‘Tyranny of the Majority’ leh ‘Tyranny of the Minority’

THUHMA

Sap ṭawnga ‘tyranny’ an tih hi JF Laldailova chuan Mizo ṭawngin ‘lal râwnna’ tiin a dah a. ‘Majority’ tih chu ‘a tam zawkte’ tihna a ni a, ‘minority’ tih chu ‘a tlem zawkte’ tihna a ni tih mi tin hriat a ni. Chuvangin ‘Tyranny of the majority’ leh ‘Tyranny of the minority’ tihte chu ‘A tam zawkte lal râwnna’ leh ‘A tlem zawkte lal râwnna’ tih ila, a sual em lo vang chu maw.

TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY

‘Tyranny of the majority’ tih ṭawngkam leh ngaihtuahna hi French historian leh political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville’n (1805-1859) a hmang hmasa ber awm e. Majoritarianism tihte pawhin sawi a ni ṭhin. System (tih dan, inrelbawl dan) hi ‘ism’ a nih tawh chuan, system nghet takin a kal tawh ṭhin a, sawisel theih a ni tawh ṭhin lo. Tihdanglam pawh harsa tak a ni tawh ṭhin.

Democracy politics khawvelah chuan majority sawrkar tih hian ram mipui tam zawk vote hmua sawrkarna siam presidential system emaw, thlan tlin (MP/MLA) member tam zawk neiha sawkarna siam parliamentary system emaw a kawk a. Tyranny of the majority tih leh majoritarianism tih chu sawrkarin opposition (minority) thusawi leh rawtnate chu thil ṭha a nih leh nih loh lam ngaihtuah lem lova hnawl vek tumna leh hnawl vek ṭhinna a kawk a ni. Anmahni ruling party memberte thusawi leh rawtna leh sawrkar rawtnate a nih chuan majority an nihna hmang ṭangkaia pawm zel tumna leh pawm zelna a kawk bawk. Chumi avang chuan he kal dan hi tyranny of the majority (a tam zawkte lal râwnna) tia koh hial a lo ni ta.

Vote zawng zawng hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih (66.67%) leh a chung lam vote hmua super majority sawrkar siamtute pawh an awm ṭhin. Super majority nei sawrkar chuan tunlai dinhmun nena inmil tawh lo constitution bung leh changte ṭha an tih ang leh an duh dan anga tihdanglam theihna vote an nei a, a ṭha hle. Chutih rualin, chapona, dictatorship leh tyranny of the majority lama luh a awl hle ve thung a, a hlauhawmna chin a awm ve a ni. Tyranny of the majority pumpelh a nih theihna turin sawrkarna siam tawk lek 50-60% inkar vote hian sawrkar siam ṭhin se a ṭha hle zawk mai thei. Ram tana thil ṭha tur a nih dawn phawt chuan danpui siamṭhat rawtnate telin, opposition lamin an vote-pui mai ang.

Kawng dangah chuan, tyranny of the majority system chu population tam zawk leh hmasawn zawk majority hnamte’n population tlem zawk leh hnufual zawk minority hnamte himna, feeling, duh dan, hnam zia (culture), ṭawng leh hmasawnnate ngaihtuahpui leh hriatthiampui tumna nei lo va, minority-te chu rapbet a, kal khumin majority hnam zia leh ṭawnga assimilate (chimral) tumna system a ni. Chutianga majority hnamte lal râwnna hnuaiah chuan minority-te chanvo a chhe hle ṭhin. Hnam anga an dam khawchhuahna (survival) thlengin a nghawng phah thei.. Population tam zawk nei sakhua chuan population tlem zawk nei sakhua rapbetin a kal khum thei bawk a, kohhran leh kohhran inkarah pawh chutiang thil chu a thleng thei a ni.

Majority-te hmuh dan leh ngaih dante hi ṭha ber leh dik ber a ni ziah kher lo tih pawh hriat tel a ṭha hle awm e. Numbers bung 13-naa Kanan ram enthlak thuah khan minority-te hmuh dan leh ngaihdan kha Pathian duh zawng a ni tlat. Enthlatu 12-te zingah khan minority (Joshua leh Kaleba) hmuh dan leh ngaihdan kha Pathian duh zawng a ni a, majority (enthlatu 10 rualte) hmuh dan leh ngaihdante kha Pathian duh loh zawng a ni. Chuvangin, minority-te hmuh dan leh ngaihdante hi ngaih pawimawh ve ṭhin a ṭha hle. Hemi avang hian a ni ang, USA-ah chuan opposition tih ṭawngkam hmang lovin minority tih an hmang zawk a ni: minority leader, minority-te hmuh dan leh ngaihdan, etc.

TYRANNY OF THE MINORITY

Havard University-a political scientist pahnih – Daniel Ziblatt leh Steven Levitsky te chuan nikum (2023)-ah khan Tyranny of the Minority tih lehkhabu an chhuah a. A tawi zawngin sawi ila; USA inthlanna dan constitution an sawisel a ni deuh ber. USA-ah chuan president thlannaah candicate pakhat chuan mipui (popular) vote-ah hmu tam zawk mah se, electoral college (state upate) vote-ah absolute majority (50+%) a hmu lo a nih chuan thlan tlina puan a ni thei lo. A khingpui chuan mipui vote hmu tlem zawk mah se la, electoral college vote-ah absolute majority a hmuh tlat chuan thlan tlina puan a ni ṭhin. A awmzia chu–ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh chu president a ni thei tihna a ni.

Entirna’n, kum 2016-a USA inthlanpuiah khan Pu Donald Trump chuan electoral college vote 538-ah 304 (56.5%) hmuin, tlin theihna tur 270 aia tam fe a hmu a, mipui vote erawh chu 6,29,84,828 (46.1%) chauh a hmu thung. A khingpui Pi Hillary Clinton khan mipui vote-ah chuan Pu Trump aia hmu tam zawk fein, 6,58,53,514 (48.2%) lai hmu mah se la, electoral college vote 227 chauh a hmuh avangin thlan tlin a ni ta lo. Mipui vote 5% vel chu party dangteah a kal a ni. Hetiang system hi Ziblatt leh Levitsky chuan kal dan tur leh thil dik leh ṭha niin an hre lo va, mi tlem zawkte’n an duh leh an vote sawrkar neih a, chu ‘minority’ sawrkarin a thu thua rorelna a kalpui chu tyranny of the minority (a tlem zawkte lal râwnna) an ti hial a ni.

Multi-party parliamentary system-ah pawh hian chutiang thil chu a awm ve thei. Kan hriat ṭheuh angin multi party parliamentary system-ah chuan mipui tam zawk (50+%) absolute majority vote hmuh a ngai lo. Candidate-te zinga vote hmu tam ber chu thlan tlina puan a ni mai. A awmzia chu–political party pakhat emaw, party pakhat aia tam coalition emaw chuan mipui tam zawk vote hmu lo mah se la, MP/MLA member tam zawk (50+%) an neih chuan sawrkar an siam thei. Hei pawh hi thlirna tlang dang aṭanga thlir chuan, he ziaktuin ‘Majority vs Plurality’ tih thupui hmanga multi party parliamentary system ṭhat lohna (weakness) a critique (sawisel) ang khan, mipui tam zawkin an vote loh party-in sawrkar a siam chuan ‘minority’ sawrkar a nihna lai a awm a ni, a ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh zawk party a nih avangin.

Entirna’n, nikuma (2023) Mizoram inthlanpuiah khan ZPM chuan MLA seat 40-ah seat 27 lai lain sawrkar siam mah se, mipui vote erawh chu 37.86 % chauh an hmu a, Mizoram mipui tam zawk (62.14%) chuan ZPM an vote lo tihna a ni. Kumin (2024) India inthlanpuiah pawh Central-a rorel lai NDA chuan mipui vote 46.2% chauh a hmu a, India mipui tam zawk (53.8%) chuan NDA chu an vote lo tihna a ni. Chutianga mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh party leh coalition-te’n sawrkar an siam theihna multi party parliamentary system chu sawi tawh angin, ‘minority’ sawrkar an nihna lai a awm ve a. Chu minority sawrkar chuan mipui tam zawk feeling leh sentiment-te ngaih pawimawh lo a, an thu thua ro an rel chuan, tyranny of the minority an kalpui tihna a ni.

Kawng dang lehah chuan, ram mipui tam zawk vote hmu sawrkar mah ni se la, an term an han hmang chho va, roreltute nun zia te, an thil tihte leh tih lohte leh sawrkar leh rorelna an kalpui dante avangin mipui tam zawk rinna (confidence) leh pawmpuina (approval) an hloh thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan minority sawrkar an ni tawh tihna a ni a, chuvangin, ram ṭhenkhata hruaitute chuan mawhphurna lain an bâng a, inthlanna hun thlen hma pawhin inthlan an puang mai ṭhin. Ram ṭhenkhata hruaitute erawh chuan mipui rinna leh pawmpuina an hloh tawh a nih pawhin an bâng duh lo a, inthlan pawh a hun a thlen hma chuan an puang duh ṭhin lo. Tyranny of the minority (a tlem zawkte lal râwnna) an kalpui chhunzawm ṭhin.

A lehlamah chuan, sawrkar siamtu party chuan thlan tlin an nih tirhah mipui tam zawk vote hmu lo mah se la, dikna leh rinawmnaa rorelin ram tana hna an thawh ṭhat chuan ram mipui tam zawk rinna leh pawmpuina an hmu leh thei. Zahna, rinna leh pawmpuinate hi a ngena ngen chi emaw, thu pek chi emaw ni lovin, a hlawha hlawh chhuah chi a ni.

TLANGKAWMNA

Majority vote hmuh avanga sawrkar siamtu party chuan minority party-te thusawi leh rawtnate chu hnial leh hnâwl ngawt mai lovin, ram tana ṭha tur thil a nih chuan pawmpui thiam tum se la, a puitlinthlak hle ang a, ramin a ṭhatpui dawn a ni. Chutianga an tih theih chuan kal dan ṭha lo leh hlauhawm ‘tyranny of the majority’ an pumpelh thei ang. Multi party parliamentary system kan hman mek pawh hi tyranny of the minority a awm loh nan amendment siamte pawh a hun tawh.

Hnam mipui zat (population) leh ṭawnga majority-te pawhin minority-te feeling, duh dan, hnam zia (culture) leh ṭawngte zahsak a, hriatthiampui a, an himna tur leh an hmasawnna turte ngaihtuahpui a, minority-te chu majority-te hnam zia leh ṭawngah assimilate an tum loh chuan, ṭhenawm ṭha an ni ang a, ramah remna leh muanna a lêng thei dawn a ni.

Tirhkoh Paula’n, “A tâwp berah chuan unaute u, a dik apiang te, a zahawm apiang te, a fel apiang te, a thianghlim apiang te, a duhawm apiang te, a thang mawi apiangte–ṭhatna rêng a awm a, fakna rêng a awm phawt chuan–chûng chu ngaihtuah rawh u,” tia fuihna thu a sawi angin (Philippi 4:8), majority leh minority-te’n inzahtawnna nei a, thu leh hlate inngaihthlaksak tawn a, feeling-te inhriatthiampui tawn tumin, ram tana ṭha tur thu leh hlate sawihova zaihoin, thil tihhona nei ṭhinte hi ringtute leh mi puitlingte nun dan tur chu a ni e.

- Laiu Fachhai