Mizoram sorkar leiba chungchang (Public debt management)

Eng nge leiba (public debt) chu?

Sorkar leiba (public debt) kan tih chuan chhan hrang hrang avanga sorkar sum pûk tling khawm (outstanding liabilities) tihna a ni mai awm e. Tun hma deuh tawh aṭang khan politics-ah Mizoram sorkar leiba chungchang hian sawi zui leh ngaihven a hlawh a, inhnial nan pawh an hmang nasa hle ṭhin. Tun sorkar (ZPM)-ah hian mipuite’n beiseina sang tak kan nei a, a chhan pawh ZPM policy (SDRP) Chapter-X, Financial Reform-ah, “ZPM a sorkar chuan a hna hmasa ber tur chu nasa taka inrenchem a ni phawt a, a dawtah state sum thawh chhuah dan tur ngaihtuah a ni,” tiin a inziak.

Economics subject aṭanga leiba thlirna

Classical economist-te chuan economy-ah sorkar chu a tlem thei ang ber a inrawlh ang a (laissez-faire), mi tinin an mahni tana ṭha leh hlawk ber (self-interest)-a an thawh hian ram tan a ṭha ber a. Budget pawh sum hmuh leh hmanna inmil chiah (balance budget) tur a ni tih ngaihdan an nei a. Indopui Pahnihna thleng khan balanced budget ngaihdan hi khawvel ram changkang ber berte pawhin an zui a. Amaherawhchu, Indopui Pahnihna hnuah khawvel ei sum dinhmun nasa takin a inthlak a, America leh Europe-a ei leh bar lama tlakchhiatna nasa Great Depression hnuah balance budget ngaihdan thlakin, a ṭul dan ang zelin sorkarin sum a pûk tur a ni (deficit budget) tih ngaihdan chu JM Keynes ten an pho chhuak a. Tun thlengin khawvel sorkar tam zawk chuan inghahna lungphumah an la hmang a ni (Dr. Vanlalchhawna, Zoram sum leh pai kalhmang).

Economist-te ngaihdanah chuan ram hmasawna atana sum hman tur (capital expenditure) atana sum puk hi a ṭul zawk a, chu chuan a ṭha zawngin ei bar zawnna leh thil tam tak a nghawng (investment multiplier) niin an chhut. Amaherawhchu, hmasawnna ruhrel dinna ni lem lo, sorkar hnathawk hlawh leh inrelbawlna, investment multiplier awm loa sum puk chuan ram hmasawnna a thlen lo.

Inter-generational transfer of public debt/debt sustainability

Public finance zirnaa ngaih pawimawh tak pakhat chu inter-generational transfer of public debt a ni. A awmzia chu, keini tun chhuante’n sum kan puk hi nakina kan tu leh fate tan leiba phurrit, an hmasawnna dâltu a nih theih hial avangin kan fimkhur tur a ni. Kawng dangin lo sawifiah dawn ta ila, tunah kan puk thei alawm tih avanga mahni tu leh fate tana leiba phurrit tam tak hnutchhiah turin sum puk loh tur tihna a ni thei ang. Hei bakah hian kan thawh chhuah (GSDP) leh sum puk a inmil em tih kan bûk a ngai.

Sorkar hi sum pûk tur a ni rêng em?

Politics-a inchirhthehna langsar tak chu sorkarin sum a puk hrim hrim hian kan lo hmu tleu nghal viau zel a. Khawvel ram hrang hrangte hian IMF, ADB, World Bank, BRICS Development Bank aṭangtein hmasawnna hna thawhna (kawngpui siamna, lei dawhna, airport siamna, power siamna, zirna leh hriselna, etc) tur sum an puk a, chu chuan ram hmasawnna a thlen ṭhin. Hetiang bawk hian state-te pawhin sum an puk ṭhin.

A pawimawh ber zawk chu kan puk chhan leh hmanna a ni. Chhungkua angina sorkar hi tehkhin ta ila, hmasawnna ruhrel dinna tur ni lem lo, tlachawpa hman tur emaw maia sum kan puk chuan leiba hrisel loin min delh bet ang a, a tawpah chuan kan tâlbuai viau dawn a ni.

Leiba chi hrang hrang

Mizoram sorkar leibat dan hi kawng thumin a sawi theih a, chungte chu:

(i) State sorkarin kawng hrang hranga a pûk (internal debt)–hei hian market loan/borrowings, financial institution leh RBI aṭanga kan pukte a huam.

(ii) Sorkar laipui aṭanga sum puk (Loan & Advances from Central Govt) a ni a; SASCI (kumina beisei zat vbc. 510) hi entirna ṭha tak a ni.

(iii) Public Account hnuaia sum hmuh state provident fund, insurance leh pension fund te.

Mizoram leiba dinhmun

Indian Express chanchinbuin Mizoram chu kan sum thawh chhuah (GSDP) aṭanga chhutin FY 2023-a leiba ngah ber state (53.1%) kan nih thu an ziah te, Assembly House-a zawhna Chief Minister hmasa Pu Zoramthanga chhana aṭangte bakah, tun ZPM sorkara CM Pu Lalduhoma’an Assembly budget session-ah tun sorkar chu leiba ngah ber sorkar an nih chhan chu sorkar hmasa leiba cheng vbc. 13,584.80 an chhawm vang a nih thu a sawite hian kan dinhmun a tarlang chiang hle. Hetih mek lai hian, FRMB Act chuan kum 2024-25 ah chuan state sorkarte leiba hi kan sum thawh chhuah (GSDP) aṭanga 20% aia hniam turin a ti. India rama FRMB Act palzût nasa ber state kan ni thei mai ang em?

Eng vangin nge kan state leiba a pun zel?

1. Financial Management thiam loh vang: Kan leiba pun zel chhan langsar ber chu sorkar kan lo neih tawh zawng zawngte sum enkawl thiam tâwk loh vang a ni. Fiscal discipline ṭha kan nei lo. Dr. C Vanlalramsanga’n (IES) kum 22 chhung (1987-88 to 2010-11) Mizoram leiba dinhmun a zirchianna aṭangin sorkar leiba pung zel hian kan sum thawh chhuah (GSDP) ṭhannaah a ṭha zawnga nghawng a nei lo a; Mizoram chu sum puk leh sorkar laipui suma kan innghah tawp avangin inthlahdahna (fiscal laziness) min neihtir bakah, sum thawk chhuak ve tura hmalakna kan neih tlem phah niin a sawi. Kum tam tak leiba kan lo neih tawh hian kan ṭhan a tiṭhu zawk mah a nih chu.

2. Revenue Expenditure pun zel vang: Keini ang state pachhiaah chuan budget bak hi ram hmasawnna tura hmachhuan tur a awm meuh lo. Chutih laiin, budget pharh tawh reng reng kan en chuan Revenue Expenditure (RE) kan tih mai–sorkar hnathawk hlawh, sorkar inrelbawlna (office expenditure), pension, etc hian kan budget tam ber a ei hêk a (82.79% in 2024-25); hmasawnna hna thawhna tur sum tih tham (Capex) a awm lo. A kum têlin RE-a sum mamawhna sang zel avangin kan sum dinhmunin ziaawm lam a pan thei lo. RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2022-23 in a tarlan dan chuan, kum 2021-22 ah Capex hman tlemah Mizoram chu pahnihna kan ni a, kum 2022-23 ah pathumna kan ni thung.

3. Sorkar leiba belhchhahtu subsidy: Mizoramin leiba a ngah chhan ber pakhat chu mipui hnena man tlâwm zawk a buhfai, power, etc. pek ṭhin vang a ni. Subsidy-a sorkar sum sen hi awmze nei a ennawn a hun hle. Tun hnaia Supply Minister Pu B Lalchhanzova sawi ang chuan NFSA-in a huam ve loha food subsidy tihtlem a nih chuan kum tin cheng nuai 6,311 sorkarin a hum thei dawn tih a sawi. Hetiang hian tui, electric leh sorkarin subsidy a pekahte uluk takin ruahhmanna siam ni se, sum dinhmunin ziaawm lam a pan theih a beiseiawm.

4. Public sector undertaking leh sumdawng department: Sorkar hnuaia corporation hrang hrang – MIFCO, ZIDCO, ZOHANCO, etc hi sum leh pai thawk chhuak tura din ni mah se, tun dinhmunah sum ei raltu an nih avangin huaisen takin ennawn (privatization?) an ngai. A zirchiangtu committee han siam ṭhin mah se, an rawtnate tihhlawhtlin a ni lem lo niin a lang. Chutiang bawkin sorkar department sum thawk chhuak thei Transport, PE, PHE department-te pawn sum tam zawk thawk chhuak tura ṭan an lak a ngai. Pu Lalnunmawia Chuango, IAS (Rtd) sawi dan chuan Mizoram hi India rama power sector reform lo la awmchhun kan ni hial awm e.

5. Kan thawhchhuah a tlem: Kan awmna hi ram kilkhawr leh tlang ram a nih avang hian hlâwk khawpa thar chhuah (surplus production) theihna remchang kan nei tlem. Loneih leh non-industrial sector aṭanga sum thawk chhuak kan nih avangin kan thawhchhuahte a beitham a; company/industry lian sawi tham kan neih bawk si loh avangin chhiah lakna aṭanga sum hmuh a tlem. RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2022-23 in a sawi dan chuan, tun hnai kum kua (2014-15 aṭanga 2023-24) chhunga chhiah hmu tlem ber kan ni char char. Hei hi sorkar laipui pawhin hriain, special category status-ah min dah nghe nghe. Kan thawhchhuah tam theihna tur a kawng hrang hranga ngaihtuahna sen a ṭul hle.

Engtin nge leiba a tlem theih ang?

Debt management pawimawh ber chu sum pûkte a hmanna tur dik taka hman a ni (quality of expenditure). Kan sum pûkte hi capital outlay atan nge kan hman tam a, revenue expenditure-ah? Sum lak luhna tur (income generation) atana hman a nih si loh chuan GSDP a tipung dawn lo. Leiba titlem tur hian budget aṭangin kan ṭan a ngai. Public debt policy/guideline kan la neih loh chuan siam a ṭul em? Inrenchemna (austerity measure) hmang chauhin kan sum dinhmun kan siamṭha thei dawn lo a, sum lak luhna tipung tura ngaihtuahna sên a ṭul. Sumdawng te, mahni kutkawiha eizawng te, thil siam chhuaktu leh loneitute tana kawng awlsam (ease of doing business) a awm theih nan nasa taka ṭan kan lak a ngai. Kan economy hi state sorkar/sumah kan innghah tawp chhung chuan tun ang dinhmun baka hmasawn a harsa hle ang.

A tawp berah chuan, chhiah aṭanga kan sum lak luh a tlem bakah hman ral a san zel avangin sum pûk zat a tam lo thei lo. Sorkar laipui aṭanga kan sum hmuh (deficit grant) a tlem tial tial a, private sector aṭanga investment hmuh kan nei tam si lo. Sum pûk hrim hrim hi a pawi lem lo; a pawimawh ber chu a hmanna a ni. Hmasawnna ruhrel dinna tur, mipui tana thil ṭangkai a nih dawn tak meuh chuan bat belh hian ram tan lukhâwng a nei a; kan sum pûk chu kan pûk chhan ang ngeiin hman a ni em tih kan ûm zui a ngai a ni.

- Dr. Daniel Lalawmpuia, Assistant Professor, Economics Dept. PUC.