PUBLIC POLICY

Danpui kan tih mai Constitution of India hi India-in 15th August, 1947-a British awpna hnuai aṭanga zalenna a hmuh hnu 26th January, 1950 aṭangin kan hmang tan a nih kha. Constitution siamtu Constituent Assembly chuan kan ram, India ram hi Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic turin min duansak a ni. Constitution hi Constituent Assembly-in min ziah chhuahsak ni mah se, mipuite’n kan inrelbawl nan kan inpek a ni tih hi chiang hle ila a ṭha awm e. (see Preamble)

Preamble kan en chuan kan Constitution kaltlangin India ram mipui hian social (awm ho/ chen honaah) te, economic (ei leh bar)-ah te, politics (ram inrelbawlna) te, justice (rorelna dik)-te inpek kan intiam a ni. Ngaihtuahna te, ngaihdan sawi chhuahnaah te, sakhua rinna leh biak kawngahte zalenna kan inpe a; dinhmun (status) leh opportunity hrang hrangahte kan intluk tlang ang kan ti bawk.

Heng zawng zawng piahah hian inunauna leh inpumkhatna (fraternity and integrity) hi kan dah sang ber a, chu mi lam hawi chuan kan ngaihtuahna pawh kan seng tur a ni. Kei ni Mizorama chengte hi chu hemi lam hawi hian kan ngaihtuahna kan seng tlem hle a, hnam bil thlirin kan thlir a, kan politics pawhin chumi lam chu a hawi zel rih a, Indian nihnaahte hian kan la chiang lo hle. India ram hi ram (country) pakhat a ni a, nation pakhat chiah a awm a, chu chu Indian tih a ni. Indian kan nihna zawn aṭang hian nation dang din tumna leh nation dang anga kan inngaihna hi paih a ṭul tawh hle. Hetiang ngaihtuahna hi a anti-national a, integrity (inpumkhatna) a tichhia a ni. Thuhmahruai lam hi chu duh tawk rih phawt ila, kan subject ‘Policy making’ lam hi i han thlur bing dawn teh ang.

Public policy (government policy) hi eng dang ni loin dan (act & laws) hi a ni a, legislator-te’n dan an siam reng rengin thil tihhlawhtlin tur, tum felfai tak a nei ṭhin a; dante hi Constitution behchhan zela siam a ni ṭhin. Tun dinhmunah hian Indian Constitution hi Part 25-a ṭhen niin, Article 448 a awm mek. Part III-ah Fundamental Rights chungchang a inziak a, Part IV(A)-ah Fundamental Duties a inziak bawk. Part IV-ah hian tuna kan sawi tum innghahna tur bik Directive Principles of State Policy a in ziak a ni. Heta state a tih hi sorkar a sawina a ni a, union sorkar te, state sorkar te, UT sorkar te, municipal te, district council-te hi a ni.

DPSP hnuaiah hian mipuite tana ṭha turin legislature-te’n dan min siamsak ṭhin a. Amaherawhchu, kan hriat reng tur chu eng dan siam mah hian kan Fundamental Rights hi min bawhchhiatsak tur a ni lo tih hi. Chumi awmzia chu, Part III (Fundamental Rights) hi sorkar tan chuan negative obligation a ni a (Constitution-in sorkar hnenah i tibuai tur a ni lo a ti a ni), DPSP erawh hi positive obligation a ni ve thung a (Constitution chuan sorkar hnenah i ti tur a ni a ti ve thung). Sorkar dan siamin Fundamental Rights a bawhchhiat chuan high court-ah emaw Supreme Court-ah emaw kan khing thei a ni (under Article 226 for High Court and Article 32 for Supreme Court), Article 39(a) leh Article 39(b) hnuai dan siam a nih erawh chuan khin theih a ni lo (Article 31(B)-a 9th Schedule hnuaia dah reng reng hi judicial review a awm thei lo). DPSP erawh Article 37 kan en chuan Constitution-in sorkar ti tura a phut a tih loh hian court-ah kan khing thei lo a, amaherawhchu, mipui court-ah kan khing thei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu, sorkarin mipui tana ṭha tur a dan siamte (legislative function), hna a thawh lohtein (executive function) election-ah kan khing thla thei ṭhin. Constiutution chuan mipuite kan ṭhat tlanna tur berin sorkarin hma a la tur a ni a ti.

Kan sawi hmaih theih hauh loh tur chu India ram hian separation of powers system kan hmang a (see Article 50). Chumi awmzia chu thuneihna/thiltihtheihna (power) hi legislature, executive leh judiciary-ahte ṭhen hran a ni. NGO-ah hian a thuneitu sang ber chu general body a ni a, general body-a thu tihtlukte bawhzui turin executive body kan nei leh thin ang hian, sorkar (union or state or any other local body)-ah pawh kan aiawh a kan thlan MP, MLA, MDC, etc. te hi general body an ni a, an rorelte chu executive (minister, executive member, etc)-te’n a hlawhtlin nan an bawhzui ṭhin. House-a rorel tura an ṭhutkhawm hian mipui rorel an ni tihna a nih chu. Kan State Assembly-ah hi chuan budget bill-ah lo hi chuan ro kan rel khât hle a, executive body-in an hnathawhte a ṭhat leh ṭhat loh kan review vel mai mai bakah, kan inchirhtheh kual vel mai mai ṭhin ni berin a lang.

India ram hian kan inrelbawl nan federal system (thuneihna sem zai) kan hmang a. Subject hrang hranga thuneihna hi union leh state/UT inkarah Article 246 (7th Schedule) hnuaiah entry hrang hrang awmin Constitution hian fel takin min ṭhen hransak vek bakah thuneihna inṭawm (Concurrent List) thlengin ziah lan a ni. State list (subject)-ah hian union sorkarin dan min siamsak thei lo a, lo siam ta se judicial review hmangin court-in a paihthla thei (State-in a delegate emaw, Rajya Sabha-a resolution 2/3 majority neia an pass loh chuan). Entirnan, Land Revenue chungchangahte hian union (central sorkar) hian sawi theih pakhat mah a nei lo a, state thu liau liau a ni a. Mi pakhat chuan The Mizoram (Restriction on use of Transferred Lands) (Amendment) Bill, 2023 house-a sawiho a nih laiin, a sawi ka lo hriat chu, “Kan danah hian lungin tân kan dah ngam loh chhan chu, khu lam khuan kan danah lungin tân a tam tawh em mai, i dah tawh lo ang u, an ti a, kan dah lo a ni,” a tih khan kan thuneihna kan hriat loh hmel riau a ni.

State kan nih ang te, ADC kan nih angte hian sorkar policy chu law and act-ah a innghat tur a ni a, Constitution-in kaihhruaina (DPSP) a siam angin mipuite’n kan ṭhat tlan berna turin ro kan relin, dan kan insiam tur a ni. Article 39(b) kan en chuan material resources (i.e land) kan neihte hi kan ṭhat tlan berna turin sem tur a ni a ti a, kan ram (land) hi mi tlem zawk kutah a awm tur a ni lo a ti. Article 39(c) chuan kan zavaia chhiatna emaw, kan ṭhat tlan lohna tur leh mi tlemte hnena hauhsakna awm economic system kan nei tur a ni lo a ti leh a ni. Hei hi kan tun dinhmun te, kan hun kal tawhte kan thlirin kan hriat tlan a pawimawh hle. Kan voting right kan hman dan tur pawh hei hian hril se a ṭha hle ang.

Tun dinhmun han en hian ram (land) mipui tlem zawk, mi hausate kutah hian a awm nasa tawh em em a, hman ṭangkai hleih theih loh tam tak a awm a ni. Khawpui lamah chuan agriculture lama eizawng duh leh tui mite tana hmalakna tur hmun ram ṭha, ram ruak a awm tawh meuh lo. Hmun ṭha deuh hmuin hmalak duh ni se, chu ram chuan neitu a lo nei hman zel bawk si hi a buaithlak ṭan ta viauin a lang. Lawngtlaiah phei chuan khawpui chhung (settlement area)-ah garden pass la awm ṭeuhin, a pass neituin a duh lai lai hralhin an plot ve mai ṭhinte hi a zialo hle a ni. LADC area-ah chuan Land Revenue hi LADC sawrkar kut a ni a, pass cancel theitu leh in hmun plot theitu awm chhun a ni bawk. Chutih laiin, mimalin an plot ṭhin hi sorkar chak loh vang tih loh chu puhmawh tur dang a awm tlat lo. Heng ramte hi reacquire (lak kir) emaw, pass cancel hian compensation pek ngai angin kan ngai mai thei, mahse, a ni lo. Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 kan en chuan Artcle 31(A) a belh a, chutah chuan sorkarin ram lak let theihna a nei a, compensation pawh pek tur a ni lo, a ti. Ram lak letna hian Article 39(B) leh 39(C) tihhlawhtlinna a ni tur a ni a, mi hausa zawkte tihhauhsakna lam hawi ni loin, chutiang awm thei chu a veng zawk tur a ni. Amaherawhchu 39(B) leh 39(C) tihhlawhtlinna tur ni lo, infrastructure siamna tura ram requisition-ah chuan compensation pek ngei ngei a ngai thung ang.

Mizoram state hi kum 1987-ah UT dinhmun aṭangin state nihna pek kan ni a, tunah chuan kum 37 lai state kan lo ni ve ta reng mai. District council nihna te, UT nihnate lo nei tawhin sorkar rorelna kalphung kan hmelhriatna leh kan hmanna pawh a rei ve tawh ta hle mai. Amaherawhchu, kan kalphung tun hma leh tun thleng hian kan sorkar kalphungah thiltihtheihna awmna zawka kan ngaih executive function ngawr ngawr ngai pawimawhin kan la kal char char leh mipui pawhin hetiang zawng chauh hian sorkarah beiseina kan nei hi a lungchhiatthlak hle mai.

Constitution hian dan kan insiam theihna turin Article 246 (7th Schedule) hmangin state-te hnenah thuneihna a pe a, he thuneihna min pek hi kan ṭhat tlanna tur leh economy-a hma kan sawnna tura kan hman thiam a pawimawh hle a ni. State kan nih angin dante kan insiam ve ṭhin teh meuh mai, amaherawhchu, heng policy-te hian economic development prospect a nei ngai meuh lo. Sorkar hian industry/company din zel a nih theih nante hma lain, policy a duang ang a, chung ang a lo din theihna turin environment ṭha leh opportunity ṭha a awmtir tur a ni. Tun kan kalphungah chuan he lam hi chu kan hlat riauin a lang. A chhan chu executive function kan ram roreltute hian an tuipui tlat zawk a, mipui pawhin executive-ah chiah beiseina kan nei bawk si. Hei hi a chian viauna chhan chu Facebook leh media dang a thuziak mite thuziak ka chhiar hian he lam hawi zawng zel hi a nih vang a ni. Legislative function hmangin company lo din theihna boruak hi kan siam a ṭul a, policy kan duan hian phal leh phal lohna phenah hian economic development prospect a awm tur a ni a, a awm pawh a ṭul hle.

Mizoram state hi eng thilah mah hian mahni siam emaw, thar chhuah emaw khamkhawp kan nei lo a, kan market-te hi phai lam thilin a khat vek a tih theih awm e. Sa lama intodelh a, Mizo mipuite’n eizawnna nghet, hlawkna tam zawk tel thei tur te, bûk dik turte leh tlawm tur chuan livestock farming-ah ṭan kan lak a ngai. Chumi a hlawhtlin theihna tur chuan dan kan zam hmasak a ngai a, chu dan chuan livestock farming a rawn tihhmasawn mai bakah, a karah employment a rawn hring chhuak thei bawk ang. Aizawl Municipal Corporation-in metre 100 huam chhunga ran vulh a phal lo a, chu chuan livestock farming a promote dan tur hi kan hriatthiam a pawimawh hle.

Unemployment problem hi Mizoram ah hian a sang hle mai a, lehkhathiamte sorkar hnain min daih vek lo, kan thawh vek pawh a ṭul lo. Sorkar hna kan ngaihhlut lutukna hi kan tihhniam a ṭul tak zet a, a chhan chu lehkha zir ho zawng zawngin kan tum chu sorkar hna thawh a ni. Hei hian ram economy siam ṭhat lamah kawngro a su tlem khawp mai. IAS leh sorkar service hrang hrang hian ram economy a siam ṭhat ai chuan economy a ei hêk zawk a, mipui sum eitu kan tam ting a ni ringawt mai tihte hi kan hriat a hun tawh hle. Sorkarin engkim a tih avangin kan economic system pawh hi socialist economy a ni a, capitalist economy-ah inhnuh luh thiam a ṭul a, discipline hrang hranga thiam tak takte (a bikin commerce, science, engineering) hi sorkar hna zawngtu ai chuan hna siamtu ni turin an awhawm tak zet. Chuvang chuan kan zirlaite hi hna zawng tura zirtir loin, hna siam turin i zirtir zawk ang u.

Unemployment problem hi a solution kan Legislative-ah hian a awm a, dan zam nachang kan hriat chuan hei hi kan ti thei ngei ang. Construction company indin chhoh zel nante hian a mamawh chu legislation hmanga opportunity siam a ni. Entirnan, municipal council area-ah chuan in sa turin estimate leh drawing (plan) fel tak neiin in sak phalna lak tur a ni tih dan kan nei a, chu chuan BE te, Dip. In Engineering-te tan employment a siam nghal a ni. Construction company dinna turin hei hi a la tawk zo lo a, sorkar contract lakna tur bak company a la awm belh lo. Khawpui hrang hranga in sakte kan en chuan vai mistiri hnenah ṭheka-in kan pe ṭhin. Heta ṭang hian heng company-te din chhoh theihna tur hian dan kan zam tur chu a lang reng tawh a ni. Tun dinhmunah hian kan builder te, mistiri, etc-te hi un-organized sector-ah an la awm a, organized sector-ah seng luh theihna a lo ni bawk dawn a ni. Heng company-ah hian lehkhathiam hna nei lo, BA, MA, etc. rualte’n office-ah hna an nei ang a, mi dang thiamna nei tlem deuh hoin site-a hnathawhna lamah. Heti zawnga kan kal hian kan ṭhalaite ram danga tirh ngai loin kan ram chhungah employment kan siam ṭeuh thei dawn a ni.

State policy a dik chuan mipuite’n hmasawnna nasa tak an nei ṭhin a, mipui an hlim a, an lo hausa bawk ṭhin. Sorkar chuan mipui hmasawn nana dan ṭha min pek leh kan pawisa thawh khawm hmanga infrastructure ṭha min pek hi a tih tur pawimawh tak a nih laiin, hmasawnna awm lo, a sem sema tuipui tlat chuan dinchhuah aiin hniam lam kan pan zel dawn a ni.

Japanese thufing chuan, ‘Mi hnenah sangha pe la, ni khat ei tur i pe ang, sangha man dan zirtir la, a dam chhungin chaw i pe tihna ani ang’ a lo tih angin, kan sorkar pawh hian a pek sen loh tur a thlawna pek reng ai chuan hmasawnna turin min zirtir se, kawng min kawhhmuh se kan ṭhatpui zawk ang. Kan ṭhalaite hi an thatchhe lo, an thawh tur phû tawk hna kan siam lo zawk a ni. Service hrang hrang - electricity leh water supply-te hi sorkarin enkawl loin privatise se, hma kan sawn mai piah lamah hna kan siam tam thei zawk ang.

Kan state hmasawnna tur chuan kan ram hruaitute leh roreltute hian dan ṭha min pek a, infrastructure changtlung min pek hi an tihmakmawh a ni a, mutmawh hnarmawha neih a hun tawh tak zet. Politician ṭha aiin roreltu ṭha (good legislator) kan mamawh zawk e.

- David Vanlalmawia, Lawngtlai