Blockchain technology
Blockchain chu network zau tak nena inthlun zawm digital database hmanga ruahmanna fel tak leh security ṭha tak nena data dah khawl dan chi khat a ni. Network huam chhunga mite’n digital database (ledger) pakhat an inhman ṭawm a, control-tu bik an awm lo. Member tinte’n transaction record an hriatpui vek a, chawh reh leh tihdanglam theih a ni lo.
Mi dang en ruk leh khawih chingpen theih loh tura him taka data transfer nan leh vawn ṭhat nan code leh key hmanga information venhimna (cryptography) khauh tak nei a ni. Venhimna khauh leh rintlak siam turin cryptography hian algorithm hrang hrang–AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) leh Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), etc. a hmang bawk.
Hei vang hian digital financial service, information pawimawh dah khawm leh thawn kual nan leh digital service hrang hrangah mimal, pawl leh sorkarte’n an hmang nasa hle. A bik takin sorkar leh bank control-tu bik nei lo cryptocurrency (digital/ virtual currency) lar tak tak Bitcon, Ethereum, Litecoin, Monero, Ripple, Dash, etc. dahṭhat nan leh transaction record nana hmangtu an pung chak viau. Kumin 2024 thleng hian khawvel pumah cryptocurrency neitu maktaduai 560 aia tam an awm mek.
Blockchain data record dan:
Data pakhat dah khawmna (digital folder) hi block an ti. Block tin hian chhinchhiahna bik (unique code) an nei vek a, chu chu ‘hash’ an ti. Hash hmang hian block an inthlun zawm ṭhin. Block-ah hian hash, transaction information leh a hnung chiaha block hash a awm. Block tin hian an hnung chiah block hash an neih zel avang hian chain angin fel takin indawt thlapa inremin an inzawm vek. Hei hi blockchain an vuah nachhan a ni. Block a tam poh leh chain a sei a ni mai. Block awm thei zat hi bithliah (fix) a ni lo. Block (digital folder) chhunga khawih chingpen theih loh khawpa security khauh tak nena transaction (data) chhinchhiahna digital database (ledger) lian tak a ni.
Blockchain hnathawh dan:
Bitcoin lei leh hralh, data update, sharing leh thil tih hrim hrimte hi transaction an ti. Transaction tih dawn apiangin Blockchain's Consensus Mechanism-in a verify (enfiah) phawt a ngai. Verify turin network thlun zawm computer (nodes) tinah transaction request thawn vek a ni. Veriy a nih hnuah block thar a insiam a, network computer (nodes) tinte hriatpuina nen transaction thar leh a awm sa a in-record a; a hnung chiaha block awm nen a inzawm (connect) nghal a, blockchain a in update a, transaction a zo ta.
Blockchain platform:
Hei hi blockchain infrastructures, network, security leh services hrang hrang tih theihna software application a ni a, tam tak a awm. A hmanna azirin financial purpose platforms leh non financial platform bakah, a hmang theitu azirin public platform leh private platform-ahte ṭhen a ni. Platform lar zualte chu a hnuaia mite hi a ni.
Financial purpose platforms: Indian company Corda (banking, insurance, capital market), Quorum (wholesale payment, security settlement, derivative), Stellar (cross-border payment, remittance, micropayment), Ripple (cross-border payment, liquidity provision, remittance).
Non financial platform: Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric leh Multichain (supply chain, healthcare, identity management, manufacturing, etc). Financial leh service dang tikhawp thei Indian company Oracle Blockchain, Blockchain Foundry, Primechain a awm bawk.
Education platform: Blockcerts, APPII, Parchment, Sony Global Education, ODEM.
Student platform: BitDegree, Disciplina, Blockchain Education Network, Crypto College.
Business Organizations platform: Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, Quorum).
Govt. department platform: Blockchain-based public procurement system, Blockchain-based land registry system, Blockchain-based identity management system). India ram bikah business & govt. deptt. platform–Primechain, Blocckend, 5ire a awm bawk.
Blockchain join dan:
1. Internet aṭangin i hmanna mil tur platform i zawng ang a, duh i thlang ang.
2. Platform website/mobile app-ah account siam tur.
3. Identity verification KYC (Know Your Customer)/ AML (anti-money laundering) check tur.
4. Finance kaihkhawih atan a nih chuan cryptocurrency/ token dahna tur digital wallet siam tur.
5. Platform online community, forum, social media group join a, discussion-ah te tel ve, tih tur ṭul angte tih ve zel tur.
6. Platform blog/ news regular taka check a, transaction kan neih apiangin update tur.
Mimal, pawl leh sorkar department-te’n service an neih dan azirin platform pakhat emaw, pakhat aia tam a join theih. Financial service-ah minimum investment rate a awm. Mining operation hi a sang a, Rs 50,000–5,00,000 a ni. Initial coin offering-ah Rs 5,000–50,000 emaw, a aia tam emaw. Cryptocurrency exchange-ah Rs 500 – Rs 1,000 emaw, Rs 10,000–50,000 emawin bul a ṭan theih, fix a awm lo.
India rama Blockchain langsarte:
Cryptocurrency: 2010 aṭangin Bitcoin a rawn lar hle a, transaction chak zawk Litecoin (LTC) a awm bawk. India rama Bitcoin exchange hmasa ber BuySellBitco.in 2013 khan an siam. Kum 2014 khan Reserve Bank of India (RBI) chuan cryptocurrencies hi a him loh thu warning a tichhuak a, 2018-ah a khap. Kum 2020-ah Supreme Court-in khapna hi a hlip. Hmangtu an pun nasat em vangin 2020 khan India sorkar laipui chuan cryptocurrency bill a duan tur thu a puang a ni.
Education sector:
Kum 2017 aṭang khan Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-in degree verification & authentication tihna atan an hmang a, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Trichy chuan kum 2018 aṭangin academic record vawn ṭhat nan an hmang. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)-in kum 2018 aṭangin degree verification & authentication atan an hmang bawk.
Health sector:
Sorkar laipui chuan kum 2017 aṭangin healthcare data sorkarin a vawn him nan an hmang a, Apollo Hospitals-te’n kum 2018 aṭangin patient electronic health record atan an mhang a, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-in kum 2020 aṭangin medical research data vawn him nan an hmang.
Transport sector:
Ticket booking, tracking, vehicle registration, tracking leh transportation data leh passenger data dah khawm nan hmang a ni a, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways-in kum 2018 aṭangin a hmang. Indian Railways-in kum 2019 aṭangin ticket track leh monitor nan an hmang bawk.
Banking sector:
Customer data vawn him, finanancial transaction leh service hrang hrang atan hman a ni. Hmangtu langsar zual leh hman ṭan kumte chu : SBI-in kum 2016-ah, ICICI Bank-in kum 2016-ah, Infosys-in kum 2017-ah, Tata Consultancy Services-in kum 2018-ah, Punjab National Bank-in kum 2019-ah, Bajaj Finance-in kum 2019-ah, SBI Life Insurance-in kum 2019-ah, Mahindra Finance-in kum 2019-ah.
Election Commission of India (ECI) chuan kum 2020 khan Telangana-ah pilot project hlawhtling takin an nei a, ram puma hmang turin an inbuatsaih mek. Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)-in Aadhaar data dah khawm leh venhim nan November 2020 aṭangin an hmang ṭan. Online shopping website–Amazon, eBay, Walmart, etc. ten kum 2017 aṭangin product deliver, tracking, online payment leh customer data vawn him nan an hmang bawk. Ni tin hmangtu an pung zel a, keini pawhin kan la hmang ṭangkai viau dawn niin a lang.
- Er. Chhungpuia Renthlei,
Senior Technical Officer, NIELIT Aizawl