VOTE I THLAK ṬHEUH ANG U

State kan nih, kum 1987 aṭangin Mizoram hian inthlanpui ṭum riat kan hmachhawn tawh a. Heng inthlanpui ah te hian vote a tlak ṭhat ber ṭum chu kum 2013 Mizoram State Legislative Assembly election kha niin, a percent-a lakin za ah 83.41% a tla a. A tlak chhiat ber ṭum chu State inthlanpui hmasa ber kum 1987 kha niin 74.80% vote a tla a ni. Kan hma lawkah Mizoram State Legislative Assembly election ṭum kua na Mizoram mipui ten kan hmachhawn dawn a ni a. Inthlana vote tlak ṭhat leh ṭhat loh a mawhphurhna lian ber chelhtu chu vote thlak theitu mipuite kan ni awm e. Mipui te vote thlak tura kan infuih rualin, vote thlak pawimawh zia te, engvanga mipui ten vote thlak thei nge kan ni tih te, tute nge state inthlanpuiah va in-candidate thei tih te, engin nge India ram State te inthlanpui buaipui ṭhin tih te, vote hralh chungchang leh kan vote hlutzia te kan sawi chho dawn a ni.

1. Eng vanga Vote Thlak Thei Nge Kan Nih?

He zawhna hi tawi taka channa awm thei chu India ram hi Democracy ram a nih vang a ni. Democracy awmzia chu, kha ram sorkar kha mipui thlan hruaituten an enkawl tihna a ni. Myanmar ram ah chuan sorkar hi sipai enkawlna hnuaia awm a nih avangin, a ram mipuiten an ram hruaitute an thlang thei lo va, sipaiin an duh danin ram an hruai mai a ni. Hetiang ram hi Democracy ram, Democracy sorkar a tih theih loh va, sipai thuneihna sorkar military rule emaw military government tih a ni. Mipui pawh an chep hle.

India ram mipuite hi kan vannei em em a. India ram inenkawl dan tur (constitution) duangtu te khan sorkar leh ram thuneihna hi mipui kutah awm se a ṭha berin an ring a. Chutih rualin hma khawsang Greek city state te tak tete ten Direct Democracy an kalpui ang a, ram mipuite ngaihdan ṭheuh, ram rorelnaah lak vek a theih loh avangin, mipui aiawh tling leh tlakten mipui aiawha ram hruai hna an thawh a lo ngai ta a. Heng avang hian mipuiin kan aiawh thlan nan dikna chanvo kan lo nei ta a ni.

Chutih rualin inthlanna hmanga mipui aiawh thlan chhuahten ram rorelna an kalpui hi democracy a tih ngawt theih lo va. Kha ram inthlan kha dik leh thianghlim taka kalpui a ni em tih leh mipuiten an duhzawng ngei an thlan theih nan duhthlanna zalen leh zau tak pek an ni em tih hi ngaihtuah tel a ngai a ni. China ram hruaitute pawh hian an ram hi democracy ramah chuan an chhál a. Chutih rualin an ram inthlan reng rengah Communist Party of China candidate te bak mipuiin an ram hruaitu ni turin thlan tur dang an nei lo va. A hming chuan party tenau hrang hrang chu awm ve bawk mah se, Communist Party of China thawhpui lo ngam leh a kalh zawnga che ngam an awm chuang lo a ni. Communist Party of China kalh zawng hian eng pawl leh party mahin thunneihna an chuh ngam lo. China mipuite hi Communist party of China in ram an hruai danah lungawi lo pawh ni se, an ram hruaitu thlak turin Communist Party of China mi leh sa ni lo, hruaitu dang thlan tur an nei chuang lo a ni. India ram anga mipuiin an duhthlanna ngei hmanga an candidate duh ber an vote theihna tluka zalenna hlu hi a awm awm lo ve.

2. Tute Nge Election ah TelIn, Seat Chuh Thei?

India ram hian Multi-Party system a kalpui a. Chumi awmzia chu mi tu pawhin an duh phawt chuan political party an din thei tihna a ni. Kan sawi tak China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnem ramah te chuan sorkar pawmpui party pakhat bak din phal a nih loh bakah, an ram thuneihna pawh party pakhat kutah a awm reng a. Mipuiten ram rorelna kalphungah an duh dan puang chhuak turin zalenna an nei tlem hle.

India ramah chuan political party hi sakhaw behchhan, hnam khat behchhan, state pakhat behchhan pawn din theih a ni a. India rama awm mipuite hi kan vanneihna a sang hle. Kan hriat ṭheuh angin India ramah chuan political party ten inthlanah an party candidate tur mipuite thlan atan an thehchhuak ṭhin a. Chutih rualin party behchhan nei lo pawn, mimalin a duh phawt chuan Independent candidate-in inthlanah seat a chuh thei a ni.

Khawvel zau zawk kan thlir chuan political party ten inthlana candidate an siam dan chungchang ah an party tih dan phung a dang thluah a. India leh a ram ṭhenawm Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka leh Asia ram tam zawk a political party te chuan an party candidate atan an party member ni sa lo pawh ni se. Mi ṭha, hausa, mi thiam leh tlin beisei awm deuh te chu an party candidate atan an sawm thei mai a. Chutih laiin New Zealand, Finland, Ireland rama political party tam zawk te chuan an ram inthlan hrang hrang ah, an party candidate tur atan an party member-a thla leh kum enge maw zat lo awm tawh te chauh seat an pe ṭhin a. Tlema a kal na zual Belgium leh Italy rama political party ṭhenkhat phei chuan an ramin inthlanpui vawihnih an hmachhawn chhung tal emaw, kum nga tal an party member lo nisa tan lo chuan inthlanah party seat an pe ngai lo a ni. A lehlam zawngah chuan hei hian sum um vanga mahni awmna party phatsan leh, insawn kual dun dun a veng thei viau awm e.

Political party te ni lo, India danpuiin India ram State Legislative Assembly election candidate ni tura qualification neih ngai a tarlante lo en ila-

a) India khua leh tui a ni tur a ni.

b) Kum 25 aia naupang a ni tur a ni lo.

c) Heng bakah hian Parliament in State Legislature tana qualification a siam te tlin vek mi a ni tur a ni.

3. Inthlanna Dik Leh Thianghlim

India ram state tinah State inthlanpui dik leh thianghlim tak a awm theih nan Election Commission of India (ECI) ruahmannain inthlanna kalpui ṭhin a ni a. India constitution Article 324 in ECI hi Independent body leh hleih nei lo turin thuneihna a pe a. Sorkar laipui emaw, state sorkarten ECI thuneihna chinah an ring an va rawlh ve a thiang lo a ni.

Election Commission of India (ECI) hian state tina State Legislatives Assembly election kaihruaiin, strict tak leh fir takin inthlanna an kalpui ṭhin a. State Legislative Assemblies election bakah, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, President of India leh Vice-President of India inthlanna hi ECI kutah a awm a. ECI-in a tum ber chu inthlanna fel fai, langtlang, dik leh thianghlim taka kalpui bakah inthlan dawn leh hnu thlenga political party leh state legislature-te mumal leh awmze nei taka kaihhruai leh en zui a ni. State Election Commission (SEC) hi chuan Urban Local Body (ULB) leh Rural Local Body (RLB) inthlan an kaihruai thung a ni.

4. Mi Pakhat, Vote Pakhat, Hlutna Pakhat

India ramah chuan kan ram hruaitute kan thlanin, mi tinte hlut dan a inang vek a. Kan rethei emaw hausa emaw, hmeichhia kan ni emaw mipa kan ni emaw, hnam lian emaw hnam tenau tak pawh ni ila. Indian khua leh tui kum 18 tling kan nih tawh chuan vote pakhat ṭheuh kan nei a. Hei hian kan ram inthlan kalpui dan hi a ti hlu zual em em a ni. Kum 18 tling chinte vote thlak thei tura danin a pawmna chhan berah chuan, puitling taka an chhia leh ṭha hriatna thiang tak hmanga vote thlak thei tura ngaih an nih tawh vang a ni ber a. Kan hma lawka Mizoram inthlanpui lo awm turah hian kum 18-19 inkar voter 50,611 an awm a, voter awm zawng zawng zat aṭanga chhutin zaah 5.90% an hauh pha a ni. Voter naupang tak takte paw'n zalen taka vote an thlak theihna hi an ngaihhlut thiam a ngai zual hle mai.

Mipa leh hmeichhe dinhmun inthlauhna ram Saudi Arabia-ah chuan kum 2015 aṭangin hmeichhiate'n an ram inthlanah vote thlak thei turin dikna chanvo an nei ve chauh a. Hetianga hmeichhiate'n hmasawnna an hmuh rual hian, an ram inthlanah hmeichhe candidate-te chuan mipa kaltlang zelin campaign an kalpui a ngai a. Hmun tam takah chuan hmeichhiate'n an duhthlanna hmang hleithei loin, an chenpui mipate duh dan angin vote an la thlak nasa hle bawk a ni.

Democracy innghahna lungphum pakhat chu ram mipuite'n politics-a intluk tlanna an neih hi a ni a. He lungphum hi nghet taka vawng him tur chuan mi pakhat, vote pakhat leh hlutna pakhat tih hi ram mipuite dikna chanvo a nih ngei a ngai a. Hemi bosal ram apiang chuan democracy lungphum an kalsan a tih theih ang.

5. Vote Hralh

India rama kan chin ṭhin ṭha lo deuh chu mipuiin mahni vote ngei hralh duhna rilru kan nei leh kan hralh ṭhin hi a ni. Khawvela inthlang ramhoah chuan India ram hi inthlan laia sum senso hnemna ber ram a ni a. Election Commission of India (ECI)-in State Legislative Assembly inthlana candidate-te pawisa hman theih zat a bituk tharah chuan, keini ang state têa MLA candidate-te chuan cheng nuai 28 aia tam lo an hmang thei a. Hei hi vote lei nan ni loin, candidate-te'n an campaign-na atana hman tura ruahman a ni.

Heng an sum hmannate hi candidate-te hian fel taka an chhinchhiah vek a ngai bawk. Amaherawhchu, he Election Commission of India (ECI) thuchhuah hi tun Mizoram State inthlanpuiah hian, dik taka zawm thlip thlep politician eng zat tak awm ang maw? A lehlamah chuan eng vangin nge MLA candidate-te pawisa senso hi a tam viau ṭhin kan tih chuan mipuiin an lakah beisei kan neih ṭhin vang hi a ni bawk pakhat a. Candidate-te laka beisei nei tlat voter nih nge mahni chhia leh ṭha hriatna hmang ngeia vote thlak ngam voter nih ṭha zawk ang tih chu kan mimal duhthlanna ni se. Voter-te hian kan ram leh Pathian pawi sawi lo tura dik taka mahni vote ngei kan duhnaa thlak ṭheuh hi kan tih ngei ngei tur a ni.

Kum 2018 Mizoram State inthlanpui neih dawn a candidate-te election affidavits Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)-in an zir chianna aṭanga an tarlan dan chuan tun sorkar kal mek a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) 40 zinga mi 36-te hi crorepati, an neih thil hlu leh ro sum belh khawma cheng nuai 100 hu nei pha an ni a. Hetiang taka Mizoram rorelna sanga ṭhu pha tura sum neih a lo ngai ta hian ngaihtuahna a ti thui hle. Sum ngah tan lo chuan inthlanah seat chuh chi a ni tawh lo em aw a tih theih hial a. Chumi piah lamah mi ṭha leh thiamna sang tak nei pawh ni se, Mizo pa tlanglawn tan chuan inthlana seat chuh emaw, thlan tlin inbeisei ngam chi a ni lo tulh tulh te paw'n a lang.

Candidate ṭhenkhatte chu, vote-tu an hmuh tam theih nan leh voter-te tih lawm nan an insengso hnem viau te pawh a ni ang. Heng candidate campaign laia insengso nasa takte hi MLA-a thlan tlin hlauh an nih chuan, campaign laia an sum senso hmuh let dan tur kha an ngaihtuah nasa ṭhin hlein a rinawm a.

Chu chu tute nge a tuartu kan tih chuan keini mipuite bawk kan ni leh thei a. Kan khaw kawng siamna tur pawh hek a ni thei a, kan veng leh khua hmasawnna tur sum thiam taka pawh ṭhensak kan ni thei bawk a. Hei hi vawiin thlenga kan ram politics kalphung chhiatna pakhat a ni em aw a tih theih. Mipuite retheihna tawktarha hmanga MLA nih tumte chu hnawl ngamin, mipui-te'n kan vote hlutna hriain, kan vote hralh mai mai lo ang u.

6. Vote Thlak Hlutna

Ram chhung inthlannaa tel ve (electoral participation) pawimawhna mipuite'n kan hriat chian theihna tur chuan eng vanga inthlannaa tel ve thei nge kan nih tih hriat a pawimawh hle. Mi tinte'n vote kan thlak theihna tur hian kan ram India danpui Article 326 leh Representation of People Act, 1951 section 62 hmanga dikna chanvo pek vek kan ni a. Kan ram danpui (constitution) siamtute khan mipuite'n vote kan duhthlanna ngei a kan thlak theih dan tur hi an ngai pawimawh em em a. Tun dinhmunah phei chuan inthlannaa candidate zingah i duh zawng awm lo mah sela vote i thlak ngei theih nan None of the Above (NOTA) hmeh tur mipuite chhawp chhuahsak kan ni hial tawh a. Kan ram danpuiin dikna chanvo min pek hi namnul mai lovin kan dikna chanvo hlen chhuah a, vote thlak hi mipuite'n kan ngai pawimawh tur a ni.

India ram ṭhenawm Myanmar, Afghanistan te hi an ram chhung politics vawiin thlengin a chiri em em a. Eng vang nge kan tih chuan, mipui thlan sorkar a din mumal theih loh vang a ni. An ram sorkar chu sipaite kutah a awm a, mipuite'n an ram hruaitu vote thlak ngeia thlan chak mah se a theih tlat loh a ni.

Keini India ram khua leh tuite hi chuan kan duhzawng ngei ram hruaitu thlang thei turin vote thlak theihna zalenna zau tak kan nei a. Hei hi hmang thiamin, kan vanneihzia hriain, vote thlak hi ngai hlu deuh deuh ila. Vote thlak ngai pawimawh lo leh peih lo kan nih chuan ram rorel tura mipuiin an thlan chhuahte lakah hian beisei leh chanvo kan nei ve thiang lo. Sawisel ve thei tur pawh kan ni chiah em tih thlenga ngaihtuahna sen a ṭha khawp mai.

Inthlan-a kan vote pakhat kan va thlak hian thil kan thlak danglam thei hle a ni. Sorkar lai kan lo ning fu emaw, tling leh ngei se kan duh emaw, party dang sorkar ve tawh se kan ti emaw. Chumi thutlukna siam theitu chu Pathianin finna leh duhthlan theihna rilru hlu tak min pek hmanga vote va thlak hi a ni. Vote i thlak hian, i ram leh Pathian thu i awi a ni tih a entir. Democracy kalphungah chuan ram leh hnam kalphung dik lo hnualsuat a, dikna tung ding leh tura bul ṭanna hmasa ber chu vote thlak hi a ni miau va. Hmelhriat voter, party voter ni mai loin, ram hmangaihtu dik voter ni ta zawk ila. Kan hma lawka Mizoram State Legislative Assembly election ṭum kuana lo awm turah hian Mizo mipuite'n vote i thlak ṭheuh ang u.

- R. Vanlalhmangaihsanga, Deptt. of Political Science, Gov’t. J. Buana College, Lunglei