Mizorama Gorkha-te awm ṭan dan

Mizoramah hian Gorkha-te hi an awm ṭanna a rei tawh viau mai a. Inṭhenawm, inhne rengin awm mah ila, an chanchin hi Mizote’n kan ngaihven lem lo viau mai. Kan chenpuite ni mah se, an hnawksak loh vang hian nge, kan ngaihven lutuk loin a hriat deuh.

Gorkha hi tute nge?

Gorkha, Nepali tia hriat bawkte hi Nepal ram aṭanga lo kal an ni a. Nepal-ah hian hnam chi hrang hrang an awm a, a lian zualte chu – Gorkha, Newar, Bhotiya, Lepcha, etc. an ni. Kum 1742 khan Prithvinarayan Shah chu Gorkha lal a ni ṭan a, Gorkha lalram hi Kathmandu aṭanga km. 60 vela hlaa awm a ni. Hemi hun lai hi British East India Company vanglai kha a ni a, Tibet nena insumdawn tawn an duh avangin Nepal ram hi an hmu mawh hle. Chuvang chuan, Shah hian Nepal ram chu pumkhata siam a, British lian mek lo dan let chu ṭul a ti a; tichuan, Gorkha hnam aṭangin sipai rual a din ta a ni. Gorkha sipai atana lak hmasakte chu Khas, Magar, Gurung, Rai leh Limbu hnamte an ni a. Heng a sipai chakna hmang hian Shah chuan Nepal ram pumpui chu a inzawmkhawmtir thei a, British ho lo dan lêt chu an tum ber a ni.

British leh Gorkha-te chu an indo ta ngei a, Anglo-Nepal War (1812-1815) a thleng ta a. Hmanraw nei chhe zawk mah ni se Gorkha sipaite chu an huaisen hle. He indona hi Treaty of Sugauli-in a tawp a, British ho chuan Gorkha sipaite huaisenna chu an duh hle a, chuvangin, an sipai atan an awt ta a. Gorkha Recruitment Treaty chu Gen. David Ochterlony leh Gen. Amar Singh Thapa ten an ziak ta a ni.

British ho hian Gorkha hnam hi an duh em em mai a. Capt. Hearsay chuan, “Gorkha-te hi hnam paukhauh, rilru nghet nei, rinawm, thuawih bawk si an ni a, Hindu sakhaw bia rau rauah pawh an rilru a zau bawk a. Kan hnuaiah hian duhthusam sipai an ni thei,” tiin a ziak. Tichuan, Gorkha-te chu British sipaiah an lut ta chum chum mai a, anmahni tan pawh British sipai an nih chuan eizawnna ngelnghet zawk, sipai nunchan zir theihna, an rinawmna leh huaisenna an lantir theihna a lo ni a, Sapho hnuaiah sipai ṭha tak leh rinawm takah an lo chhuak ta a ni.

British ho hian Gorkha sipaite hi hmun hrang hrangah an hmang ṭangkai hle. Indian sipai tam tak nei mah se, an awpbeh luih hnam, Indian ho chu an ring tak tak ngam lo. Chuvangin, Gorkha-te hi an hmatheh nasa a, North East India an luahna kawngah pawh Gorkha sipaite hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang.

Mizoram leh Gorkha-te

Thomas Herbert Lewin (Thangliana) khan Gorkha sipai chungchang hi hetiang hian a lo ziak a. “Gorkha hnam hi ka ngaisang hle mai, Lushai Hills luhchhuahna kawngah a thawk nasa ber, huaisen ber leh hmahruaitu an ni a, ramria chentir a, tlang mite leh phai mite inkara buaina chhuak ṭhin tirehtu turin ka duh a ni,” tiin.

Heta Thangliana’n a sawi hi Vailen 1-na (1871-72) kha a ni. Zoluti la let tur leh Lusei lalte hrem turin British an rawn thawk a. Hemi lai hian Thangliana hi Chittagong-ah a awm a, Southern Column chu Thangliana hova Lushai Hills rawn lut an nih tak kha.

Vailen 1-naah hian Gorkha sipai tam tak an rawn tel a, an hotu, Sap hote chuan Indian sipaite aiin an fak nasa hle. A.S. Reid phei chuan, “Gorkha sipaite chuan an duhtawka an Khukri an han hmang mai chu, tih theih loh an nei lo emaw tih mai tur a ni,” a ti hial. Colonial ethnographers reng reng hian Gorkha sipaite hi nasa takin an fak vek mai a, an tan chuan sipai rinawm leh huaisen an nih avangin fak àwm reng pawh an ni e.

Tichuan, Vailen 1-na hi Gorkha hnamte’n Mizoram an rawn rah hmasak berna a ni. Vailianin Mizoram an chhuahsan fel hnu khan Thangliana chuan Mizoram ramri-ah khua a din a, chuta cheng tur hian Gorkha-te a chah a. Thangliana beisei dan chuan Gorkha-te chu tlangmi ve tho an nih avangin Mizote nen an inkawmngeih theih a ring a ni. Kum 1873 khan chu'ng khuate chu endik turin Thangliana chu a zin kual nghe nghe. Tin, Thangliana hi Sirte tlangah a cheng a, a chenna hmun hi police outpost hmunah hman a nih avangin Gorkha sipaite’n an luah ngei a rinawm bawk a; chuvangin, he lai hi Gorkha-te inbenbelna hmasa berte pawh a tih theih ang.

Vailen 1-naah hian Sap ho chu an awm hlen lo a, an kir leh ta mai a. Thangliana khaw dinte pawh a zûzî ta niin a lang. Heng lai hmun hi Gorkha-te awmna hmasa mah ni se, hmuh theih thil a awm tawh loh avangin sûlhnu chhui tur a awm lem lo.

Kum 1889-1890 ah Vailen 2-na a thleng leh a, hemi ṭum hian British ho chu an rawn thawk rip hle; awm hlen a, Mizoram pum awp nghal turin an rawn thawk a ni. Hemi ṭum pawh hian sipai an hruai tam zawk chu Gorkha sipaite an ni. Kan hriat ṭheuh angin he Vailian hi an hlawhtling em em a, Mizoram pum chu British thuneihna hnuaiah an lut ta a ni mai. Tichuan, British ho chuan Aizawl leh Lunglei hmunpuia hmangin, cheng zui turin an inruahman ta a, hmar lamah McCabe chu Superintendent a ni a, chhim lamah Shakespear chu Superintendent a ni ta thung. Heng hun lai hian Aizawl leh Lungleiah mihring cheng an la tlem em em a, khaw hrang hrangah inhlat tak takin an la awm a; chuvang chuan, khawpui luah lum hmasatute chu Sapho leh Gorkha sipai ho an ni zawmah ta.

Sapho hian Gorkha hnamte sipaia an lak rual hian kuli atan an la bawk a. Chu'ng kulite chu sipai puak phurin Vailianah hian an rawn tel ve ṭeuh bawk. Saphoin khawpui an han din takah khan heng ho hi an hman ṭangkai hmasakte an ni.

British ho khan Aizawl leh Lungleia khawpui an siam khan hnathawh tur hrang hrang a lo awm ta a. Mizote chu hnam dang nena inchiahpiah ngai lo an ni a, khawpui siam hnate chu an tan thil thar a ni bawk a. Tihluihnaa awpbettu Sapho chungah an rilru a la hel em em bawk. Heng vang hian Sapho tan Mizote chhawr theih an ni lo. Chuvangin, Gorkha kulite chu hna hrang hrang an thawhtir a, thil ṭul hmasa, mihring tha an mamawhna si-ah chuan Gorkha ho an chhawr ta zel.

An awm ngheh zel takah chuan an ram enkawl tura fan kual a, zinte a lo ngai a, chu'ng atan chuan British ho chuan banglate an sa chho va; damdawi in, dâk in leh a dangte pawh sak a lo ngai ta zel a. Heng hmunahte hian chowkidar hna te, dâkpu hna te, chawchhum leh hna dang dangah Gorkha-te chhawr hmasak zel an ni.

Aizawl hi Mizoram khawpui tura duan chhoh kha a ni ta a. Kan sawi tawh angin, Aizawlah Mizo cheng an tlem em em a, ram ruak a la tam hle. Heng ram ruakahte hian British ho chuan Gorkha-te an chentir ṭan ta a, ran an vulhtir a, huan an siamtir a, thei huante an siamtir a. Hei vang hian Aizawl veng hrang hrang hming hmasa khan Nepali hming an pu fur mai. Heng – Tuikual (Gairi Gaon), Dinthar (Survey Tilla/ Keltawlh), Vaivakawn (Kansi Bhanjyang), Hunthar (Pathar Khana), Zotlang (Sriman Tilla), Rangvamual (Khagdiya), Lawipu (Bhaisi Goth), Chawlhhmun (Labor Ghari), Chhangurkawn (Debithan), Bazar Bungkawn (Bar Bhanjyang), Dawrpui Vengthar (Gurung Tol) tihte hi a lar zual chu an ni awm e.

Gorkha sipai, chawlh laa hawte chuan an nupui fanaute an rawn hruai a, Mizoram a han inhawn zau takah khan hnathawh tur zawngin Gorkha dangte an lo kal belh zel bawk a. British ho lahin an duhsak avangin an lo chhawr zel bawk. Sipai pension duhte pawh chenna tur hmun pein an awmtir zui zel a. Gorkha-te tan lah an ram hla taka haw leh ngai lo, roreltute duhsak hlawh bawk si leh awmna tur ṭha tak neih chu duhthusam a lo ni a. An fate lah British hovin sipai atan an chhawr zui leh dawn tih a chiang sa bawk si.

Thil dang awm leh chu, Mizote khan British ho kha an haw em em. Tihluihnaa awp bet a, an lalte man a, hremtute chungah khan an lungawi lo. Chuvangin, British ho khan Gorkha-te kha anmahni leh Mizote inkara awm atan an duh, a tih theih bawk awm e. British ho hian fing takin North East an awpbehnaah hian tlangmi Gorkha-te an hruai lut a, Mizoramah pawh Gorkha sipai an hruaite hi tlangmi an ni deuh vek. Mizote'n an lo kawm ngeih theih tur tlangmi, rilru leh sûkthlêk pawh inang tur an thlang niin a lang bawk.

Tichuan, Gorkha-te chuan awmhmun an khuar ta zel a, a tirah chuan British sorkar khan an awmna tur hmun an ruatsak thlap a. Mahse, Mizo lalte zingah an khuaa Gorkha awm phalna dil hialte an lo awm ve ta zel a, Superintendent chuan Mizo khaw pakhata Gorkha chhungkaw pahnih khat awm chu a pawi a ring lo a, a remti ta a ni.

Gorkha-te chu Mizoram khaw hrang hrangah an awm darh ta zel a, British sorkar hnuaia hnathawk bakah, sawi tawh angin Mizo lalte'n an khuaa awm tura an sawmte pawh an awm. Gorkha-te hi an awmna hmun apiangah hnam hnawksak an ni ngai lo a, an ṭhenawm, inpui changtu, Mizote mitmei veng thiam takin an khawsa hlawm a tih theih.

Hetiang hi Mizorama Gorkha-te lo luh dan leh an inbenbel dan nia lang chu a ni a. British sorkar khan Mizo leh Gorkha-te inawm pawlh dan tur zatah hian ruahmanna fel tak an nei a, Aizawl veng hrang hrangah pawh a luahtu hmasa ni mah se la, hun rei vak lo hnuah Mizo an chentir tam zawk zel. Hei hian a lantir nia lang chu Gorkha-te khan Mizo an chîmral an phal lo a ni thei ang.

Chutihrualin, Mizote hian Gorkha-te aṭangin thil tam tak kan zir a tih theih. Leilet siam te, thei huan neih te, bawng vulhte hi Gorkha-te aṭanga kan zir chhuah chu a ni chiang mai. Leilet siam hi Col. Shakespear-a'n kum 1898 khan Champhaiah a ṭan a; Gorkha sipaite chu leilet siam zirtirtuah an ṭang a, Sukrim Bahadur Thapa phei chu laipuipu a nihna aṭanga bângin leilet siam zirtirtu atan sorkarin a ruai ngat a ni.

British sorkar khan Lal Singh Thapa (Lalchhinga) phei chu Hriangmual lal atan a dah a, Mizo nupuia neiin, Sapte laka tlatlum takin a awm. Welsh Mission-in Hriangmual (tuna Mission Veng) chu an hmunpui atan an duh tâk avangin Lalchhinga kut aṭangin an lei chhâwng a, Lalchhinga chu Tlangnuam lal atan dah zui a ni. Tlangnuamah hian rei tak chhung ro a rel hnuah, khawthlang lamah a insawn leh ta a ni.

Vawiina Gorkha tam zawkte hi Vailen 2-naa Sapho ruala rawn kal thlahte kha an ni. Chutihrualin, kum 1950 hnu lama a hran liau liaua lo lut an awm bawk. Mizorama awm nghet intite leh a hnuhnung lama rawn kalte inkar hi chu a zau ve viau. Awm nghette hian ram dang nei an inti lem lo a, Mizoram hi an awmna hmun nghetah ngaiin sakhaw biak inang lo mah se, Mizote zai ngai taka awmin, an lu an phûmna hmun turah an ngai.

Gorkha hnamte hi Mizorama an rawn awm ṭan tirh aṭangin hnam hnawksak lo tak an ni. India-in zalenna a hmuh a, Sapho an chhuah dawn pawh khan an pute chu zui ve duh loin, Mizorama awm zui zel an thlang zawk. Kum 1966 rambuaiah pawh khan Gorkha-te hi an ṭang na ve hle a, MNA-a inpe eng emaw zat an awm. MNF thlawptu nih avanga harsatna lian tham tawkte leh jail-a tâng hial te, ramhnuaia thi te, in leh lo chânte tam tak an awm. Gorkha-te leh rambuai hi a hrana sawi tham a awm tih hriat a ṭha awm e. Tin, Mizo MNF/MNA-te ka kawmnaah hian rambuai lai khan Gorkha zingah ‘kâwktu’ an awm lo tih thu hi an sawi vek mai.

Mizo leh Gorkha inkarah hian vawiin thleng hian a hnam anga buaina lian tham a chhuah hi kan hre lêm lo âwm e. Gorkha hnamte hi an awmna ram apiang mila insiamrem thei tak an lo ni ve hrim hrim bawk a; Mizote tih dan ṭha leh mawite hi an entawn nasa hle a, an hnam kalphungah pawh lak luh ve mai an hreh lo. Mizo Kristiante tih danin Chawlhni-ah an inkhawm a, naupangte tan sande sikul an nei a; khawvela Hindu sakhaw be zinga Chawlhnia mumal taka inkhawmna nei awm chhun an ni.

Tin, Mizote chi binga kan inthliar ve lo hi ṭha an tih em avangin kum 1980 chho aṭang khan Gorkha-te zingah chi inthliarna an nei tawh lo. Hnam ṭha ber pawh hnam hnuaihnung ber nen intluk rengin an awm. Thihna chungchangah pawh Mizote tih dan an entawn nasa a, tih dan ṭha zawk nia an ngaih hi an hnam tih danah an la lut mai a ni. Chuvangin, Mizorama Gorkha-te hi hmun danga Gorkha-te nen an inang lo viau âwm e.

Gorkha-te hnen aṭangin Mizovin hnathawh dante kan zir kan tih rualin, anni pawhin kan tih dan ṭha leh mawite Mizote hnen aṭangin an zir ve bawk a. Ṭhenawm bengchheng lo tak, hnawk lem lo tak, sakhua leh hnam kalphung inang miah si loah chuan Mizote'n kan chênpui theih ber hnam an ni ber awm e. 

- Dr. Zoremsiami Pachuau