SPACE TECHNOLOGY HMAN ṬANGKAI (India Space Policy 2023)

Zomato mobile app hmangin ei tur i chah tawh em? A nih loh leh i kalna tur kawng i hriat chian loh avangin GPS i hmang tangkai tawh em? Mobile phone-ah i awmna hmun i chhu lut a, tu emaw chuan hmun hla tak aṭangin a rawn zawng hmu mai che a. TV kan en a, internet kan hmang a; hengte hi space technology hmasawnna vanga kan neih leh kan chhawr ṭangkai mek a ni.

India sulhnu

Van thengreng dai dar kawnga India sulhnu hrang hrangte hi sawi nuam a tling a, khawvel huap pawhin inchhuanna tham hnuhma kan nei chho mek zel. Thla leilung zir chiang tura Chandrayaan-3 hlawhtling taka kah chhuah a nih hnu phei kha chuan khawvelin India lam a hawi ṭhup a, budget tlemtê hmanga thla kan lawn thei kha mak an ti a ni. Cheng vaibelchhe 600 vel senga thlaa inkah kai chu thil mak tia sawi tur pawh a tling reng a. He hlawhtlinna avang hian sesno tlem zawk nena khawl thiamna (technology) ṭha neih theih beiseiin khawvel ram changkang leh hausa zawkte chuan India ramah an ring an rawn hlawh lawr zawk zawk a ni ber tawh mai.

Van lam thil (space program) hian sum a heh a, vawi leh khata hlawhtling nghal zung zung chi a ni lo bawk nen, sorkar tan pawh a hlawh chhuah tur hlawhtlinna/hlawhchhamna hre chiang lo chunga sum tam tak sen hi thil awlai a ni lo. Sawiselna tam tak a awm ve reng bawk. Mihringte tana ṭangkaina sawi mai tur awm lo, van lam thil zirna atana mipui sum tling khawm tam tak hman hi ṭul ti lova sawisel bawng bawng tawk an awm ve reng a ni.

January thla (2024) khan Faridabad, Haryana-ah India rama science inkhawmpui lian ber, India International Science Festival nghah a ni a, state leh UT hrang hrang aṭanga Science & Technology lama thawkte an fuan khawm a. Kei pawhin hotute duhsakna changin he hun hi ka chhim ve a ni. India thlalawng Chandrayaan-3 a hlawhtlin theihna tura a thluak bur pawimawh ber, ISRO Chairman Pu S. Somnath-a khan inhmuhkhawm tawp niah thu rawn sawiin, amah kawmna hun remchang kan nei thei hlauh mai a. Scientific research tih nana sum tam tak kan seng ṭhin leh chumi chungchanga mite sawiselna chungchang hetiang hian a sawi.

“Science thiamna hmanga khuarel finna mak leh ropui tak tak kan hmuh chhuah rual hian kan nihna leh theihna kan inhmu chhuak tel ve zel a. Mihringte'n theihna kan neih sanzia hi kan la hmu chhuak zel dawn a ni. Scientific research tih nana sum tam tak sen hi mi ṭhenkhat chuan an sawisel ṭhin a, kawng khata ngaihtuah chuan a awm bawk e. Hetah (India) rethei leh harsa tak tak, ni tin chaw ei khawp pawh nei mang lo tam tak an awm laia van chanchin zir nana sum tak sen chu a atthlak ti an lo awm a nih pawhin dem lutuk tur an ni bik lo ang. Thla chanchin kan zir pawh hian mihringte tan ṭangkaina leh hlawkna a nei nghal lo mai thei. Amaherawhchu, hetianga finna leh thiamna sang tak kan paw chhuak thei a ni tih kan lantir hian inrintawkna min pe a. Keimahni chauh ni loin kan thawhpui te, kan chhehvela awmte leh mipui nawlpuite pawhin India theihna avanga inrintawkna leh thlamuanna an lo neih phah thin. Scientist-te'n eng natna emaw tihdamna damdawi an hmu chhuak tih kan hriatte hian chu natna chu vei ve kher lo mah ila, awm hmunah kan lo thlamuanpui ṭhin. ‘Kan mithiamte'n chumi chu an ti thei’ tih hriatna hian mi tam tak tan rilru muanna a pe a, India space program pawh hi chutiang chu a ni.”

Mi thusawi sawi chhawng a ni lo bawk a, a ngaihnawmin pawm a nuam khawp mai. A ni lah tak a, India-in nuclear bomb a enchhinte khan, an tia lawm, khawvel ram danga nuclear bomb an enchhin aiin Rajasthan thlaler hmuna an enchhin kha India mite tan chuan puak hnai zawk tak a ni a, mahse, bomb puak hnai zawk kha kan thlamuanpui zawk tlat. Kan scientist-te'n nuclear bomb an siam thiam a, an tipuak ve thei tih hriatna khan min tithlamuang a nih chu. Ṭhenawma current siam thiam neihte hi hlu deuh asin; kan chhiat palh pawhin hnai takah koh tur, current siam thiam a awm tih kan hre tlat. Kan peng thui lutuk dawn e, thupuiah lut leh tawh ila.

India Space Policy 2023

Space program lamah India a che ṭha chho viau tih kan hre tawh a, sum leh pai a heh tih pawh kan sawi tawh kha. Space program chuan a huam zau khawp mai a; ni leh thla leh kan universe-a thil dangte zir chian bakah leilung chanchin zirtu thla lem (satellite) chi hrang hrang kah chhuah hi a ki pui ber a ni awm e. Khawvel hmasawnna kal zelah hian kawng engkimah space technology mamawhna a lo sang a. Thlai chin, zirna, inbiakpawhna, veivahna, hriselna, chhiatrup invenna, hnathawh vil leh endikna, leh a dangte. Engkim mai hi space technology tel lo chuan a awm thei tawh lo ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo e. Tun hma chuan space program hi mimal leh pawlte tana luh ve theih loh turin sorkarin a ta neih bur mai thin a. Amaherawhchu, mamawhna sang zel leh senso tam bawk si chu sorkar tan tih sen a lo ni ta lo a. He lama tui leh mithiam tam zawk an luh theih nan space program huang chu zauhin India Space Policy 2023 duan chhuah a lo ni ta a ni. Policy-in a tum tlangpuite han tarlang ila.

i) Hmathlir: Mihring nun kawng tinrengah space technology nasa zawka hman ṭangkai a nih theih nan hma lak a ni ang. Sumdawnna leh eizawnna siam belh kawngah te, ram dang nena thawhhona ṭha zawk neih kawngah te, ei leh bar tihhmasawn nan te, ram chhung himna tihchak nan te, kan chhehvel (environment) siam ṭhat leh vawn him nan te, a thiam leh tui apiangte'n mumal taka hma an lak theih nan ruahmanna siam a ni ang.

ii) Kalphung riruang: India Space Policy 2023-in a tum lian ber chu private company (non-government entities - NGE)-te tana space program-a zuan luhna hun remchang siam a ni a. Hemi atan hian a ṭul angin sorkarin puihna hrang hrang - sum leh pai, puitu mithiam, hmunhma, khawl hman tur, etc. a pe ang.

iii) IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion & Authorisation Centr): India Space Policy 2023 a hlawhtlin theih nana thawktu pawimawh tak chu IN-SPACe hi a ni a, sorkar autonomous body a ni. Sorkar thuchhuak te, ram leh hnam himna (national security) te, ram dang nena inlaichinnate ngaihtuah chungin space program chungchanga inkaihhruaina a siam ang a, sumdawnna tihawlsam kawngah pawh theihtawpin hma a la ang. Space program-a tel duh, puihna mamawhte chu IN-SPACe kaltlangin ṭanpui ṭhin an ni ang a, zirna in leh private company-te nena thawh ho dan tur pawh a ṭul ang zelin a ngaihtuah ṭhin ang. ISRO-in technology a siam chhuah hrang hrangte chu a hmang ṭangkai thei turte'n a hun takah an chhawr theih nan ruahmanna a siam ṭhin ang a, space program hnuaiah NGE tam thei ang ber an tel theih nan hma a la ṭhin ang.

iv) ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chu kan hriat lar sa a ni a, space program chungchanga sulsutu pawimawh ber a ni. Van sang lawng siam te, satellite kah chhuah te, space technology hman ṭangkai dan tur kawnga ngaihtuahna sengtu lian ber a ni. Space Policy 2023 hnuaiah hian van sang aṭanga leilung thlalak, ground sampling distance (GSD) meter 5 chin chu a duh apiang tan a thlawna en theih turin ISRO hian a buatsaih ang tih a ni a. Hei hi tunah a la theih vek loh a nih pawhin hun rei lo teah a hlawhtlinna hmuh beisei ila. GSD awmzia - van sang aṭanga satellite in leilung thla a lak hian thlalak chu kil li nei bâwm te reuh te te (pixel)-ah an ṭhen hrang a. GSD 5 meter tih awmzia chu - chung bawm te reuh te te inkar hlat zawng chuan leilunga meter 5 inkar zau zawng a hen tihna a ni. Chu aia fiah (GSD tlem zawk) duh tan pawh ISRO hnena dilin a la neih theih cheu bawk. GSD a tlem pauh leh leilung thlalak kan hmu chiang thei dawn tihna a nih ber chu.

Kan sawi tak ang khan, India chuan senso tlem zawk nen van lam a hawi thei tih an hriat avangin khawvel ram dangte'n India thiamna leh ruhrel rawn chhawr ṭangkai an tum nasa hle a. Ram dang satellite an kah chhuahsakna aṭang ringawtin ISRO hian sum maktaduai tel a la lut tawh a ni. Satellite kah chhuah mai ni loin, space technology lamah zau zawka investment tih duh an pung zel a, chung mite lo dawnsawn nan chuan India chuan space sector bik atan Foreign Direct Investment policy a buatsaih leh mek bawk.

Space Policy 2023 hman ṭan a nih hnu hian a policy-in a tum ang ngeiin private company an pung chak hle. Tun dinhmunah hian space program lama intât lut company 200 chuang zet an awm tawh a ni. ISRO scientist pakhat chuan ISRO bansanin company a din a, anmahni siam satellite kap chhuakin, an chhehvela loneitute ram neih dan chanchin kimchang tak chu van lam aṭangin an zir chiang a, chhinchhiahna (data) mumal tak an siam a ni. Chung an data-te chu bank lamin an lo chhawr a, loneitute hnena loan an pek dawnah an hmang ṭangkai ṭhin hle a ni awm e. Ram leilung awm dan, awih tlan nge phai zawl, tuihna a awm hnai em, sik leh sa danglam dan eng ang nge tih leh zir chianna tehfung hrang hrang hmangin chu lai ram chuan thlai a thar hlawk thei ang em, loan pek chi a ni ang em tihte an hre thei ṭhin a, hriat chian lawk theih loh (risk) vanga loan pek sual tur eng emaw zat a veng thei a ni. Kawng dang hrang hrangah space technology hman ṭangkaina tur a awm bawk.

Space technology, kan ram tan

Khuarel chhiatna: Tun hnaiah cyclone Remal ken tel thli leh ruahsur nasa tak avangin kan ramin chhiatna kan tawk nasa hle a, a pawi tak zet a ni. Hemi ruala mipui mimir titi leh vantlang ralbiakna (social media) hrang hranga thawm ring ber chu - kan chhehvel leilung leh ramngaw kan tihchhiat nasat thu leh chumi vanga chhiatna a thlen nasatzia a ni. Hei hi a dik thui viau niah pawh a ngaih theih. Space technology thiamna hmangin heng hi kan tih theih a rinawm:

i) Tuilianin a nghawng tawh leh nghawng theih chinte mumal taka chhinchhiah ni se. Tun hnuah hemi huam chhungah hian in leh lo, huan leh ruhrel lian, channa nasa tak thlen thei turte din belh a nih tawh loh nan dan fel tak siam ni thei se. Ruahsur nasa vanga tuilian thleng thei chungchanga inthâwt lawkna (early warning system) ṭha tak kan neih a ngai niin a lang a; hemi lama thawktu leh mi thiamte an chet zung zung theih nan ruhrel leh hmanrua lamah pawh inthuam chak a ṭul ang.

ii) Ramngaw kan neih dan hi hunbi mumal tak neiin chhinchhiah thar (update) ṭhin ni se. Tun hnai ruah surah khan zan khat thil thuah Tlawng kuang a khat liam pung pung a ni ber mai a, turu tak a ni! Hei hi lei chunglánga ruahtui luang ral tur lo dang khawmuangtu tur ramngaw kan neih that loh vangah mi tam tak chuan an ngai a, a dik viau mai thei. Ruahsur kha a tam ve hrim hrim bawk. Khawiah nge ngaw siam belh kan ngaih, engtia hma lak tur nge tih kan hriat thiam theih nan scientific data rintlak leh tharlam kan mamawh niin a lang.

iii) Kan buaina lian ber chu ruahsur nasa vanga leimin hi a ni awm e. Leimin hlauhawmna laite hi tun aia chiang leh chipchiar zawka chhinchhiah theih ni se. Chung hmunahte chuan in leh chhiatna thlen thei tur thil dang din a nih loh nan dan khauh tak ken kawh ni se. Aizawl leh a chhehvel bikah chuan ruahsur eng zatin nge leimin chhiatna thlen thei tih zir chiannate pawh a awm tawh a, Mizoram pum tan hengte hi zir chianna zau zawk neih ni thei se. Chung hmang ṭangkai chuan a hmaa kan sawi tawh, inthâwt lawkna mumal tak siam ṭhin ni se.

iv) Mipui hnena zirtirna inpek nan ṭangkai takin a hman theih. Hmasawnna hnathawh vanga leilung chhiatna thleng mek te, khuarel chhiatna vanga harsatna kan tawh dante hi satellite thlalak aṭangin awlsam takin kan nei thei ang a. A nghawng chu eng ang taka na nge tih mipui vantlangin kan hriat chuan kan chhehvel duat kawngah leh inralrinna kawngah nasa takin hma kan sawn phah ngei a rinawm.

Thil dangah: Sawi sen a ni awm lo e. Tunah hian chhak leh chhim lamah insumdawn tawnna tur lamlian a thlur seng sung tawh a. Hmar lam kawtchhuahah pawh kawngpui lian thlur li kan beisei mek a, rel kawng pawhin kan Aizawl khawpui a hnaih sawt khawp mai. Ruhrel lian – kawng, lei leh building bakah ramri kâna mihring leh bungraw phur che vel thlithlai nan space technology hmang ṭangkai tura nasa taka kan inthuam a pawimawh hlein a rinawm. Venhimnaah pawh nasa takin kan ṭangkaipui thei ang.

America-ah chuan bungraw phur truck liante hi ni khata an tlan thui theih chin bituk ṭhin a ni a. An thlen chin chu hmunpui lam aṭanga an lo hriat vek avangin khawi lai emawa traffic tâwt lutuk tur ven kawngah te, lirthei leh bungraw him leh him loh te, check gate-a lirthei kaltlang zat hriat hriat zung zung nan te a ṭangkai hle. Hei hian dan phal loha chet velna pawh eng emaw chen a veng nghal thei ang. Kan beisei thiam zat aia tam mah hi ramriah lirthei rawn lut nguah nguah se la, awmze mumal tak neia lo kilkawi turin kan inring hman ang em?

Eizawnna hi kan harsatna tawh lian berte zinga mi a ni chho dawn niin a lang. A bikin ṭhalaite tan eizawnna kawng dap zau a ngai tial tial. A ngaihna hriate tana kawng zau tak inhawng mekah space technology hman thiamna hian ṭhalai tam tak tan eizawnna a siam mek tawh. Ṭhalaite'n training mumal tak kan neih theih nan ruahmanna ṭha kan mamawh ang.

Hlawk zawk leh mumal zawka thlai chin nan te, hriselna ruhrel ṭha zawk leh ruahmanna ṭha siam nan te, zirna tihhmasawn nan te, inbiakpawhna ṭha zawk kan neih nan te, chhiatrupna laka inven nan te, eizawnna kawng zau zawk hawn nan leh kawng dang tam takah space technology hian bung thar min kaipui thei ngeiin a rinawm a. Chu chu khawvel ram changkang zawkte pawhin an buaipui mek a ni.

- Joel Lalbiakkima, Scientific Officer, DST