MIZORAM TAN FC HI ENG NGE A ṬANGKAINA

Tun ṭum chu Finance Commission (FC) nihna han sawi ve hrim hrim ila, Mizoram tana a ṭangkaina chu kan hre mai awm e.

Sawrkar Laipuiin tih tur a hmachhawp, mipui aṭanga rawtnate khawn khawma hna thawk tur, Finance Commission Chairman, Niyi Aayog Vice Chairman lo ni tawh Arvind Panagariya kaihhruaina Finance Commission 16-na chuan hna an ṭan tak tak ta e. FC hnuhnung ber, Chairman chhiar tela member 5 awmna nikum December thlaa din chuan 2025 October thla hian an rawtna (recommendation)te theh lut hman tura beisei an niin, an rawtnate chu April 1, 2026-a inṭanin kum nga chhung a nung ang.

1. Eng chu maw FC chu?

Finance Commission (FC) chu ram danpuiin a siam ngat taksa (constitutional body) nei niin Sawrkar Laipui chhiah (tax revenue) ) khawn sa, Centre leh State Sawrkarte insem rual theih dan tura rawtna siamtu hi a ni.

2. Engtin nge FC hian thu a tih thlûk ṭhin?

State zawng zawng tana a pum puia Sawrkar Laipui net tax revenue State-ho chan tur a hlawma pek (vertical devolution) leh chung sum (fund)-te State-ho zinga sem sawm leh dan tûr (horizontal distribution)te rêl a ni. Hetianga sum, State-te sem 'horizontal distribution' a nih hian Commission chuan dan naranin State-a mihring awm zat te, inthlah pun chak lam te, sum lak luh zat te, ram leilung awm dan leh a dangte behchhanin a rel ṭhin a. A hmasa zawk ang chi vertical devolution-ah erawh chuan tih dan phung (formula) mumal tak behchhan a awm lo thung. Mahse, tun hnai FC-te chuan State-te chu tax revenue lian zawk pek an rawt a, FC 13-na, 14-na leh 15-na chuan Centre chan atan sum hi 32%, 42% leh 41% ṭheuh a rawt a ni. Scheme ṭhenkhat atan Centre leh State-ten an thawh dun ṭanpuina 'additional grants' hmangin State-te a ṭanpui thei a ni tih hi hriat a ṭha hle.

Finance Commission 16-na chuan tualchhung ro reltute–panchayat-te leh municipality-te chhiah (revenues) tih pun dan tur rawt/rel tura beisei a ni. Dik tak chuan, kum 2015 khan India rama mipui tana sum sen 3% chauh hi tualchhung ro reltutena an hman a tana sèn ral a nih laiin ram ṭhenkhat, entir nan, China angah te chuan mipui tana sum sen chanve zet hi tualchhung inrel bawl nana hman a ni thung.

3. Engati nge Sawrkar Laipui leh State sawrkar inkarah inhriat thiam lohna a awm ṭhin le?

Sawrkar Laipui leh State-te hi hun eng emawti chhung chu chhiah (tax) insem chungchangah an inhmu thiam lo ṭhin hle. Chhiah tam zawk, entir nan- income tax, corporate tax leh goods and services tax-te a la khawm a, chutih laiin, State-te chuan GST huam phak loh zu leh tui alh thei (fuels) an hralh aṭanga chhiah lak kawmah an innghat deuh ber thunga; Chutih laiin, State Sawrkar-te chu zirna (education), hriselna lam (healthcare) leh dan leh hrai ken kawhna lam (police) tel vekin State Sawrkar-te hian an khua leh tui/miptuite tana hna an thawh hi a tam em em mai si a ni; hei hian State Sawrkarteah lung awi lohna a thlen a ni. Centre chuan State Sawrkar-te chhiah khawn theihna chanvo (thu neihna) ti hniamin, an mawh phurhna a tam ang huin sum leh pai a pe si lo a ni.

4. Centre leh State-te inrem lohna chu engte nge ni?

Chhiah khawn sa aṭangin zaah eng zat nge State-ten an chan ang tih leh a tak taka sum leh pai pek zat chungchangah Centre leh State-te hi an innghirngho fo mai.

State Sawrkarte hi Centre aia mawh phurhna nei tam zawk an nih avangin, State-te chuan FC-in a pe tura a rawt aia tam bi State-te hian sum an hmu tur a ni, tih hi an ngaih dan a ni bur mai. Tin, tuna State-te chan (share) hi a tlem lutuk ṭhin bakah, Centre hian FC-in sum leh pai sem tur a rawt ang zat hi State-te a sem (share) lo tih an sawi bawk; entir nan, mi thiamte (analysts) ngaih dan chuan, tuna kal mek Fifh Finance Commission hnuaia State-te insem theih tura ruahman sum-pai (divisible pool) hi Commission rawt zat dik tak chawh ruala 41% pe lovin 38% a pe zawk a ni.

Chubakah, chawh rualin, Sawrkar Laipui tax revenue pum pui aṭangin eng zat chiah nge State-te sem theih tura ruahman (divisible pool aṭanga State-te pek ṭhin aṭang hian) tih chungchangah State-te chu an lung awi lo hle bawk a ni.

Chubakah, kum ṭhenkhatah, insem (share)chi an nih loh avanga State-te sem (shared) ve loh chi cess leh surcharge chu, Sawrkar Laipui tax revenue pum pui aṭanga zaa 28% lai a ni a, hei hian State Sawrkarte tan chhiah hlohna (revenue loss) a thlen phah nia rin a ni bawk. Chuvangin, FC-te rawtna anga insem chi sum bawm aṭanga sum-pai insem lo pung zel pawh hi cess leh surcharge lâk khâwm lo pung ve zel hian a nih ang tur a nihtir thei lo (offset) ve thei bawk a ni. Dik tak chuan, Sawrkar Laipuia chhun luh cess leh surcharge-te han chhût hian, Centre tax revenue pumpui aṭanga State-te chanvo chu Finance Commission 15-na hun lai khan zaa 32 thlengin a tla hniam thei ni-a chhût a ni.

State changkang leh hma sawn zawka ngaih Karnataka leh Tamil Nadu-te pawhin chhiah (tax)an chhùn luh aia tlêm daih zâwk sum-pai pêk an ni ṭhin chu an lung awi lo hle a ni. Tamil Nadu State hian Sawrkar Laipui sum bâwm (exchequer)-a chêng khat an chhûn luh apiangin pawisa 29 chiah pek an ni; chutih laiin, Bihar State-in cheng khat an chhun luh apiangin cheng 7 aia tam an hmu ziah thung si. Kawng danga sawi chuan, State sorkar hma sawn leh inawp ṭha tam zâwkte chu inawp ṭha lote ṭanpui nan Sawrkar Laipuiin a hrem a ni, tia sawi a ni. Mi ṭhenkhat chuan, Sawrkar laipuiin a ruat Finance Commission member-te hi an independent tak tak thei loin politik thu neihna lakah an fihlim tak tak thei loah an ngai. 

- Dr J.T.Vanlalngheta