chuan, chhiatna kan tuar nep ang a, a ṭul ang zela hmalak pawh a awlsam ngei ang.

Japan ram hi kan hriat fo angin lirnghing na ber ber pawh tuar fo an ni. Lirnghing laka himna chu in sak dan ṭha, hmanraw ṭha hman tih an hre chiang tawh. Lirnghing na tak pawhin sàwi ṭhin mah se, harsatna lian tham an tuar ngai lo. Lirnghing tuar thei ram an ni tih an inhria a, a inven dan kawngah dik takin hma an la, himna tura awm dan an hre bawk. Chuvangin, Japan ram chu leilung chhiatna tawk thei leh tuar ṭhin ram mah ni se, nun dan phung pangngaiin an awm a; chiai lovin an hmachhawn a, a nghawng pawh an tuar nep viau ṭhin.

NRSC leh ISRO buatsaih Landslide Atlas for India 2023 ang chuan, Mizoram hi kum 1998-2022 chhunga leimin tuar nasa ber State kan ni. Ruahtui avanga harsatna kan tawh fo avangin, tuiluankawr ṭha kan siam ang; in sakna leh kawng kam laih avanga leimin kan tawrh ṭhin avangin, mi thiamte rawnin lei kan lai tawh ang. Vawk in thli te, ek in khur te, leh in sakna hmun kan uluk bawk ang. Khawtlang leh kohhranin kan himna atan hma kan la bawk ang a. Hetianga chet kan la a nih ngat chuan, leimin tuar nasa ber State ni ṭhin kha, leimin avanga harsatna tuar nasa lo State kan ni thei ang.

India ram chhunga dan awm chhun, Aizawl khawpui tana leimin laka him theihna tur dan, AMC Site Development & Slope Modification Regulations, 2017 kan nei. AMC huamchhunga in sa tur reng reng chuan, in an sak tur ruangam an nei hmasa tur a ni a, chu chu Geologist leh Engineer te ruahmanpuina leh anni kaihhruaina hnuaia in sak phalna dil tur tih a ni. Hei hian, a ṭul anga in sakna tur hmuna lei leh lung endik te, leilung dinhmun enfiah hmasakte leh, lei laih laia vil leh enpuite pawh a huam tel. He dan hman a nih hnuaah hian, Aizawl khawpui chhung bikah chuan, lei laih avanga leimin a tlem phah a ni. Dan hman hma ai chuan in sak senso a san phah a, hun a duh rei hret bawk. Mahse, kan himna atan a ṭha a ni, Dan zawmtu nih zel kan tum ang.

Himna atana insenso kan hreh loh hunah; kan chhungkua, kan khawtlang leh kan ram hi leilung chhiatna thleng thei lakah kan him ang, kan tuar nep ngei ang.

- Dr. Laldinpuia, Centre for Disaster Management, MZU