Engtin nge ram a lo changkan?

“Economic Growth” kan tih fo hi thil ropui leh khirhkhan a ni hranpa tehchiam lo va. Chhungkua, veng, ram reng reng hian siamchhuah, dehchhuah, tihchhuah a neih tam poh leh sum lakluh a lo pung a, chhungkaw hausa, ram hausa ni tur chuan thawkchhuaktu an tam a ngai a. Ei tur, in tur, thuamhnaw, thingpui dawr, lu-met/sam-met, doctor, driver, motor siamtu, contractor, zirtirtu, sumdawng adt. an lo tam poh leh thawkchhuaktu an pung tihna a ni. Thawkchhuaktu an tam chuan "Production" a lo tam a, hnathawk thiam an pun emaw, thiam taka hna thawh dan an hmuh phei chuan “Productivity” a sang a. Ram a lo ṭhang a, a lo changkang ṭhin a ni.

Thlai thartuin thlai a thar a, ei tur siamtuin lo leisakin ei tur a siam chu mi dangin an lei a. Ei tur siamtu chuan a thil hralhna pawisa chuan kawr-mawi a lei ve thung a. Kawr-mawi hralhtu chuan a dawr kal nan taxi hire a ngai a, taxi driver chuan petrol a lei a ngai ve thung a. Petrol zuartu chuan oil company aṭangin petrol a la chhawng a, oil company chuan oil laichhuak turin engineer a ruai a, khawl lian pui pui a hmang a, labour tam tak a mamawh a. Oil lo sawngbawltu a ngai leh a, hnathawktu chuan a hriselna enkawl turin doctor a mamawh a. Tute emaw an intibuai a, lawyer a ruai ve leh a. Heng thil kalkual vel hi mamawhtu leh leitu an awm tih an hriat ṭheuh avangin anmahni zawn ṭheuhvah hna an thawk mai a. Chu chu Economist te chuan “demand and supply” an ti mai. Chumi inher kual vel chu “economic growth" siamtu chu a lo ni ta mai a. A lo inher kual tam poh leh hmasawnna a lo kal nasa ta mai a ni.

In sa-tu chuan bawngtuthlawh leh suahdur ringawt a hman chuan a hnathawh a sawt har hle. Bawngtuthlawh leh suahdur ringawt hmangtu chu eng anga zei leh chak pawh ni se hnathawh a sawt thei lo va, a hlawh tam thei lo. Mahse, mi pakhat chuan operator thiam nál tak hmangin JCB (earth mover) a hmang a, hun rei lo teah awlsam takin kuta hnathawktu thawh lèt 100 lai pawh a thawk thei a. Mahse, khawl ṭha leh manto tak pawh awm se, khawl tuaivirtu ṭha leh thiam (skilled operator) a awm si loh chuan khawl manto thlawn a ni dawn a ni. Mahse, operator thiam takin JCB chu a hmang a, leivung chu tipper truck lianah a chhûng a, tipper truck chuan khawpui daifema tu ram ruakah emaw leivung a va chhúng a. Leivung a chhùnna ram neitupa chuan remhre takin in a sa a, hotel a sa a, sum tam tak a hailut leh ta thung a. Chutianga hnathawh dan awmze nei leh mumal chu Scottish economist Adam Smith-a chuan, “Division of Labour” tiin a lo phuah a. Chutianga hnathawh tur insemzai thiamna leh kalphung siam thiam apiang he khawvelah hian an "Productivity" a sang a, Economic "Efficiency" an nei a, an lo ding chhuak ta ṭhin a ni.

Thil pawimawh tak chu engtin nge hnathawktu chuan hlawkna a hmuh a, sumpai virvel chu mumal taka a kal kual tih lai hi a ni a. Chutianga awmze mumal leh fel taka eizawnna hrang hrang che vel chu economist te chuan “Institutions” an ti ta a ni. Chu chuan hnathawktu sum lakluh te, sumdawnna neitu nihna thute, market inzawm dan te, kudam leh phurh kualna (logistics) te, sumdawng leh sumdawng inremna thute, tihsual tuartu an awm loh nana dan leh hrai hung biktu mumal a awm leh awm lohte chuan, a chunga kan sawi zawng zawng hi a phuarkhawm vek a. Chu “Institution” chu a mumal a, hlawk taka hnathawk theia a chet theih phawt chuan ram sum leh pai, ei leh bar dinhmun a lo ṭha ta mai ṭhin a ni.

A nachang hre lo, ngaihtuahna hmang lo ram hnufual leh hnuaihnungah thung chuan in satu chuan a leivung paihna a hre lo ang a, leivung phurtu chuan khawiah emaw a ruka paihna a zawng ang a, pollution a siam ang a, khawtlang huat a hlawh ang. Ram chhunga a rohlu "resources" pawh ṭangkaia hman thiam lovin a vàt rem mai mai ang a, humhalh leh tihpun nachang pawh a hre lo ang. Chutiang ang ram hnufualah chuan loneitu, ranvulhtu, inhlawhfa, sumdawng tenau chuan mahni phuahchawp dan danin hma an la ve ang a, thawh phu lohvin tangka a lalut tlem ang a, a risk huai leh pawisak nei lote’n an lalut tam deuh vang a, mahse a ngelnghet chuang lo vang. Inkhualtelem ang an ni.

Eng ram mai pawh hi a tir aṭanga hausa thut an awm lo va, an inzir a, an insiam ṭha a, hlawk zawka hna thawh dan an zawng zel a, an lo changkang chho mai hlawm a ni. A ṭhen chuan kum 10 an mamawh a, a ṭhen chuan kum 20 an mamawh a, an rama khuanu dah malsawmna (resources) ṭhat dan azirin a danglam ṭhin. Hnathawktu chu hna thawh dan thiam tura zirtir an ngai a, hnathawk thiam (skilled workers) an lo tam chuan ram hmasawnna hnuk (human capital) an lo ni ta ṭhin a. Chutiang “human capital” chu tharchhuah, dehchhuah, tihchhuah tipung tura thuam chak an ngai a. Thuam chak tur chuan nichina kan sawi “Institution” tak kha awmze neia din leh duan a ngai ta a ni. Chu “Institution” siam tur chuan hmathlir neih a ngai a, kal phung tur duan a ngai a, ruahmanna (planning) ṭha leh tihhlawhtlin dan tur fing tak (strategy) siam a ngai ta ṭhin a nih chu.

Ram hrang hrangin hmasawnna bulṭhut haichhuah nan Agriculture hi bulṭan nan an hmang deuh vek a. Vanduaithlak takin agriculture hi tihhmasawn harsa ber a ni deuh zel. Khamkhawp leh zawrhkhawp tharchhuak tur chuan irrigation a ngai a, fertilizer a ngai a, tractor leh khawl dang hmanga lo neih chu mechanize a ngai. Khawl thil leh hmanraw changkang manto hmang tur chuan ram ṭha leh zau, khawl ṭha chhawr manhla tur khawp hmunhma a lo ngai leh a. Mizoram ang siam zàwl záwl chawp ngaiah phei hi chuan hralh tham, ram sum dinhmun siam ṭha dawrh khawp thar chhuah chu a harsa khawp dawn a ni. Chuti a nih avang chuan kan intodelh lo vang tihna ni lovin, thil man man chi leh hralhna lama harsa lo thlai chin erawh kan thiam a ngai tihna a ni. Ei leh bara intodelh hi intodelhna rahbi pawimawh ber a ni hran lo va. Kawng danga ei leh bar tur hnianghnar taka leina tur kan thawhchhuah theih tho chuan intodelhna kawng zau tak a awm tho a ni tihna a ni ber awm e.

Europe ah te, America-ah te, India ah te thleng pawhin Agriculture sector lamah mipuiin hma an la hmasa ber a. Agriculture hi eizawnna pui bera an neih hunlai zelah hmasawnna a muang zel a. Agriculture aṭanga thilsiam chhuah (manufacturing) lam bawha khawl thiltihtheihna hman ṭangkai lama a tlan hnuah hmasawnna a zuang zel an ti. Europe ah chuan Industrial Revolution a lo thlen hma khan hmasawnna a hnungtawlh a, industrial revolution lo thleng erawh chuan engkim a thlak danglam thung a. Industry-a inhlawh tura an rawn tlanchhiatsan Agriculture an ram ruak tam tak chu industrial revolution khawl thiltihtheihna hmangin an enkawl let ta thung a, productivity a lo lian thar leh a, agriculture leh manufacturing a kalkawp thei ta a. Hmasawnna a zuang thei ta ṭhin a ni.

Factory a lo ṭhang lian a, mi hmantlak mamawhna a lo pung a. Manager, engineer, accountant, technician, marketing executive, financial expert, designers leh security thlengin mamawhna a lo sang a. Chutiang hna a tam poh leh sumpai vir vel a lo tam a. Sumpai vir vel a lo tam poh leh chhiah a lut tam a. Hmasawnna kawng hrang hrang ruahmanna a lo awm thei a, ram a lo changkang ta ṭhin a ni.

Khawvel huap economist ropui Raghuram G Rajan leh Rohit Lamba te chuan “How Do Countries Grow Rich?” tih an article an ziak a. An ziak loh dan ang deuh zar zar hian Mizoram chu kan kal thung a nih awm hi maw?

- Joseph L. Ralte

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