KHAWVEL HMASAWNNA

Leilung chanchina hun hrang hrang leh chung huna thil thleng pawimawh tak takte sawina atan chuan historical period tiin ṭhen a ni a, khawvela cheng mihringte hmasawnna pawh fiah leh chiang takin hetiang hian kan hre thei ang:

Stone Age: Mihring nunphung hriat hmasak ber niin Lunghriam hman hunlai sawina atan hman a ni. He hun hi hun thumah ṭhen a ni lehin: Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) leh Neolithic (New Stone Age) tihte a ni a. Paleolithic hun hi kum maktaduai 2.5 vel kalta aṭanga inṭan niin BCE 10,000 vel thleng a awh a, hetih hunlai hian mihring hmasate chu ramsa mantu- gatherer tih an ni. Lung chu ṭangkai takin hmanraw chi hrang hranga hman a ni ṭhin.

Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) hun erawh chu BCE 10,000 vel aṭanga BCE 5,000 vel huamin hetih hunlai hian hmanraw siam danah hmasawnna nasa tak awmin, mihringte chuan ramsa man leh ei tur khawlkhawm dante an lo thiam chho zel bawk a.

Neolithic (New Stone Age) hunlai hi kum 12,000 vel kal ta aṭang khan inṭanin BCE 3,000 vel thleng a awh a. He hunah hian hmasawnna neiin lo neih leh ran vulh lama inthlak danglamna thlengin bel siamna kawngah leh, lung hmanraw thianghlim zawk siam dan pawh an lo thiam chho ta zel a.

Bronze Age: Hmanrua leh ralthuam atana Beonze hman hunlai a ni a, mihring chanchina bronze hman lar tak hunlai a ni. A tlangpuiin BCE 3,300 aṭanga BCE 1,200 vel inkar a awhin; hmun hrang hrangah erawh a hun chhung hi a inang vek thei lo. Bronze Age-ah hian civilization hmasa ber Mesopotamian, Aigupta, Indus valley leh Aegean civilization te chu a lo ṭhang lian a, chu chu agriculture, sumdawnna leh khawpui lama thil thar siam a nih avangin a lo ṭhang lian chak hle.

Iron Age: Mihring thiamna chuan tlema hmasawn hretin; Thir chu ralthuam atan leh hmanraw dang atana hman thiam a lo ni a, a hun chhungah chuan BCE 1200 vel aṭanga Common Era inṭan thlengin a huam thei ang a, nimahsela hmun hrang hrangah a inang vek thei lo ang. Hetih hunlai hian hmun hrang hangah thir lakchhuah leh thir hmanga hmanraw siam chhuah chu hmasawnna langsar tak a ni a, tunlai hun thleng hian he hun (Iron Age) hian pawimawhna tam tak a nei bawk a ni.

Middle Age: Hei hi Medieval Period tia hriat a ni bawk a. Kum zabi 5-na aṭanga kum zabi 15-na tawp lam thleng khan a huamin Kristianna lo chhuahna leh nation-state lo chhuahna te a huam thei bawk ang. Western Roman Empire tlahniam leh feudalism lo chhuahna a niin; thuneihna chu lalte leh pasalṭhate chuan insem darhin he hunah hian nunphung mai bakah, sum leh pai leh politics lamah inthlak danglamna a thleng nasa em em a ni. Chutah chuan Kristianna pawh a lo darhzau phah zel bawkin, hmasawnna pawh a thleng chho reng bawk a.

Industrial Age: Kum zabi 18-na tawp lam aṭang khan mechanized manufacturing process a lo chhuah thleng khan a huam a. He hun hi Industrial Revolution tia hriat lar a ni bawkin, chu chuan sum leh pai lama inthlak danglamna nasa tak a thlen a ni. Agrarian leh handicraft based economy aṭanga industry leh machine manufacturing lamah thil inthlak danglam awmin hmasawnna pawimawh tak tak steam power siam chhuahte, textile samna mechanization te leh rel kawng ang chite pawh huam vekin, hmasawnna chu hmuh theihin nasa takin a ṭhang a ni.

Information Age: Hei hi tunlai hun tih a niin digital technology hmanna zau tak, a bik takin computer leh internet hmanna leh thu inthlengna rang tak takte a kawk a. Khawtlang nunah kawng hrang hrangin inbiakpawhnaahte, zirnaahte, sumdawnnaahte leh intihhlimna leh rorelna hmunahte nasa takin danglamna a thlen. He hmasawnna avang hian khawvel letliama chengte nen pawh rang tak takin kan lo inbiakpawh theih phah bawkin, chu chu a sawi awlsamna atan ‘Global Village’ tih a ni.

Hetianga khawvel hmasawnna chi hrang hrang kan han sawi hian kimchang takin sawi lo mah ila, kan hmasawn dan leh kan hmasawnna lo danglam dante fiah takin kan hriat theih a rinawm. A bik takin tunlai hun ‘Information Age’ kan tihah hian kan rilru leh thinlung ngei pawh hi a hmanhmawh kan ti dawn nge, a nghak thei lo ṭhin a. Entirna atan, TV leh Social media site khawi lai emawa kan thil hmuh chu naktuk maia a tak hmuh nghal kan duh mai ṭhin. Chutiang zelin indona ngei pawh live-a thlir theih chang a lo tam ta bawkin, engkim mai hi mahni awmhmun aṭanga hmuh leh hriat vek kan tum tawh ṭhin. Naktuk chanchinbua lo chhuak tur kan nghak hman lo a, Radio-a thupuan phei chu kan ngaithla taima ta lo hle mai.

Inbiakpawhna a ṭhat ang bawkin inkalpawhna pawh a lo awlsam zel bawk a, ni khat thilthuah vai ram hla tak tak pawh kan thleng zung zung ta mai bawk a. Tunhmaa Silchar kal chhung aiin tunah chuan Delhi mai pawh ni loin, Bangkok khawpui kal chhung a lo rei ta lo daih zawk maite hi khawvel hmasawnna langsar tak kan ti thei ang. Kum 1994 vela biak hlatna hmunpui, Aizawl aṭanga America biak kha a buaithlak tehlul nen, tunah chuan mahni khum laizawl aṭangin khawvel letliama mite nen pawh duh hun hunah kan inbe thei ta mai pawh hi hmasawnna ropui tak a ni a. Tunhma deuha mahni Ina lane-line Telephone hmanga khaw dang a biak theih loh lai a, PCO (Public Call Office) aṭang khera kan han biate leh Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) Code number kan vawn ṭhinte kha a la rei lo tehlul nen, tunah chuan PCO mamawh loin kan lo awm ta a, ṭawngkam mai ni loin video call thlengin kan duh duh kan be thei ta te hi, hmasawnna hriatreng tawh tur a ni.

Hetiang khawvelah hian kan chen avangin keimahni ngei pawh hian khawvel hmasawn ruala hma kan sawn ve zel theihna turin kan inbuatsaih reng fo a pawimawh. Lunghriam hman hunlai anga incheina pawh ngaihsak lo taka kan awm reng a rem tawh lo a, kan tun hun ang zela kan inher rem thiam a ṭul ṭhin. Kan naupan laiin (La rei lo hle mah se la) ka pa hian bel lian tak tak, khap riat bel tiat vel hi sawm dawn lai a dah ṭha ṭhin a, a hman pawh kan hmang ṭangkai ṭhin viau bawk tak nain tunah chuan bel lian chu hmanna a lo tam lem tawh lo a, a hnawk ṭan ta mai. Chutiang bawkin Vawk hriak leh Ar thaute ngei pawh kan hmang lar tawh lem lo viau mai a, a aia damdawi ṭha a awm tawh vang a ni. Nakin lawkah phei chuan ṭhangthar rawn chhuak lehte chuan 'tui kawt' (Tel ṭin emaw bucket hmanga tui kawh) pawh hi an la hre lo thuaiin a rinawm.