Forest Clearance vanga ram mipui tawrh let theihna
Environment & forest humhalhna kawngah Mizoram a ṭhangharh chho zel a, kan ram chhunga NGO-te leh mi ṭhahnemngaite’n Supreme Court leh National Green Tribunal-ah Mizoram chhunga ramngaw leh environment humhalhna kawngah zualkona thu thlenin, order ṭha tak tak an zu sual chhuak tawh ṭhin. Hei hian Mizoram sawrkar pawh kawng engkimah fimkhurna a pe chho ta a, a lawmawm hle.
Amaherawhchu, environment & forest law kan tihte hi hmasawnna lo kal tur danna atana siam an ni lo a, sustainable development a thlen theihna tura siam an ni tih hre tel ila. Mizoram chhunga project lian tak tak lo kal tura harsatna kan tawhte hi ngun taka ngaihtuah a ngai a, environment & forest humhalh thupuia kan neih bur lai hian kan ram hmasawnna dâltu leh, mipui leh sawrkar tawrh lêt hrep theihna kawng hi ngun taka kan ngaihtuah tel ngai.
Forest clearance vanga Mizoram sawrkar chêt sual tawhna
Mizoramah reserved forest area eng emaw zat kan nei a, heng kan reserved forest area huam chhungah hian Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980-in a phût angin forest clearance nei lo chuan eng hna mah thawh phal a ni lo tih kan hre vek awm e. Hemi avang hian Tuirial Hydel Project-ah pawh a chîm pil tur ram pumpui (whole submergence area) kha Tuirial Reverine Reserved Forest (Tuirial RRF) huam chhung a ni tiin, Mizoram Forest Department hnenah NEEPCO khan forest clearance an dilnaah Net Present Value (NPV) leh, Compensatory Afforestation (CA) atan cheng vaibelchhe 24 chuang lai an pe a nih kha.
Hetih lai hian, Tuirial RRF huam chhungah hian Revenue Department leh VC lamte’n land pass an lo pe chhuak ve ṭeuh mai si a, NEEPCO lakah compensation an lo claim ve ta chat mai a. NEEPCO lam an lungawi thei ta lo a, "Project area hi Forest area in ti si a, Forest Department-ah cheng vaibelchhe 24 chuang kan pek tawh laiin ram neitute hnenah hian compensation kan pe double thei hleinem," an tih avangin project a pâmṭûl ta a nih kha. Kum 2011, Congress Ministry huna tharthawh (revive) a niha agreement an neihah compensation chu Mizoram sawrkar pek tura inremna siam a ni ta a. Hei vang hian Tuirial Hydel Project kaihhnawiha compensation chu Mizoram sawrkarin land owner-te hnenah a pek a ngai ta a ni.
Tuirial Hydel Project chungchangah khan Forest Department khan forest clearance sum, NPV leh CA atan vaibelchhe 24 chuang an dawn lai khan an Department chu lawm viauin, hlâwk viauah an inngai mai thei e. Khatih lai khan Mizoram sawrkar kha a hlawk rêng rêng lo. Mizoram sawrkarin land owner-te hnena compensation a pek let tur kha cheng vaibelchhe 100 chuang daih nia sawi a ni. Mipui sum tho kha land owner-te hnenah Mizoram sawrkar khan a pêk let a ngai daih tho. Mizoram sawrkar tan chuan hloh (loss) hlang a ni.
Ram neitute dikna chanvo (Constitutional Right) kan chhuhsak thei ngawt lo
Reserved forest area huam chhunga ram pass kan tih, Revenue Department-in a pek chhuahte hi Mizo District (Land Revenue) Act, 1956 kan tih te, Mizo District (Agricultural Land) Act, 1963, Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013 dan hnuaia pek chhuahte a ni. Village Council-in Lushai Hills (House Sites) Act, 1953 hnuaia a pek chhuahte a awm bawk. Autonomous district council area-ah chuan anmahni Land Revenue Act hnuaiah pek chhuah a ni thung.
Revenue land pass neitute hian dan ang thlapa chhiah (tax) an pek chuan ‘Right over the land’ neiin an ram chhungah neitu chanvo, title/legal right an nei tihna a ni. Hetah hian an ram pass hi cancel-sak an ni lo emaw, court-in an ram hi dan ni lova pek, awmze nei lo (null and void) a tihsak si loh chuan an legal right hi va chhuhsak ngawt theih a ni lo. Indian Constitution Article 300A-ah chuan, “No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law” a tih tlat avangin India Danpui hian ram neitute right a venghim tlat tih hi hriat a ṭha.
Justices Indu Malhotra leh Ajay Rastogi te ṭhutna Supreme Court Bench chuan, “Right to Property is a human right... The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure of authority of law…” tiin January 2020 khan a nemnghet nawn leh bawk. Hetiang hi ram neitute dikna chanvo a nih avang hian ram neitute hian Supreme Court thlengin an dikna chanvo hmuh tum hian an bei ṭhin a, sawrkar tan namnûl mai mai chi a ni lo.
NH-306 Vairengte-Sairang 4-Lane project buaina:
Kolasib tlangdung, Aizawl–Vairengte via Sairang khu RRF Notification (road side reserved notification) huam chhung a nih avangin tuna NH-306 4-lane kal turah pawh hian, forest clearance an demand leh mek tih sawi a awm a. NH-306 Vairengte–Sairang kawng kam khu mihring chênna hmun, in leh huan lo ram luah khat vek hmun a ni tawh. Revenue Department-in ram pass i.e., LSC, periodic patta, land lease-te an pe a ni. Mahse, tunah chuan ram neitute ram leh thlaite chu forest clearance hmanga chhuh luih an tum mek tihna a ni.
Hetiang hi thil awm dan a nih avangin ram neitute hian hun rei tak an lo inbenbelna in leh lo hlutna khu, an hmu thei kher ang em tih zawhna a awm lo thei ta lo. Kutbéngin an chhuahtir mai dawn nge? Chhawmdawlna pein an nêk chhuak zawk dawn? Forest Department lamin forest clearance an phût tlat si chuan forest clearance hmangin ram neitute dikna chanvo an va chhuhsak lui dawn tihna a ni.
Tuirial Hydel Project ram buai ang chiah khan rin lâwk ang ngeiin NHIDCL lamte’n, “Forest Department-ah forest clearance atan NPV leh CA sum kan pek chuan ram neitu hnenah land compensation kan pe thei tawh lo ang,” tiin ṭan an khawh e, an ti ve leh ta tlat mai si a. Hetiang a nih chuan land owner-te’n an right, land compensation an chán (loss) dawn tihna a ni a; mipui tawrhna a thlen hrep dawn ta tihna a ni.
Tunah hian Kolasib tlangdunga ram neitute dikna chanvo hi forest clearance hmanga chhuhsak ni ta se, ram neitu hian ram leilung leh thlai hlutna chân an phal bik kher ang em? An ram leilung leh property hlutna claim-a an constitutional right venghim turin theihtawp an chhuahna kawngah, project pawh a pâmṭûl lo ang tih pawh a hlauhawm hlel ta lo e.
Forest Department hian Road Side Reserved Forest area chin dik tak a finfiah thei em?
Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) Notification tia kan hriat lar kha 28th January, 1965-a District Council kan nih hun laia puan a ni tih kan hre vek awm e. Kha Notification khan Aizawl–Vairengte via Sairang kawng kam a huam tel. Hei hi Roadside Reserved Forest area kan tih tak chu a ni a, lui angin kawngpui alignment chu a nghet ve si lo a, hmasawnna hnathawh ruala a danglam ṭhin avangin kum 50 chhunga a danglamna ngaihtuah tel a ngai.
Kum 1965-a Vairengte–Aizawl kawng hi a zau zawng te, alignment-te a pangngai reng a nih tawh lohzia chu kan hre vek ang. Kawngpui pawh kum 1965 nena tehkhin chuan zau tak a ni tawh. Alignment pawh eng emaw zat tihdanglam a nih tawh hnu hian Forest Department lam hian Roadside reserved forest area chin dik tak, demarcation area hi chiang taka finfiahna leh boundary description felfai tak an nei em? Roadside reserved forest area chin dik tak finfiahna record an neih loh chuan tuna forest clearance an demand hian khawi lai area chin nge a huam? Mahni area chin hre lova mimal rama forest clearance an va demand a nih chuan, dan dik lo hmangin mimal ram chhuhsak luih an tum tihna a ni.
Aizawl to Vairengte kawng kam hi hun rei tak ata mihring inbenbelna hmun leh huan leh thlai chînna hmun a ni a, tunah chuan ramngaw, forest area tia chhâl tur a awm tawh bar lo. Hetiang chiah hian Mamit District lamah Tut leh Langkaih ruam pawh khua leh tuite’n an luah khat ṭhup tawh bawk.
Kum 1965 aṭanga vawiin thleng hian Forest Department hian an reserved forest area hi venhim leh humhalh hna an thawh hriat tur a awm loh lai karah hian, project lian lo kal dawnah forest area ram an chuhna avang leh forest clearance-in a ken tel sum lú an chuhna avangin Mizoram lifeline ber kawngpui, 4-lane project hi pàmṭûl thei dinhmunah a din phah ta a ni ber e.
Ngaihtuah ngun a ngai
Ramngaw humhalhna kawnga kê kan pên lai hian, ram mipui leh sawrkarin kan tawrh lêt hrep theihna kawngte hi thlir tel ve tho a ngai. Kum eng emaw zat reserved forest area-a lo inbêngbel tawhte hi bûngpui anga zung kai nghetin an lo ṭhang lian a, heng khua leh tuite dikna chanvo hi vawi leh khata forest clearance hmanga a zung chawpa kar phawh kan tumna hian mipui sang tam tak a ngawng theihnate hi thlir tel a ngai. Mizoram sawrkar ngeiin a tawrh lêt theih dan kan hmuh phak a ngai a ni.
Hun rei tak kan sawrkar lo hrawn tawhten reserved forest area huam chhunga land pass i.e., LSC, periodic patta, VC pass, etc. tam tak an lo pek tawhte leh a chhunga khua leh tui sang tam tak lo inbêngbel tawhte hi, dan anga hma lak a nih dawn chuan hnawhchhuah an ngai ngei ang. Mahse, Forest Department hian reserved forest area hi dan anga venhim hna hi kum 50 chuang an kalpui tih hriat tur a awm ngai loh avangin, reserved forest area palzûtna (encroachment) pawh a nasa hle si. Chu'ng encroachment nasa tak chu vawi leh khata chinfel nghal burh burh theih a nih lohzia chu a takin kan tawng chho ta a ni.
Kum rei tak Mizoram sawrkar thil lo tihsual tawh leh chêt sual tawhnate hai der a, khua leh tuite dikna chanvo laksak zawnga hma lak vak a, forest clearance phût bur hi a dik ber em tih kan ngaihtuah a ngai a. Hemi piah lama pawimawh em em chu – forest clearance dilnain a ken tel sum, CAMPA fund-a lutte hi ṭangkai taka hman a ni reng em? CAMPA fund hmang hian forest ram chhiate hi kan va compensate (tuam dam) leh em? Nge, holam tak hian a lo ral mai mai ṭhin zawk tihte pawh hi kan chîk a ngai viau âwm e.
- Lalnunmawia Pachuau