Free Movement Regime (FMR) ṭobul leh hman chhoh a nih dan

January 20, 2024 khan Union Home Minister Amit Shah chuan India leh Myanmar ramri chu India sorkarin hung a tum thu leh, Free Movement Regime tih t4wp a nih tur thu a puang a. A chhan ni bera lang chu FMR hi hel pawlten hmang sualin, Myanmar aṭangin India beihna remchangah an hmang niin ngaih a ni. Heng bakah hian India Sorkar chuan dan loa lo lut te, sumdawnna pangngai ni lo – drugs, rangkachak leh ramsa humhalh (exotic animal) tawlhrukna tih tawp nan, FMR hi tihtawp an duh niin a lang.

Chutiang bawkin Manipur sorkar chuan, an state chhunga chi leh chi inkara buainaah (ethnic conflict) hi Myanmar aṭanga rawn lutte hi thûk taka inrawlhah a puh tlat bawk a ni. North East state zingah chuan Manipur hian India sorkar duhdan hi ṭawmpuiin, an state sorkar chuan September 2022 aṭang khan FMR hi an lo titawp lailawk tawh a ni. Manipur hmalakna chhan ber nia lang chu, February 2021 aṭang khan Myanmar buaina avangin raltlan lo dan nan an ti a ni.

Chutih laiin, Mizoram leh Nagaland sorkar te, political party te leh pawl hrang hrang te chuan an duh lo thu an sawi chhuak fo tawh ṭhin a. A chhan chu British sorkar khan barhluih ramri a lo siam avangin hnam khat/chi khat te kha ṭhen hrangin, ram hrana mi (different nationality) an lo nih phah a ni. Meitei te pawh hi Mizo leh Naga dinhmunah hian ding ta se, Manipur sorkar ṭanhmun hi a dang viauin a rinawm. Nagaland-a Mon District-a Longwa khua phei chu an Lal In chu International Boundary-ah tak awmin, mutna pindan lam Myanmar-ah a awm a, inkawmna pindan India lamah a awm thung.

Engpawhnise, Free Movement Regime hi a lo chhuah dan leh Inda sorkarin engtin nge a tih danglam chhoh zel dan hi han thai lang ila, a ṭha awm e.

FMR hi tlangmite tan bika siam a ni

India leh Myanmar hian kan hriat ṭheuh angin 1643 km-a thui ramri inṭawmin, India hmarchhak State pali - Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km) leh Mizoram (510 km) te a huam a ni. India Myanmar ramri ṭobul kan chhui dawn chuan ‘Treaty of Yandabo’ February 24, 1826 aṭanga chhui chhoh a ngai dawn a, helam chu han pensan phawt ila.

India leh Burma-in British lak aṭanga zalenna an hmuh khan, Boundary Commission Cyril Radcliffe-a hnuaiah din ni mah se, Punjab leh Bengal ṭhen dan tur (India leh Pakistan) chu an ngaihtuah a, India hmarchhak lam ramri hi chu a awmsa kha rin mai a ni. He thil hi kan sawi chhuah nachhan chu, India Independence tirh ram Danpui an siam hma khan, Constituent Assembly palai Bordoloia leh a ho te hnenah khan Mizo hruaitute khan ramri awmsa hian, Mizote chenna a ṭhen hran nasat thu leh rín ṭha turin an thlen a ni. Ramri hi rin ṭhat ni lo mah se khatih laia India ram hruaitute leh Burma lam hruaitute pawh khan, ramri hrula tlangmi chengte tan an ni tin nunah harsatna an tawh loh nan hma erawh an la vat niin a lang.

‘The Burma Passport Rules, 1948’ Bung 5 (b) ah chuan Burma ram chhung mel 25 (40 Kms) chin chu tlang mi (hill tribes) Burma ṭhenawm ramri hrula awmten passport ngai loin an kal theih thu a inziak a ni. Hetiang bawk hian India sorkar, Ministry of Home Affairs Report 1950-51 kan en let chuan, Indian Passport Rules Bung 41 (a) en ṭhat a nih thu a inziak a. India leh Burma ramri hrula chengte tan inkalpawh a awlsam zawk nan India Passport rules hi tlangmite tan ngaihnathiam a ni ang a, India ram chhung mel 25 thleng visa emaw passport tel loin an rawn lut thei anga inziak a ni. He hriattirna hi India sorkar chuan September 26, 1950 khan a chhuah a ni. Zalen taka inkalpawh bakah tlangmite chuan anmahni phur tawk (headload) bungrua an ken phalsak ṭhin a ni bawk. Myanmar mite hi India ah darkar 72 awm phalsak a ni a, India mite darkar 24 Myanmar ramchhungah awm phalsak an ni thung. Hei hi Free Movement kan tih lo inṭan dan chu a ni ta ber mai.

FMR-in a tum ber chu ramria cheng tlangmite inpawhtawnna leh inunauna hriatsak a nih bakah, heng a mi chhengte hi ram pahnihte inlaichinna tichak theitu hmanrua pawimawh ber a ni tih; India leh Myanmar sorkar pawhin a pawmna a ni. Amaherawhchu, independence hnu lawkah India lak aṭanga zalen duhna - a bikin, Naga (1956), Meitei (1964), Mizo (1966) te zingah a taka kalpui a niin, India sorkar lakah an hel a. Heng helte hian India-Myanmar ramri zalen taka awm chu hman ṭangkai niin India sorkar chuan a ngai a, FMR hi a ennawnin, MHA chuan June 28, 1968 ah India-Burma ramria chengte tan hriattirna a siam a. He hriattirna ang chuan 1950 aṭanga ramri inkaihhruaina hman chu siam danglamin, July 31, 1968 aṭanga hman ṭan turin ramri kàn tur reng rengin an kàn chhan leh ‘permit’ thuneitu hnen aṭang an la tur a nih thu tarlan a ni.

40 km aṭangin 16 km-ah titawi

FMR hi kum 40 chhung vel kalpui a nih hnuah kum 2004 khan ennawn a ni leh ta chauh a. Home Ministry Annual Report 2005-06-a a lan dan chuan India leh Myanmar te hian ‘bilateral agreement’ ramri hrula chengte tan hian an lo la siam miah lo a ni awm e. A awmzia chu FMR hi India leh Myanmar-ten a hranpa ve vein Passport Rules tihdanglama siam mai kha a ni a. Kum 2004-a FMR ennawn a nih khan ramri chu uluk lehzuala kalpui tur leh, ramri pela kal theih chin pawh 40 km aṭang 16 km-ah tih tlem rawt a ni ta. Gazette ah erawh Home Ministry-in 2010 khan a chhuah ta chauh a ni. Heng bakah hian India sorkar hmalaknain MoU siam turin Myanmar sorkar pawh biak a ni a. He inbiakna kal zelah hian May 11, 2018 khan ram pahnihte chuan ‘Agreement on Land Border Crossing’ an ziah hnan ta a ni. He inremnain a tum ber chu ramri hrula chengten zalen taka an inkalpawh ṭhin kha dan hnuaiah (formalized) kalpui a, ramri kàna mipui chet velna atan passport leh visa hman ni se tihte a ni. Heng bakah North East state-te chu he inremna hmang hian an ‘economy’ leh an ram inkalpawhna, border trade leh mipuite hmangin chawisan tum a ni awm e. Act East Policy lo inṭanna pawh a ni ta reng a, FMR nuai bo lam erawh sawi lan a ni lo thung.

Chutih laia thil chiang erawh, 2018 inremna hian a tum nia lang zawk chu ramria inkalpawhnate hi awmzia nei zawka kalpui leh, dan lo thil tihte tihrèm a nih theih nan a duang niin a hriat. India sorkarin a thil tum tak zawk chu he dan phenah hian a awm niin zirmite chuan an ngai a ni. Entirna pawimawh tak chu, ramri insumdawn tawnna hi chawisan tum tak tak ni se chuan, Border Trade Agreement October 21, 1994 khan siam a ni daih tawh a ni. He inremna hnuaiah hian Land Customs Stations (LCS) India ram chhung – Moreh (Manipur), Zokhawthar (Mizoram) leh Nampong (Arunachal Pradesh) ah te siam a ni. An inremna ang chuan border trade mumal takin bungrua thlan bik tlem téah April 12, 1995 kan Moreh (Manipur) leh Tamu (Myanmar) ah kalpui a ni a, January 30, 2004 aṭangin Zokhawthar (Mizoram) leh Rih (Myanmar) inkarah kalpui leh a ni ta bawk. LCS bakah hian Integrated Check Post (ICP) pawh Moreh-ah siam a ni bawk a ni. Zirchhianna hrang hranga a lan dan chuan, border trade hi a nih dan tur taka kalpui tak tak tur chuan sorkar hian nasa takain a mi leh sa leh hmunhmate a thuam chak a ngai. Tun dinhmunah chuan mipui a hmangtute tan harsatna a siam nasa niin a hmun zir chiangtute chuan an sawi ṭhin a ni. Heng avang hian mipuiin dan khauh tak paltlang ai chuan, tun hma aṭanga insumdawntawn (informal trade) a kalpui khan hun, sum leh tha a hek lo zawk avangin LCD/ICP paltlang kher ngai loin kawng dang an dap ṭhin tih, zirmite chuan an sawi bawk.

FRM tihbo maw???

Sorkar laipui chuan FMR tihbo leh ramri hung dan tura hmalak a tum danah, kan beng leh mit a fu ta ṭhap mai niin a lang. International politics nghawng a nih vang nge, tun hnaiah phei chuan India leh khawvela media larte chuan an chhuah chuai chuai mai a ni. He lama zirna in ṭha CLAWS, ORF, IDSA a zirmiten chiang taka an sawi lan tel ṭhin chu, mipuite thlawpna tel lo chuan a hlawhtlin an ring lo a ni. Chuvangin, India sorkar thuneiute pawhin tlangmi chengte dinhmun hi min hriatsak ve a ngai a ni. Mizoramah pawh, thil ṭha lo lo lut hi a tuar nasa bertu chu Mizote kan ni, sawi tur kan hre ṭheuh awm e! Chuti chung chung pawhin India state ralmuang berah kan inchal ngam a ni. Mi tlem te thil ṭha lo titute avanga a ram leh a hnam pum nghawng tur min barhluih ringawt tum hi chu thlir dan dik lo tak a ni. Thirlena hung hian thil ṭha lo lo lut hi a titawp dawn lo a, Bangladesh lam hi a hlawhtlingin kan hmu em? Heng ai chuan mipuite lamṭangah siam turin tun aia nasa hian hma lak ni se (Confidence Building Measures), ramri enkawltu leh vengtu atan pawh a ṭha berin a rinawm. Mizo tan phei chuan a pawnga taka FMR tihbo a, ramri hung tumna hi ram leh hnam impumkhatna kal zel tur ‘daidanna bang’ ang hiala ngaih theih a nih avangin pawm theih a ni ngai dawn lo.

- Dr. Joseph K Lalfakzuala, jkzuala@gmail.com