Saa intodelhnan leh ramngaw chereu zel tur vennan 'Bekang'
Mizoram sorkarin ei leh bar a kan intodelh theih nan, agriculture, horticulture leh ranvulh lamah nasa taka hmalak a tum mek a, a phurawm tawh hle. Thlai hrang hrang hmalak theihna tur tam tak zingah eng thlai ber hi nge champion-pui ila, kan ṭhatpui ber ang? tih hi ngaihtuah tham a ni. He article bikah hian ranchaw atana ṭha tur thlai beiseiawm hisap mah ila, a huapzau zawka kan chhawr theih tur- mihring tan, environment leh economy atan pawha ṭha tur thlai ṭangkai ber tur ngaihtuah tel ta ila.
Ranvulh lamah han ṭang viauin farm lian tak tak siam han tum mah ila, kan mu tanna ber chu 'a chaw' a ni; farm pawisa che vel zaa sawmsarih lai hi a chawah a kal ral ṭhin a ni. Ranchawte duh anga tam tualchhungah kan siamchhuah loh avangin, phai lam aṭanga lakluh deuh vek a ngai a, tualchhung tharchuah ngei sa ei angah inngai mah ila, a thar chhuah economy tam zawk chu phai lamah a kal liam tihna a ni. Tin, phai lama chaw man azirin kan sa man, artui leh bawnghnute man te, a tovin a tlawm dawn tihna a ni. Mizoram tan bekang (soyabean; Glycine max) chin hi a beiseiawm hle dawnin a hriat theih a. Bekang hi thlai ṭangkai tak a nih theih nan criteria hrang hrang a khum dante lo tarlang dawn ila.
1. Thlai chuan environment a tichhe tur a ni lo : Hei hi a tehfung pawimawih berte zinga mi a ni. Tual ṭo ni lo, ram dang aṭang kan chah luh thlai dangte hian khuareiah kan environment te an tih bawrhban theih avangin, fimkhur a ngai hle. Bekang chu tual ṭosa, a chin pawh hian a hranga environment a tih chhiat vakna hriat a ni lo va, a ṭha zawngin nghawng a nei thei thung. Bekang thlai hian boruak aṭangin lei ṭhatna tur nitrogen hipin, a ṭona hmunah lei ṭha a siam ṭhin, chu chu nitrogen-fixation an ti (eufic.org). Chuvang chuan, thlai dang nena inbanletin emaw; a tahtawla chín atan a ṭha hle. Fertilizers leh chemical-leiṭhate hman a ṭulna pawh a titlem thei a, environment tan a ṭha hle.
2. Thlai, thlai rah/be chuan ran ṭhan duhna ‘protein’ a pai hnem tur a ni : Ranchaw/sangha chawa telh tur pawimawh ber chu protein a ni, a chaw man tito bertu pawh a ni hial! Entirnan, vaimimah a tam berah 20% crude protein a awm a, bekang be ah chuan 45% daih a ni. Bekangah hian taksa bung hrang hrang siamna iṭa 'amino acids' te a awm kim vek. Vaimimah lysine leh a dangte a kim lo a, palh chawp a ngai. Bekang aia ṭha, thlai, protein pai tam hi khawvelah hian a vang ve hle. Bekang aṭanga siam, soybean meal te hi ranchaw atana an hman nasat ber pawl a ni.
3. Thlai chu a chin leh enkawl a awlsam tur a ni : Kan sik leh sa leh leilung milin, bekang thlai hi enkawl a sam em em, 'moderately low-maintenence crop' an tih a ni.
4. Tharchhuahte dah ṭhat an awlsam tur a ni : Thlai thar tam taka kan buaina chu an chhe hma lutuk a, dah ṭhat/storage ah kan buai ṭhin. A phurh kualna lamah te leh market ṭhat loh thutah te an ṭawihin, an eitlak loh vat ṭhin. Bekang hi hmun hul, thim leh dai ṭhaah chuan kum tam tak a dah ṭhat theih. Kum 5 hnuah erawh an vitamin paite an hloh ve a, kum 1-2 chhung hi quality hniam phah lovin a dah ṭhat theih (USDA).
5. Sawngbawl a awlsam tur a ni : Bekanga tel/oil awmte an tler (rancid) ṭhin a, chu chuan sawngbawla post-processing a tibuaithlak ve ṭhin. Mahse, an tler chhiat mai loh nan, a tél pai tihniama sawrchhuah theih a ni. A tel lakchhuah nan mechanical process hmanga sawr chhuah hi kan ramah pawh kan tih ve theih ngei tur chi a ni. Tin, ranchaw atana hman ber tur a nih dawn avangin tlemin lo tler deuh ṭhin mah se la, a protein pai tam lam a tihbuai chuang loh avangin a chaw ṭhatna a nghawng dawn lo va, dah ṭhatna lam chu a buaithlak lutuk loh turah a ngaih theih.
6. Ranchaw atana tih thlai chu mihringin ei atan kan chuhpui mang tur a ni lo : Bekang um tih lovah chuan bekang hi a hrangin Mizoten kan ei nasa lo va. Ranchaw tur atan kan dah hrang theiin ei atan kan compete lo viau ang; bekang aiah sa kan thleng dawn tihna nih ber chu. Mahse, a chhe ber pawh dawnin bekang thar chhuahte hralhna awm loh ṭumah pawh mihring eiah a rin theih tho, chu chu thlai dangte aia a ṭhatna a ni. Hmunphiah, sawhthing, purunte chu rin berah a neih theih loh laiin, bekang chu protein a tamin, dailuah anga siamin emaw, soychunks (nutrela), tofu emaw tempeh an tih angah a siamin rin berah pawh a neih theih a, rei tak a dah ṭhat theih bawk.
7. Thlai chu thlai dang nena inbanletin a chin theih tur a ni : Bekang hian lei a tih ṭhat theih avangin thlai dang nen a inbanlet emaw, a inkarthlakin (crop-rotation, multiple cropping system) a chin theih a (fao.org, irri.org). He property hi kan lo neih dan chungchangah lakchhawna adopt chakawm ber pawl chu a ni! Kum tin lo vatin ramngaw ṭha kan tichereu ṭhin. Kum tina vat lo hian a hmun ngaiah kum hnih/khat dang neih leh tum ta ila, lei ṭha fertilizers te nen ṭangkawpin, chu chuan ramngaw kan vah chereu dan a timuang ngei ang. Hemi tihmuan theih dan azirin lo neihna hmunhluite pawh ramchang ṭhaah an lo chang ve leh hman zel ang a. Chumi idea hmang chuan, hetianga ramngaw kan tihchereu nasat tikhawtlai thei turin, buh kan chinna hmun hluiah lei tiṭhaa nitrogen fix turin a dawtah bekang kan ching ang a, buh chin tawhnain lei a tihchhiatna leh thûrnaah pawh bekang (pH5.6-6.5) a lo ṭha thei lehzel nen. Hetiang hian, buh-bekang tiin kum hnih emaw kum li thleng pawhin a hmun ngaiah a banleh theih a ni awm e. A inbanleta chin hian, rannung thahna hlo hmang mang lo pawhin a tih theiah a, a chhan chu buh bàwmtu rannungten bekang an bawm mang loh avangin, thlai leh thlaiah an pakai mawh a ni awm e (irri.org). Buh ṭo tawhna bulah khan leileh hran pawh ngai tawh chuang lovin bekang chite a tuh mai theih a ni.
Bekang chin hi Mizoram tan a beiseiawm viau mai; eitur ṭha, environment leh economy-ah te hmasawnna a thlen thei dawn a. Dawhkan aṭanga hisap chuan engmah tih theih loh em em tur a awm lo va, a field-a enchhin a ngai a, harsatna chinfel tur tam tak pawh a awm ngei ang. Team work a ngaih dawn avangin hemi lama department te ṭanrual a ngai dawn a ni. Ranvulha ṭanlak tum apianga ‘a step hmasa ber, ranchaw’ bawka kan ṭan loh nan, kan thawhchhuah vat a ngai a ni. Ka lawm e.
-Jonathan Lalsiamthara (jonathan.lalsiamthara@gmail.com)