Indopui 2-na leh India zalenna inlaichin dan

Mizote’na Indopui 2-na tia kan sawi ṭhin World War-II khan India-in zalenna a neih theihna turah nghawng pawimawh tak tak a nei a, India-in zalenna a hmuhna tur kawng a rawn sial kaw ruak ti pawhin a sawi theih awm e. India zalenna thlen champhaah hian chu thu i lo ngaihtuah tlang dawn teh ang.

Indopui 2-na chanchin tawi

Indopui 2-na chuan September 1, 1939 aṭanga September 2, 1945 thleng a awh a; he indopuiah hian Allies–United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, China leh an ṭanrualpui ramte leh Axis–Germany, Italy, Japan leh an ṭanrualpui ramte an inbei a ni. Hetih lai hian India chu United Kingdom awpna hnuaiah a awm lai niin British India tia sawi leh hriat ṭhin a ni. Indian National Congress (INC)-te’n India zalenna atana nasa taka beihpui an thlak mek lai a ni. Indopui 2-na a lo thlen tak thutah chuan India ram awptu (viceroy) Lord Linlithgow chuan September 3, 1939-ah India rama hruaitu lawk leh mi pawimawhte hnenah India pawhin he Indopui 2-na hi British lal ram tana bei turin a zawm ve tih a hrilh a. Chu thu chuan INC chu a tithinur em em a, chutiang thutlukna lian siam a nih hmaa râwn an ni miah lo chu an lungawi lohna tizualtu a ni.

Indopui 2-naah India sipaite

Indopui 2-naah hian British tana bei turin India ram aṭangin sipai nuai 25 chuang teltir an ni a, an zinga sipai 80,000 chuang an thih phah hial a ni. India-a sipai hotu lu ber ni ṭhin Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck chuan, “Indopui 1-na leh Indopui 2-naah khan British-in India sipaite ruai tel lo ta se, anmahni chauh chuan an paltlang zo lo vang,” a lo ti hial a ni.

British hian kum 1857 hnu lamah kha chuan India mite zingah sipai an lak reng rengin an thu awih thei tura an hriat, hnam thlan bik ‘martial race’ tia an sawite deuh chauh an la ṭhin a; chung ho chu hnam huaisen leh rálhrât ni mah se, kaihhruai awlsam leh an laka rinawm bur ṭhin nia a hriatte an ni tlangpui. Indopui 2-na a lo thlen takah chuan sipai indaih lohna a nasa a, an hnam thlan bikte’n daih seng ta hek lo, hnam tin, chi tinreng sipaiah an la ta chur chur a, chung ho erawh British laka rinawm bur an ni ta vek lem lo.

India sipaite chu British ram chhan nan khawvel hmun hrang hrangah tirh chhuah an ni a, British sawrkar chak tawk lohnate pawh tawnhriat tam tak an nei chho ta zel a ni. Chu mai bakah, ram hrang hrang an hmuhtea hmasawnnate leh India mipuite retheihziate a takin an tawng a, rualawhna tam tak an chhar chhuak a ni. British sipai rawih ni mah se, India zalenna atana duhtu tam tak an zingah an inphûm tak ṭeuhah chuan British tan pawh chung India sipaite chu ṭangkaipui aiin anmahni do lettuah an chang chho ve ta zel a. Chung hote chu a hnu leh zelah India zalenna sualtute tana lamṭang ṭha takah an chang a, British tana hnawksak an nih laiin, India zalenna sualna kawngah hlâwkna thlentute an ni.

Quit India Movement

India-in British tana sum leh pai (British pawisaa chhutin Pound tuklehdingawn 1.5 a tling) leh sipai ṭhahnem tak Indopui 2-naah a pe chhuak chung hian British sawrkar chuan INC-in India tana zalenna an sual kawngah chanchin lawmawm lam a thlentir ta chuang lo. INC hruaitute ngaihdanah chuan, India-in British sawrkar tana hetiang taka sum leh pai leh sipai a thawh ṭhat em avang hian India chuan duhsakna sang tak a dawn an beisei viau a, mahse, an beisei erawh chhanin a awm lem lo. Hetiang boruak a nih chhoh tak zelah chuan INC chuan kum 1942-ah Bombay-ah session an nei a, Mahatma Gandhi rawtna angin India ram aṭanga British-te an chhuah ngei ngeina tur thu rolum, ‘Quit India Movement’ kalpui zai an rel ta a ni. British lam chu indopui an hmachhawn mek lai a nih avangin INC thil phut chu ngaihtuah theih chi ziazang a ni ta lo. Boruak khap daih nan INC hruaitu lawk zawng zawng deuh thaw chu tân inah khung an ni ta zawk a. Amaherawhchu, India mipuite’n INC hmalakna ram pumah an thlawp ṭhat em avangin zalenna beihpui chuan a hma aiin pàr a chhuang nasa ta zawk tho a ni.

India retheihna tizualtu Indopui 2-na

Zirmite’n an chhut danin Indopui 2-na lai hian British sum hnâr bulpui pakhat chu India a ni a, indonaa an senso leh mamawh tam zawk chu India aṭanga an châwk luh a ni. India rama thil siam chhuahna tam takte’n an hlawkpui viau laiin, ram pumah mipuite tan sum leh pai harsatna bakah, khawsak phung leh ei leh bar zawn a tikhaihlak nasa em em thung. Mipuite mamawh aia indona atana mamawh siam chhuah a tam tak zawkah chuan ṭâm leh harsatna hrang hrangin India ram a tuam nasa ta hle a. Chung zingah chuan Bengal rama ṭâm nasa tak rawn thleng (Bengal Famine 1943-44)-te kha khawvel huap pawha thil rapthlak tawp a tling a, rilṭâm leh hri leng vangin mi maktaduai thum chuang an thi nia chhût a ni.

Subhash Chandra Bose hmalakna

INC hruaitute zinga mi Subhash Chandra Bose chuan Indopui 2-na thlen lai hian India zalenna neih theihna tur kawng ṭha zawk nia a rin chu British hmelma lam Axis-te thurualpui a ni. Germany leh Japan sawrkarte a bêlbul a, indonaa tel India mi British sipaia ṭangte chu lamṭangah siamin Indian National Army (INA) a din a ni. Japan sawrkar hriatpuiin Singapore-ah kum 1943 khan India sawrkar lailawk Azad Hind Government a din nghe nghe. Indopui 2-naa Japan sipaite chakna hmang ṭangkaiin khawchhak lam aṭanga India an rawn pan a, INA sipaite nen India ram aṭanga British rawn um chhuah an tum a, amaherawhchu, Japan an tlâwm leh tak si avangin an tum angin thil a kal tluang ta lo. Subhash Chandra Bose hmalakna erawh chuan kawng tam takah rah ṭha a chhuah tho a, India mi sipaia ṭangte zingah British huatna leh India zalenna tura ṭhahnemngaihna chi a tuh ṭha em em a ni.

Subhash Chandra Bose-a din INA-a an sipai hruaitu ṭhenkhatte chu Indopui 2-na a zawh hnuin British sawrkarin an chungchang a ngaihtuah a; na taka hrem an tum laiin INC leh mipuite’n na takin an thlavang an hauh tlat thung. British sawrkar pawhin an hrem chuan buaina lian zawk India ramah a thleng thei tih an rin avangin hrem lovin an chhuah zalen leh ta zawk a ni. Chung INA sipai an chhuah takte chuan ram chhung hmung hrang hrang an tlawh kual a, an kalna apiangah mipuite’n lo lawmin chawimawina an lo hlan zel a. Chu thil thleng chuan India mite ṭanrualna ṭhatzia a lan chiantir em em a, British lam pawhin India mite’n zalenna neih an duhna chu khap beh rual a ni dawn lo tih an ring thiam ta.

Lawng sipaite paw’n nawrh zai an rel

Indopui 2-na chhung hian British sawrkarin India mi lawng sipai (Royal Indian Navy) a lakte chu kum 1942-1945 chhungin anmahni enkawltu British sipai hotute’n an enkawl danah lungawi lovin helna vawi kua zet an chawk chhuak nia sawi a ni. Indopui a zawh tak hnuah pawh British sawrkar laka an lungawi lohna chu an chhunzawm ta zel a. Kum 1946 khan India lawng sipaite’n helna lian tham tak an chawk chhuak a, chu chu ‘Royal Indian Navy Mutiny’ emaw ‘The Naval Mutiny of 1946’ tia sawi a ni. Lawng sipaite helna hian India rama lawng chawlhna lian zawng zawng a nghawng tia sawi theih a ni a, he helnaah hian sipaite mai bakah, lawng chawlhna awmna khawpuia cheng mipuite pawn an zâwm ṭha em em a ni. He thil thleng hi a hnuah British chuan an khap dai thei ta a, mahse, India rama lawng sipate lakah buaina dang awm leh ta se, sipaite chu an lamṭang an ni tawh dawn lo tih an chiang hle. British lam pawhin India sipaite ber an chungah an lawm loh chuan, awp beh reng chu an tana thil harsa tak a ni chho zel dawn tih chu an chiang viauin a rinawm.

Indopui 2-nain British sawrkar nasa takin a nghawng

Kum 1941 August ni 14 khan United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt leh British Prime Minister Winston Churchill te chuan Indopui 2-na a tâwp huna khawvel ram hrang hrangte’n remna leh muanna an neih theih nan inremna thuthlung an siam a, chu chu ‘Atlantic Charter’ tih a ni. Chuta an thuthlung ziaha tihhlawhtlin an tum zingah chuan, ram hrang hrangte’n mahnia rorelna an nei theih dan turte leh ram mipuite duh dan kalhin ramri siam danglam a ni lo ang tihte a tel. Hetianga British-in Atlantic Charter a rawn sawi chhuah takah chuan a awp mek ram tam takin zalenna neih an beiseina pawh a sang hle a ni. Amaherawhchu, British PM Churchill-a chuan chu thuthlung chu an hmelma Germany leh an ṭanrualpuite tan chauha siam a nih thu a sawi ve tlat thung.

Indopui 2-na chu kum 1945-ah a tawp a, British sawrkar pawh khawvel ram hrang hrangah remna leh muanna a awm theih nana a meizang hlaptu berah a ṭang chho ta a, United Nations (UN) din chhuaktu zingah an tel. UN chuan indopui a zawh hnua khawvel ram hrang hranga sawrkar liante’n ram tê zawk an awpte chu tihtawp a, zalenna pek tumin chak takin hma an rawn la chho ta a ni. Chutiang a nih mek laia British-in India ram an la awp chhunzawm zel pawh chu khawvel sawrkar dangte lakah hmai phih tur zau tak an nei tihna a ni.

Chu mai bakah, British sawrkar chu Indopui 2-naah nasa taka an inhman dâk avangin an ram ei leh bar zawnna leh sum leh pai lak luhin nasa takin a tuar a, leiba tam tak an nei chho a ni. Indopui 2-na zawha British-in leiba a neih hi Pound tluklehdingawn 21 vel nia sawi a ni. Chutianga leiba nei ṭûn chung chuan khawvel hmun hrang hranga an awp ramte enkawl chhunzawm zel chu thil huphurhawm takah a chang chho ta bawk. India ram enkawl chhunzawm zel pawh an tan sum leh pai senso tur chhûtin chhunzawm ai chuan chhuahsan mai chu thil finthlak tak tur a nihna lai a awm.

Kum 1945 July thlaah United Kingdom-ah inthlanpui neih a ni a, Labour Party-in sawrkarna changin, Clement Attlee chu Prime Minister thar a ni a. A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, Clement Attlee kaihhruai sawrkar hnuaiah hian an ram sum leh pai dinhmun chhe tak siamṭhat nan kawng hrang hrangin hma an la a, an awp ram ṭhenkhat aṭanga inhnuhdawh chu an ram sum leh pai siamṭhat nana tih loh theih loh thil a chang ta a. India ram chu kum 1947 August ni 15 khan British lak aṭangin zalenna pumhlûm pek a lo ni ta a ni. British-in India leh Pakistan hnena a ni zawna zalenna a pe ta mai chu Indopui 2-na vanga an ram sum leh pai dinhmun a chhiat em avangin an tana thil tihmakmawh a ni ve reng a ni tiin zirmi ṭhenkhat chuan an tarlang.

A chunga kan sawi tak ang hian, Indopui 2-na khan India ramin zalenna a neih theihna tur kawngah nghawng nasa tak a nei tih kan hre thei awm e. Zalenna ni hman nuam vek u le. 

- Dr. Lalzarzoa, Department of History, Gov’t. J Buana College, Lunglei