MIZORAM ENVIRONMENT KAIHHNAWIH THIL THLENG MEKTE

Kan ram ngaw te kan tichereuin kan tibawlhhlawh nasa sawt ta hle mai. Aizawl chhehvel lui tuite pawh han in mai chi zia zang a ni ta lo. He kan environment chhe mek veitu ṭhangthar an lo chhuak a, bawlhhlawh thenfai leh tuihna siam te an rawn vei a, thil lawmawm tak a ni. An tha tihchak nan Environment kaihhnawih Mizoram chhunga thil thleng mek ṭhenkhat te lo thlir ila.

1. Durtlang kawng chho-ah Petrol Pump: Mi hausa pakhatin Durtlang kham chho, ko sang lai tak, kawng chhak lamah Filling Station (petrol pump) atan tiin chu kham ko chu a lâi a, hei hian environment humhalh tuipuitute titi a titam hle mai. Mak deuh mai chu ni tina he lai kal tlang ṭhin, Aizawla miten a ramhmul mawina (scenic beauty) a tihbawrhban tur uiawmzia te, lei timinin chhiatna rapthlak tak a thlen mai ang tih hlauh nachang kan hre lo hi a ni.

He thil hi tunah chuan environment humhalh tuipui Aizawl khawpui chhunga chengte pawhin an vei ta viau mai. Titi pawh a luah ta viauin lei laih phalna pawh engtia hmu mai nge maw a nih le? tiin zawhna a lian ta khawp mai. Hetih lai hian helai a hma latu hi chu a demawm ber a ni lo ang. A ram a ni a, laih phalna a nei a. Lei laih tur hautak em em leh Filling station dinna tur sum tam tawk tak a nei a ni mai a. A lei laih ko minin chhiatna rapthlak tak a thlen ang tih a hlauthawng pha lo va, environment a khawih pawi a ni tih pawh a hre pha lo a ni mai. A pawimawh zawka chu geologist tuin nge he lai lei laih hi a him a ni tih lo certify tu hi le? Kan AMC lam pawh hian geologist ngaihdan lak pawh ngai ti lovin, helai kham ko sang lai takah hi chuan Filling station dah a him lo a ni tih ngaihdan nei awm tak an ni asin le. Heta ṭanga kan zir chhuah theih chu ram hruaitu tur chuan mi dik leh clean mai ni lovin, mi thiam nih tel a lo ngai khawp mai.

2. Kan lui ecosystem tichereutu motor kawng laih: Hmannia kan huan kal chu, kan kal lamin Muallungthu dai, Khumtung road chung lama Health Department (?) in kawng an laihna vung, kawngpuia rawn tlain rei lote min dang a. Haw lamah erawh chuan min dang rei viauin motor pawh min dang hnem khawp mai. Chutia min dan takah chuan motora aṭanga chhuak hlawmin kan titi hlawm a. Kawngpuia leivung rawn tla chu kawng thlang lam khamah nawr liamin, chu leivung chuan thui tak thlengin a chhilh eng duai mai a. Kan zinga awm ve Muallungthu khaw mi chuan chu leivungin thlang lama lui te (Eng lui nge ka lo zawt lo va) a chhilh chhiat tur thu leh, chu lui chu chakai tamna ṭhin a nih thu te, chakai man tur a awm theih dawn tawh loh thute pawi ti takin an sawi a. Lei vung an paihna en chuan an thil sawi chu a thleng dik dawn tih a hriat reng mai a, Muallungthu daia kawng an laih thar tawi te aṭanga leivung pawhin a thlang lui té ecosystem a tihchhiat dan tur leh, Muallungthu khuain chakai an manna a tichhe ta mai tur chu a inman lo hle mai. Chakai mai ni lo – nghate leh kaikuang ilote pawh an man ṭhin ngei ang.

Helai kawng laih tawi tein heti taka pawi a sawi theih chuan, Mizoram hmun hrang hranga NHIDCL ten kawngpui lian leh sei tak tak an laihna vungin kan luipui a khawihchhiat nasat zia te, a khawih chhiat tuartu area-a zirlaite leh YMA ten sorkara nasa taka an zualko ṭhin laiin, anni NHIDCL lamin siam ṭhat hna an thawk chuang lem lo ni awmte ka ngaihtuah a. Ruahmanna fel awm lo hmasawnnain pawi a khawih thui tur ziate sawi tur a tam hle awm e. Kan Chief Minister tharin NHIDCL in kawngpui an laih avanga kan environment, a bik takin kan lui ecosystem a tihchhiat a vei thu leh, fimkhur taka kawng lai tawh tura NHIDCL a hrilh thu han hriatte kha a lawmawm hle mai. Nasa takin kan ram environment erawh a tichereu tawhin siam ṭhat hleih theih a ni tawh si lo. World Bank project ah hi chuan leivung paih dan hi an ngai pawimawh hle a. Duhna lai laia paih lovin lei vung tawlh lohna tur hmun ruamah lei vung paihna tur dumping ground an lo ruahman vek ṭhin a, thil ṭha leh pawimawh tak a ni. Chutih lai mek erawh chuan sum duh mi ṭhenkhatten a mawng lam a khawih pawi dawn a ni tih ngaihtuah duh lovin, sum tlem te umin an ramah lei vung hi an lo paihtir leh fo mai. Duhamna pawi tak a ni.

3. Sava kaptu man an ni: February 13, 2024 a chhuak Vanglaini chanchinbu-ah chuan, nungcha humhalhtute tana thu thinṭhawng tak, lawmawm tak si a lo lang a. Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EFCC) Department chuan silai hmanga sava chi hrang hrang, 142 ngawt mai leh, thehlei 7 kaphlumtu mi pathum an man a, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 an bawhchhiat avangin Central Jail-ah an dah luh thu a ni. Sava kah nana an hman – air rifle pahnih, ulhbun pakhat leh a mu te an man tel thu leh an sava leh thehlei kah te, an silai hman thlate tarlan a ni bawk.

Sava kaptu an mante hi tleirawl hawklak ni lovin pavalai rual an ni a, ṭhangtharte hi chuan nungcha humhalh leh duat nachang hi an hre tawh khawp mai a, pavalai kan tih rualte hi thingtlang lamah pawh pawi khawih nasa ber an ni zel mai. Tunlai silaiah chuan enlenna (scope) an vuah avangin duh lai tak kah fuh chat chat theih a nih avangin, sava tamna hmunah chuan kar lovah iptepui âng hawk khawpa tam a kah thlak mai theih a ni. Hei vang hian mi changkang lo deuh chuan sorkar leh Pathian pawi khawih tih inhre phal lovin sava an kap thla ṭawk ṭawk mai a, nasa takin kan ramah sava a rèm phah ta a ni. Hetiang a nih vang hi a ni ngei ang, tun thlasikah khan zingkara kawngpuia lailen lo su zek zek ṭhin te hmuh tur a awm ta lo vin, tukhumvilik chiar noh noh pawh hriat tur a vang ta. Khua a tihar vawng vawng mai. Ecological balance a tihbuai dan phei chu mi thiamte zir tham tak a ni ngei ang.

4. Mau tuai hmanga Economy siam: Kan Horticulture department hotu te, an minister hovin Taiwan ah zinin thil tam tak an buaipui zingah mau processing lam an han zir a. Hemi chungchang hi an kawmna Youtube ka ngaithla fuh a. Chuta ka rilru tilawm deuh chu mau hi pawn lam aṭanga a chi thar lak luh ni lovin, kan mau neihsa hman ṭangkai a tuipui thu a sawi a. He lam hi hmanah Mizoram Science Journal-ah ka ziak tawh a, thing/thlai (plant) lam a ni emaw, ramsa (animal) a ni emaw species thar – exotic species lak luh hi fimkhur a ngai em em a, ram changkangah phei chuan kum reife chhung hung bik chhungah khungin an enthla phawt a, pawi a khawih lovin natna hri a rawn keng lut lo tih an hriat chian hnu ah chauh chin pun/vulh pun turin an ti thin a. Tin, a tualto – indigenous species hi kum rei tak chhung sik leh sa nasa tak ( extreme climate) lo tuar khawchhuak tawh an nih avangin an tlo ber nge nge in natna hri pawh an do thei bik a. Chuvangin ‘Home sweet home” tiin an ram tualto hi a theih ang angin an lo chawilar hram hram thin.

Mau hi kum 3 ah a puitling mai a, kumtin a tuai leh zel a, a puichang zuah rei a nih chuan a tuai a rawn chhuah chak loh phah a. Sah zel hi thil tha tak a ni. Kan Chief Minister hmasa khan mau hlutna (potential) hi a lo man fuh khawp mai a. Pawn lam atanga a chi thar chawk luh a ti kha a hlawhtlinpui lo phah ta niin a lang a, a pawi khawp mai.

Ti leh thin ila, Prof. Nitea khan mau sawngbawlna kawngah khan an tuipui ber pakhat chu mau tuai sawngbawl kha a nih thu a sawi a. A kawmtu in mautuai kan lak nasat lutuk chuan a rem mai a hlauhawm lo maw… ti a a zawhna kha a chhang mam ta lo deuh in ka hria. Mau expert a nih loh avangin a thiamawm tho mai. Hriat atana tha chu mau tuai hi khawrh then lovin zuah zel ta ila a hlawk dawn lo zawk mai ni lovin lei tha leh boruak intamchhuahin an thatpui lo zawk thei. Chuvangin awmze nei tak, a bit lutuk tur khawrh then (controlled thinning) hi a hrisel zawk nan leh a kung pawh a len zawk nan a tha hrim hrim a. Chuvangin mau tuai hi khawrh nasa pawh ni ila, mahniin mau hmun neih a, awmze nei taka kan khawrh chuan mau tihrem chu a hlauhawm lo hle dawn a ni. Zoramin kan hlawkpui tham turin kan minister leh a hote hian mau hi han buaipui tak tak teh se. Kan ram leilung tichhe theitu tur sawhthing chin aiin mau hmun siam te hi hlawk fe zawk turin han sual chhuak se a duhawm hle mai.

5. Ka vei ngai bawk–Tuihna humhalh: Kum 2021 ah khan Mizoram Science Journal ah leh Vanglaini chanchinbu-ah te ka lo ziak tawh a. Kum thenkhata ruahthimpui sur hun tawh, April thla tawp lam thleng khan kum 2021 ah khan khua la khengin Zoram hmun hrang hrangah kang mei a chhuak chuah chuah mai a nih kha. Kan tlang sang ber Phawngpui chu a kan nasat avangin mizopa tlawmngaihnain khaw hrang hrangin thelh tum mahse, thelh mih zawh a nih loh avangin a thelh turin sorkar laipui lam pun a ni a. Dt. 28.4.2021 a IAF helicopter in kang an rawn thelh dawnin beidawnthlak takin kan luipui-ah te tui chawi tur an hmu zo lo tep ta mai. Chutih laiin kan lui neih lian leh sei ber Tlawng lui chu a kam nasat em avangin Aizawl khawpuiah leh Lunglei lamah pawh khawpui chawmna tur tui, pump tur kan haihchham hman tep ta. Thaw a pik hman tak meuh a nih kha.

Kha kan chhiat tawhna in min zirtir tha tak erawh chu tui hna humhalh pawimawh zia a takin kan hre ta a. Tui hna humhalh tura tangkai ber leh a awm chhun ni a kan ngaih – ram ngaw humhalh leh ram ngaw siam tura thing phun uar chu kan au hla ber a ni ta a nih kha. Chhiat kan tawhna azara harh tharna kan chang kha a hlu hle thung mai.

Thing phun kan inzirtir lai hian thing phunin tui hna engtinnge a siam tih kan hriat loh avang erawh in kan bawh sual palh ang tih erawh a la hlauhawm reng mai. Tuihna siam nan khawtlangin tuikhur hnarah changel te kan phun a ni awm e. Kan inpekna nasa tak kha a thlawn mai ang tih hlauhawm hle. Mi nawlpuiin kan ngaihdan ang lo takin “Thing kung hian tui hna a siam lo” ti ila kan awih lo hlawm viau ang a, mahse a dik tlat si. Thing hian lei chhunga tui kha hipchhuakin boruakah a phuhchhuak (transpire) reng a, thing thang chak ho teak ang chi te phei chuan lei a tichar chak thei hle. Ram changkang thenkhat pawhin social forestry an tih nasat avangin an tui hna a tlem phah zawk hlauh thung!!!

Chu ti thing phun hian engtinnge tui hna a siam tak le? Tui hna siamtu ber chu ruah sur, lei chunga luang ral (surface run off) lova lei chhunga lut kha a ni a. Lei chhunga a luh tam poh leh tui hna a tam mai dawn a ni. Lei chhunga ruahtui lut kha lei hnuai a lei leh lung inthuahthip – aquifer zone ah a lut a. He aquifer zone a tui a luh hnem poh leh he layer a tui chim chin (water table) kha a lo sang a. Muangchangin lei pawn lam, nekna a nepna lai-ah a lo put chhuak leh a. Hei hi tuikhur leh luia tui hna lo siamtu ber chu a ni ta a ni.

Tichuan kan zawhna–thing phunin tuihna a siam dan chu, Ngaw a chhah chuan a hnuaiah hnahthel leh a tang ro tla a lo chhah a, chu chu a lo tawih (decompose) a, lei a chang mek, thawp (muk lo) tak (duff) khan ruah lo tla kha luang ral lo turin a lo hip tang a. Hei vang hian ngaw hnuaiah chuan tuihawk a luang mawh khawp a nih hi. Kha duff in tui a hipkhawm kha muangchangin lei chhungrilah a lo lut a, tui hna a lo siam ta a ni.

Thingin tuihna a siam dan dang leh chu thing awm lohna lei charah chuan ni a sa bik em em a, kha ni sa khan lei chung lama tui awm (lei hnawng) kha a em rova, lei chhungah put lut lovin tuihu-ah a chang a, boruakah a thamral leh thin a. Khatiang thleng tur kha thing khan a lo veng thin a ni. Tin, thing to that lohna hmun awih-ah ruahtui a luh hnem chuan thil pawi tak, lei min a siam thin a, thing zung hian lei a phuarkhawm avangin lei min tur vengtu tha tak a ni.

Thing phun ni lo tuihna siam dan dang a awm thei em?

Awm teh reng e. Sawi tawh angin tui hna siamtu chu lei chhunga tui luang lut/hnam lut kha a ni a. Lei chhunga tui a luh tam poh leh tui hna a pung chak dawn a ni mai. Lei chhunga tui luh tam tir nana hma lak dan hrang hrang tawi te te in lo thlir ila –

a) Dil leh tui khuah siam (Percolation tank and check dam): Tuihawk leh kawr te (stream) a tui luangral tur kha khuah a nih chuan tui kha lei chhungah lutin tui hna siamna tha tak a ni. Kan huanah te hian a lu lamah fur tui hi khuap zel ila, kan huan lei a tihnawng in tui hna a siam thei dawn a ni. India ram state ro leh thlaler ber Rajasthan chuan tui luang ral tur lo khuah te, a zawl laia ruahtui ring dil siam hi an ching thar a. Hei hian nasa takin tui hna a siam thar leh a ni. Ram ro tak hmunah pawh tui hna an siam pung thei a nih chuan ruah tui tlak tamna kan ramah hian tui hna tihpun dan hi chu awm ngei tur a ni.

b) Tui kawng sial (Contour Ploughing): Mual a tuihawk luang thla tur dan nan mual-ah a kham zawngin tui kawng an lai a, chuta tui tling chu muang changin leiah a put lut a. A chuan hnuai lam lei a tihnawngin tui hna awlsam takin a siam thei thin. Hei hi kan la tih chhin ngai loh tak a ni a. Khaw tin hian han tichhin ila, kar lovah kan tui hna hi a pun ngei a rinawm.

d) Ruah tui khawl (Rain water harvesting): Rain water harvesting tih hian inchung tui lo khawl hi rilru-ah a lang ber fo thin. Khaw kar kawngpui a ruahtui tla hi fur lai chuan a fim khawp mai a, khang kha lo lakhawmin tuikhuah an siam a. Thlai chawm nan a tangkai hle. Thlai chawm nana lui tui lo lak pen a tlem phah mai ni lovin tuikhuah atanga lei chhunga tui lut kha tui hna siamtu tha tak a ni.

a) Permanent farming: Lo atana kum tin ram vah chereu loh nan lo/huan nghet neih hi pawimawh tak a ni. Ram ngaw tangkaina kan hre tawh a, sawi zau lo mai ila. Kan sawrkar kal tawh zawng zawng pawh khan permanent farming hi policy-ah chuan an nei thin a. Environment humhalh aia vote humhalh a la pawimawh zel avangin a la hlawhtling thei lo mai pawh a ni. Lo vah tihtawp dan awlsam leh hlawk ber tur chu, thlai leh thei hralhna nghet sorkarin ruahman se, kut hnathawktu-in hlawk lo chung chunga kum tin lo vat a, buh a chin hi chu an sim vat ngei ang.

Aw le, sawi tur leh hma lak dan tur dang tam tak pawh a awm ngei ang. Tui in tlak (ti mai ila) potable water hi khawvelah a vang chho tawlh tawlh a. Nakin lawkah chuan khawvel sorkar te indona chhan ber tur pawh tui thianghlim inchuhna vang a ni dawn niin a zir mi te chuan an sawi. Kan rama tui thianghlim tak, phai rama mi ten an neih leh dawn ve phak loh hi a kang chah hma in humhalh a ngai tak meuh a ni.

- Dr. R. Lalengmawia

Govt. Zirtiri Science College