CHANGES – II

Khawvel ram hrang hrangte hian Revolution an lo paltlang tawh hlawmin chu chuan nasa takin danglamna a thlen bakah hmasawnna pawh a thlen ṭhin. Khawvela Revolution lo thleng tawhte chanchin hi tawi tetein han thlir hmasa ila:

Neolithic Revolution (Circa 10,000BCE): Hei hi mihring pem chi leh insawn zung zung mai ṭhinna aṭanga eizawnna nghet leh tlo zawk loneih lama inthlakna, a huhoa khawtlang chenna hmuna inthlak danglamna a thlen a. Mihring nuna inthlak danglamna pawimawh tak a thlenin hmasawnna nasa tak a thlen a ni.

Industrial Revolution (18th – 19th Centuries): Industrial revolution hi kum zabi 18-na tawp lam aṭanga lo chhuak a niin sum leh pai, technology leh khawtlang nuna inthlak danglamna nasa tak a thlen a ni. Britain aṭanga lo chhuak a niin a hnuah khawvel hmun dangah a darh zel a, agrarian leh manual labour-based economy aṭanga industrial leh machine-based economy-a inthlakna a thlen.

French Revolution (1789 – 1799): Kum 1789 aṭanga 1799 thleng khan French ramah he Revolution hian politics leh khawtlang nuna thil thlak danglamna a thlen a. Sum leh pai lama harsatna leh mi hnuaihnung zawkte lungawi lohna nasa tak aṭanga inṭan a niin, chu chuan ram hruaitu chunga helna a thlen a. Kum 1789-ah Bastille khawpui beih a ni a, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen te, Politics lama pawl lian tak tak lo chhuahna te a ni. Lalram chu tihtawp a ni a, Lal Louis XVI leh Lalnu Marie Antoinette-te chu kum 1793 khan an lu tansak a ni a. Ram chhungah leh ram pawnah buaina chi hrang hrang a lo chhuak a, thuneihna inchuhna a awmin he revolution tawp lamah phei chuan Napoleon Bonaparte chu rawn chhuakin, kum 1804 khan Emperor a rawn ni a. A hunlai hian revolution chu a tawp ta a ni.

American Revolution (1775 – 1783): Britist thuneihna aṭanga zalenna an hmuh theih nan Lalram hrang 13 laiin beihpui an thlakna a ni. Kum 1783-ah Paris thuthlung siamah a tawpin United State chu hnam thuneihna nei anga pawm a ni ta bawk a, he hunah hian mi pawimawh tak takte an awmin George Washington, Thomas Jefferson leh Benjamin Franklin te hi mi langsar zualte an ni. He revolution hian United State dinna atan leh mipui thuneihna siamna atan nghawng thui tak a nei bawk.

Scientific Revolution (16th – 18th Centuries): Kum zabi 16-na tawp lam aṭangin he revolution hi a rawn inṭan a. Science taka thil ngaihtuahnaah inthlak danglamna nasa tak a thlenin chutah chuan Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler leh Newton te hi hmahruaitu an ni. Anni chuan hnam rindan leh ngaihdan tam takte chu an hnawl a, Copernicus chuan heliocentric model a kalpui a, Galileo chuan Telescope hmangin van lam thilte min thlirtir a. Kepler chuan Planetary motion dan a siam a, Newton chuan motion leh lei hipna lamah thil thar min hrilh bawk. Chu'ng hmasawnnate chuan tunlaia science dinna atan lungphum an phum a, ngaihdan thar an duang chhuak a ni.

Russian Revolution (1917): He revolution hi kum 1917-a thleng a niin Romanov lalram chu paihthlak a ni a, socialist state hmasa ber Russian Republic Federative Socialist Republic din a ni. He revolution hi phase hniha ṭhen theih a ni a; February revolution, nawrh huaihawt nasa tak leh Tsar Nicolas II ban a nihna leh October revolution, Vladimir Lenin kaihhruai Bolshevik hoin thuneihna an laknate a ni. Chung thil thlengte chuan a tawpah Soviet Union din theihna kawng a rawn hawng ta a.

Information Revolution (Kum zabi 20-na atanga lo chhuak): He revolution hi chuan kum zabi 20-na tawp lama technology leh inbiakpawhna lama hmasawnna chak tak a kawk a. Thil pawimawh tak takte chu internet tihhmasawnna atana hmangin, hei hian kum 1960 chho aṭanga ARPANET hmanga lo inṭan tawh a ni. Kum 1980 chhoah khan personal computer hman a ni a, kum 1990 chhohah chuan world wide web a lo chhuak a, khawvel puma information hmuh leh insem dan a thlak danglam. He revolution hian industry, inbiakpawhna leh ni tin nunah nasa takin nghawng a nei a, tunlaia digital hun kan hman mek hi a chawisang bawk a ni.

Hetiang hian khawvelah thil inthlak danglamna nasa taka lo thleng tawh ṭhin a. A ram bil anga thil inthlak danglamna thleng chanchin sawi lehin Japan ram hi han thlurbing ta ila. Japan ramin harsatna an lo tawh a, chumi aṭanga an thawh leh dan hi a ngaihnawm a, vawiin thleng pawha khawvel ram dangte’n Japan ram hi kan la dah chungnungin, mi dang fuihna atan kan hman chhan hi han sawi teh ang.

Indopui pahnihnaah khan Japan chu tlawmin hreh tak chungin a ban a phar ta a nih kha. Kha an tlawmna chhan kha an sipaite huaisen tawk loh vang lam ni loin, an sum leh paiin a tlin tawh loh vang niin hreh tak chungin an inhnukdawk ta a ni. Nagaland Jesemia aṭangin an sipaite chu tawlhletin an saltangte ngei ngei pawh enkawl ṭha thei lo a, harsa takin an awm a ni. Huaisenin remhre tak ni mah se la Sept. 2, 1945-a an han tlawm meuh chuan an dinhmun a lo chhe hman tawh hle mai a, sipai pawh maktaduai hnih lai an chan bawk a nih kha. An khawpui pahnih bomb a nih mai bakah an indo lawng lian leh chhuanvawr em em mai chu Atlantic tuipuiah bomb pilsak a ni bawk a, an wireless radar pu chiah damin a chhuak nghe nghe. Chutiang taka tlawm lo thei lo dinhmuna an han din takah chuan an lal, Hirohito chuan an sipaite hnenah chuan, "In inpekna leh inhuaisenna chu a chhuanawm e. Amaherawhchu Japan ram hi in hmangaih tak tak a, chhuan dang tam tak lo la kal turte tan la awm zel se in duh a nih chuan, vawiina kan tlawm ngam hi kan tih tur awm chhun a ni ta si a, chu chu in pawm ka duh a ni," a ti a. Tichuan hreh tak chungin an tlawm thu chu an sipai hotu ber Yamamoto chuan hming a sign hnan ta a. Hetih lai hian an sipai rualte chuan rilru na lutukin an ṭap hawm hawm bawk.

Hiroshima leh Nagasaki-a bomb thlak kha a rapthlak hle mai. August 6, 1945-ah Hiroshima-ah bomb, a hming atana ‘Little Boy’ an tih chu thlak a ni a, a hnu lawk August 9, 1945-ah Nagasaki-ah ‘Fat Man’ tia hming an vuah bomb chu thlak leh a ni. Heng bomb pahnihte hian nghawng rapthlak tak a nei a, khawlum nasa tak a thlen nghalin, boruak pangngai chu nasa takin a thlak danglam bawk a, kangmei nasa tak thlen bawkin damchhuakte tan pawha nun hrehawm khawpin boruak a tichhe bawk. Bomb hmasa zawk Little Boy thlak avang hian mi 140,000 vel an thih phah nia hriat a ni a, Nagashaki-a Fat Man bomb thlak avang hian mi 70,000 vel thih phaha sawi a ni bawk. Chutianga thil rapthlak tak a thlen tak avang chuan Japan tan chuan tlawm mai loh chu tihtur a awm ta lo a ni ber mai.

Japan tlawmna hi thui taka sawi tur a awm. A chhan bul berah chuan an sipai huaisenna leh inpekna chuan a tlin nameuh mai a, nimahsela an economic lamin a tlin loh vangin leh an khawpui pawimawh ber ber pahnih hmelmate’n hneh taka an bomb a, mipui, nunau sang tam takin nunna an chan tak avangin a ni ber. Tichuan, mei khupa tlawm ni mah se Japan chuan kut kuangkuah mai mai a tum hauh lo a, ram dang aṭanga sum leh pai emaw thil danga puihna dawn ai chuan, a theih ang anga anmahni ngeiin eitur thawhchhuah an tum ta zawk a, ei tur a awm phawt loh chuan engmah dang a thawh theih loh tih chiang taka an hriat tawh avangin, buh leh bala intodelh turin nasa takin ṭan an la ta a.

Vawiin thlenga Japan mite’n thawhrimna an la uar chhunzawm zelna chhan pawh hian he harsatna an tawh aṭanga an thinlunga bet tlat tawh nia sawi a ni ṭhin a. Mi tin hian hna an thawk nasa em em hlawm a, nupa nun hmang tur pawhin hmun fianrial leh hun hrana hmang loin hnathawhna hmunah an hmang mai ṭhin. Chutiang khawpa an thawhrim avang chuan hlawhtlinna changin vawiin thleng hian Japan thil siamchhuah chu ṭha bik tura ngaihna lian tak pawh kan lo neih phah ta a nih hi.

Japan thawhchhuah lehnaah hian thil pawimawh tak tak a awm a. Ram siam ṭhatna lamah hma thar an la a, kuthnathawhna lamah leh kuthnathawktute tharchhuah lei lamah ngaihtuahna thar an neiin, chu chuan nasa takin hma an sawn phah a. An rama thil siamchhuahna hmunahte chuan anmahni mamawh mai bakah hralh chhuah tur thlengin an siam a, chu'ng an thil siamchhuahte chu a ṭha thei ang bera an siam avangin ram dang siamchhuah aiin miin an lo duh zel zawk si avangin an hlawk em em a, an ṭhalaite pawh chu lehkha chhiar nasa tura fuihin ram hmangaihna thinlung an neihna turin zirtirna pawh an pe uar sauh bawk a. Hnathawktute chu dah pawimawhin tu mah chu an awm mai mai ngai lo a, zirna kawngah ngei pawh nasa taka ṭan an lak thar avangin hma an sawn phah lehzual. Chutianga nasa taka an tan avang chuan kum 1971 a lo thlen leh meuh chuan Asia khawmualpuiah economic lamah pakhatna an rawn ni hial a ni.

Kum 1945 – 1950 inkarah khan Japan chuan hmasawnna nasa tak a neiin an hmasawnna rate chu 8% aṭanga 18% inkar a ni phak hial a. Kum 1951 – 1970 inkarah pawh chuan Japanese economic miracle tih hial khawpa hmasawnna mak tak neiin kum khata an hmasawnna rate chu 10%–14% lai a ni phak. Hetiang taka Japan hmasawnna chakna chhan hi an thawhrimna vang a ni ber a, ram leh hnam hmangaihna thinlung tak tak nei chunga rim taka an thawh vang a ni. Heng Automobile kan tih Toyota, Honda, Nissan leh Subaru te hi Japan kutchhuak lar takte an ni a. Electronics lamah pawh Sony, Panasonic leh Toshiba te pawh hi khawvel ram dang siamte aia ṭha leh tlo an ni. Technology lamah pawh Japan hi an chungnung hle a, Canon leh Nintendo te hi an thilsiam chhuah lar zualte an niin, Robot siamchhuah leh ei leh in tur siam lamah pawh an chungnung hle a ni.

- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak