Vaihlo: Mihring hmelma lian (World No Tobacco Day - May 31, 2024 pual)

THEME

Protecting children from tobacco industry interference

Khawvel mihringte hriselna tichhetu lian ber chu vaihlo a ni. Kum tin mihring maktaduai 8 chuangin an thihpui a, chu'ng zinga maktaduai 7-te chu anmahniin vaihlo an hman vang a ni a, maktaduai 1.3 chu mi dangte mei zuk khû an hîp luh (secondhand smoke) vanga thi an ni.

Vaihloah hian chemical 7,000 a awm a, 2,000 chu tûr (poison) an ni a, 80 chu cancer thlen thei an ni. Vaihlo ti ṭhin zatve zet chu vaihlo avangin an thi nge nge ṭhin. Khawvel mihring zinga 22.3%-in vaihlo an hmang a, mipaah 36.7% leh hmeichhiaah 7.8%. Kum tin heng thihna – HIV, drugs, zu, motor accident, silaia inkahna belhkhawm aiin vaihlo avanga thi an tam zawk zel. Vaihlo chi hrang hrang – zuk chi, hmuam chi, ei chi, a chhuak thar - taksa tan an hlauhawm vek. Mei zu ṭhinte hi a zu ve lo aiin kum 10 chuangin an dam rei lo zawk.

Retheihna tizualtu, economy tichhetu ber pakhat a ni. Vaihlo lei nana senso bakah natna an vei inenkawl nan te, hrisel lohna avanga mi hna thawk thei lova a siam avanga sum hlohte chhutin, kum tin US dollars 1.4 trillion (trillion 1 = 1 million million) lai vaihlo avangin a luang ral a; chu chu khawvela annual GDP aṭangin 1.8% zet a ni. Heng sum hloh zinga 40% zet hi ram changkang lo zawka thleng a ni.

A. NATNA HRANG HRANG A THLENTE

1. Vaihlo & Cancer:

Cancer zawng zawng 30% thlentu a ni. Cancer 20 chuang a thlen thei – chuap (lung), hmui (lip), ka chhung (mouth), lei, dang, hrawk, hnar, chaw dâwt, thawkna dâwt, aw bâwm (oropharynx, tongue, palate, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity), chaw dâwt (esophagus), pumpui (stomach), thin (liver), rilbawh (pancreas), kal (kidney), phîng (bladder), thisen cancer (myeloid leukemia), chhul hmâwr (cervix), rîlpui leh tai (colo-rectal), hnute (breast). Mei zu zingah chuap cancer a let 25-in a tam a, chuap cancer 90% chu mei zuk vanga awm a ni.

National Cancer Registry Programme report-ah chuan Mizoram hi cancer hluar berna state kan ni a; a bikin chuap cancer, pumpui cancer, chaw dâwt cancer, hrawk cancer, chhûl hmâwr cancer, rilpui leh tai cancer-ahte kan sang hle. A chhan bulpui ber chu vaihlo kan hman nasat vang a ni.

2. Lung (heart) leh thisen zam natna

Tunlaia natna mite thihpui tam ber chu heart attack leh stroke a ni a. Mei zu miin heart attack leh stroke a let 2-4 velin an nei duh. Thisen zâm a tichhia a, a tiphui a (atherosclerosis) - lung natna, BP sang, kal natna, thluak natna leh kea thisen zâm natnate a thlen duh hle.

3. Mei zukin chuap a khawih chhe nasa:

Mei zuk hian chuap (lungs) a khawih chhe nasa thei hle. Chuap natna benvawn, dam thei lo, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) an nei duh hle, a let 12-13 in a titam. COPD hian thawhah, oxygen tel lova thâwk theih loh, khuh benvawn, thâwk zawnga ri berh berh, ri ṭep ṭep, hah hma a thlen a; damlo chuan harsatna tinreng an nei ṭhin. Mei zu ṭhin zinga 25%-in COPD an nei a, thihpui an tam hle. COPD 80% hi mei zuk vang a ni. Mei zukin asthma a tizual a, covid-19 an vei duh bik. Mei zu mite’n TB natna an vei awl a, a hlauhawm (serious) duh zawk bawk.

4. Natna dangte:

Nau pai laia mei zukin nauteah hengte hi a thlen thei - thla kim lova nau piang, naute thisaa piang, naute tê/sawngnawi, naute thih thutna, nauchhiat, naute hmui leh dang kak.

Hmeichhe mei zu ṭhinte’n heng hi an nei thei bawk – nau pai theih loh (ching), chi kawnga nau pai, upat hnua ruh mawih.

Heng bakah mipa tan - pâ theih lohna, chi hûtna, ha leh ka chhung natna, ka rimchhia, cataract (mitpual) leh mit natna hrang hrang, zunthlum (diabetes), natna do theihna (immunity) tlahniam, Alzheimer’s disease leh dementia dangte. Vun a tichuar, hmel a tichhia, mi a tilang upa, vun thak (psoriasis), pumpui nâ, pumpui ulcer leh pum lam ṭhat lohna hrang hrang. Zai (surgery) an tawhin an dam har bik thei bawk.

Mei zuk khu aṭanga chemical-te hi dawhkanah te, bangah te, kawrah te, furniture-ahte a châmbâng a; hei hi naupang leh puitlingte’n an khawih leh a, natna hlauhawm tak tak a thlen ṭhin (thirdhand smoke). Meizial bung paihte pawh túr hlauhawm tak tak vek a ni a, environment an tichhe nasa hle.

B. MIZORAMAH VAIHLO A HLUAR:

Rampum huap chhui chianna (survey) hrang hrang neih tawh ṭhinah Mizoram chu India rama vaihlo hluarna ber kan ni zel.

• Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS):

GATS-1 (2009-10)-ah chuan Mizoramah vaihlo ti ṭhin (tobacco in any form - zuk, hmuam, ei) 67.2% kan ni a, India ramah pakhatna kan ni. Min dawttu chu Nagaland (56.8%) an ni a, ti tlem ber chu Goa (9%) a ni a, India ram chawhrual chu 35% a ni.

GATS-2 (2016-17)-ah vaihlo tih ching Mizoramah 58.7%-ah kan tla thla tawh a, India ram pumah pahnihna kan ni a, pakhatna chu Tripura (64.5%).

• Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS): GYTS-4 ah India rama kum 13-15 inkar zuk leh hmuam ti ṭhin 14.6% an awm laiin Mizoramah chuan 57.9% lai an awm. India ramah Arunachal Pradesh nen pakhatna kan ni. Kum 13-15 zinga mei zu ṭhinte hian an zuk ṭan kum chawhrual chu kum 11.1 a ni.

• National Family Health Survey (NFHS): NFHS-5 (2019-20)-in kum 15-49 inkarte dinhmun a zirchiannaah chuan Mizoramah mipa zinga 72.9% leh hmeichhe zinga 61.6%-in zuk leh hmuam an ti a, India ram pumah chuan mipa zinga 38% leh hmeichhe zinga 8.9% in zuk leh hmuam an ti. India ramah pakhatna kan ni.

C. TOBACCO INDUSTRY-TE'N NAUPANG LEH ṬHALAITE AN TARGET

Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah vaihlo duh lohna a lo nasat tak zel avangin vaihlo siamtu (tobacco industry)-te’n, an sumdawnna tlachhe zel tur ven nan sum tam tak sengin kawng hrang hrangin hma an la a, naupang leh tleirawlte abik takin an target nasa hle.

• ‘Sikret him zawk, filter, vaihlo ru lo zawk, nem zawk’ an fak mawi. Tun hnaiah ‘e-cigarettes’ abik takin ṭhalaite hip thei ang ber turin an rawn siam chhuak leh ta. E-cigarette-te hi tunlai leh nalh thei ang bera siamin, ‘a hlauhawm lo zawk’ tiin an zuar leh mek. E-cigarette te, filter, nóm chi tih zawng zawng hi hriselna atan an ṭha lo hle a ni.

• Social media leh digital media-ah celebrity-te leh influencer-te hmangin thiam takin an infak nasa. Changkang thei ang berin, ṭhalaite hîp turin ualau lo takin an promote thiam em em a ni.

• Scholarship, school programme, youth camps: Fing takin tobacco industry-te’n school leh college-a kal turte scholarship an siamsak a, social event leh concert-te an sponsor nasa. Lawmman ṭha tak tak dawn theih turin inelnate an siam.

• Ṭhalaite leh naupangte lawm turin e-cigarette-te flavor hrang hrang 1,300 chuang neiin - a thlum, thei rim nam, etc an siam chhuak. Pendrive/flashdrive ang tak, mawi tak, zûk chi ni awm lo tak, naupang toys angte’n an siam. Heng ho hi a changkang thei ang berin an zuar ṭhin.

• Film-ah, TV-ah mei zu emaw e-cigarette zu lai emaw an tihlantir a, naupang leh tleirawlte nasa takin an rilru a kaihruai ṭhin.

• Puipunnaah a thlawnin cigarette, e-cigarette sem - ṭhalaite punkhawmnaah an ti ṭhin.

• Ṭhalai ho thil hrang hrang lei ṭhinah tobacco company-te chhinchhiahna ‘logo’ tar an ching.

• Single stick: Meizial tlawn khat a loose-a zawrh hian pawisa tlem tein a lei theih a, ṭhalai zingah mei zu a tipung.

• Internet-ah an zuar. Kum 18 chung lam chauhin lei theih kha internet kaltlangin free takin an lei thei ṭhin.

E-Cigarette chu eng nge? Electronic cigarette (e-cig) hi chi hrang hrang an siam chhuak ta a, a lâr ber pahnih chu Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) leh electronic non-nicotine delivery system (ENNDS) a ni. E-cig (vape an ti bawk) thawh dan chu thil tui (chemical) kha battery hmangin a tisá a, chu chuan vapor (boruak leh tui leh chemical inchawhpawlh) a siam a, chu chu a zutuin a hîp lut ṭhin (vaping). Hengah hian nicotine (vaihloa tur hlauhawm, mi addict-tirtu ber) bakah, chemical hlauhawm tak tak a awm ṭhin. A hlauhawm lo chi, hlauhawm lo zawk, meizial thlakna, mei ngheina, titein an zuar a, mi tam tak an bum ṭhin. Vaihlo ṭhat lohna tam tak kan sawi tawh kha an nei a, hetiang tih hian a let thumin mei pangngai an zûk phah duh zawk. Thih thutna chi khat ‘e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI)’ a thlen nasa hle. Hengah hian chemical hlauhawm tak tak a awm a, nicotine hi naupang ṭhang mek thluak tan a ṭha lo em em a ni. WHO chuan mei ngheina hmanruaa hman tlak loh a ti a, vaihlo company-te’n naupang zawk leh ṭhalaite an bumna hmanruaah an pawm hmiah mai. Mizote pawh hemi chungchangah hian kan fimkhur hle a ngai.

D. NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMME (NTCP):

India ram puma vaihlo donaa hmalaknaa bul tumtu tur National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) chu National Health Mission hnuaiah sorkarin a din a. Mizoramah pawh sorkar department hrang hrang te, NGO te, kohhrante leh khawtlangte nena ṭanghovin NTCP, Mizoram chuan hma theihtawpin a la ve zel. Chu'ng NGO zingah chuan vaihlo buaipuitu Indian Society on Tobacco and Health (ISTH), Mizoram hi pawl ṭangkai tak a ni. Vaihlo ṭhat lohzia vei tak tak mimal, kohhran leh pawl ṭhahnemngaite tak tak an awm bawk. School Education leh Higher & Technical Education department-te nen ṭanghovin Mizorama zirna in zawng zawngte Tobacco Free Educational Institution-a siam vek turin hma lak mek a ni a. Vaihlo dona kawngah hma tam tak lak tawh ṭhin a ni a, hmabak erawh a la ko hle. Tuna sorkarin theihtawpa tharthawh a tum hi a lawmawm tak zet a ni.

Vaihlo la ti ve lote’n an tih loh zel a pawimawh em em a, vaihlo ti ṭhinte’n an sim a pawimawh bawk. NTCP hnuaiah sim duhte tan Tobacco Cessation Clinics (TCC) chu sorkar district hospital zawng zawngah leh ZMC-ah te, Zemabawka MSCI-ahte dah a ni a. TCC-ah counselling pek te, damdawi hmanga enkawl te, zuk leh hmuam ti mekte taksaa CO (Carbon Monoxide) level ennate leh a kaihhnawih, service pawimawh dangte kalpui mek a ni.

COTPA 2003:

Vaihlo hi mihring tan a hlauhawm em avangin khawvel ram hrang hrang tih angin India pawhin khuahkhirhna dan ṭha tak- The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 a nei a, COTPA dan hnuaia section pawimawh zualte leh hremna tlangpuite lo tarlang ila:

TABLE: Vaihlo khuahkhirhna dan COTPA, 2003 bawhchhiate hremna:)

TLIPNA:

Khawvel ram changkang zawkah vaihlo ṭhat lohna an hriat chian zel avangin vaihlo ti mi an tlem tial tial. Hemi avangin tobacco company-te’n man beh tumin ṭhalai leh naupangte an bitum ta hi a pawi em em a, kan fa te, kan naute theihtawpa kan venhim a pawimawh tak zet. Vaihlo, mihring hmelma lian ber hi Mizorama a lo tlem theih nan theihtawp i chhuah tlang ang u.

Hrechiang duh chuan National Tobacco quitline 1800 112 356-ah emaw smokefreemizoram@gmail.com ah zawhfiah theih a ni.

- Dr Eric Zomawia, Dr H. Lianthangpuia, Lalremruata