TB veite chu zawng chhuak la, Enkawl la, tidam rawh
Kum 1982 aṭangin March ni 24 hi khawvel puma TB do ni (World TB day) atana hman ṭhin a ni a. Kumin kan thupui chu, “TB veite chu zawng chhuak la, enkawl la, tidam rawh” tih a ni.
TB natna hi Mizoin 'ngawr' kan tih hi a ni a, a thlentu natna hrik hi Mycobacterium tuberculosis a ni. Kum 1882 March ni 24 khan German Physician Dr. Robert Koch chuan a hmuchhuak a, hemi ni denchhen hian kum tinin March ni 24 hian World TB Day kan hmang ṭhin a ni.
Mizoramah chuan TB vang hian ringtu hmasa Khuma kha kum 1917 khan a boral a. Kum 1938 vel khan Pi Puii pawhin TB veite enkawl hna hi a lo thawk daih tawh a ni. Synod Hospital Durtlangah TB veite enkawlna ward pawh siam a ni. Kum 1976 khan Sorkarin TB Hospital Zemabawkah a hawng a, mah se kum 2012 khan he TB Hospital hi tih tawp a niin Regional Cancer Center atan a hman ni ta a ni. Tunah chuan Falkawnah Drug Resistant - TB Center kan nei a, chu chu February 2012 aṭang khan hman ṭan a ni a, TB benvawn veite chauh dah an ni. Tin, TB pangngai veite tan khum 12 Referral Hospital, Falkawnah siam a ni bawk.
TB hi inkaichhawn awlsam tak a ni a, TB veiten a hrik an khuh chhuah kan hip luh aṭanga inkaichhawn a ni ber. TB hi chi hnihah ṭhen theih a ni - Chuap TB leh Chuap pawnlam TB. Heng HIV positive te, zunthlum te, cancer te, chaw ṭha tlachham te, zuk leh hmuam heh mi, ruihtheih thil ti miten an vei awlsam bik a ni. Chuap TB lanchhuah dan tlangpui chu:
1) Karhnih emaw a aia rei khuh
2) Khawsik a bikin tlai lamah
3) Khak thi
4) Rihna tla hniam
5) Awm chhung na
6) Chawei tui lo
7) Thaw hah
8) Chau ngawih ngawih
9) Lum vang ni loa zan lama thlan fimin a bual ṭhinte.
Chuap pawn lam TB erawh chu a natna awmna hmun a zirin a lanchhuah dan a inang lo ṭhin. Thalbe vung/ bok, lu na (luak, khawsik, nikhaw hre lo), zun thi, naupai thei lo, ruh chuktuah vung etc. TB hi inkaichhawn awlsam hle mah se damdawi hmanga enkawl dam theih a ni.
RNTCP programme hi Mizoramah kum 2003 aṭangin kan hmang ṭan a. He programme hnuaiah hian TB damlote chu a thlawn veka investigation tih sak an nih bakah damdawi pawh a thlawna pek an ni. Damdawi petu DOT Provider ruat sak an ni a, a petu mit hmuh lai ngeiin damdawi an ei tur a ni. Hei hi RNTCP a lungphum pawimawh tak a ni.
Mizoramah he programme kan hman ṭan 2003 aṭang khan kum tin TB vei 1500-2500 vel hmuhchhuah ziah an ni. TB vei khaka hrik awmte hian enkawlna an dawn loh chuan kum khatah midang 10-15 an kaichhawng thei a ni. Tunah chuan TB damloin a hrik a pai a zirin (1) TB pangngai (2) Multi Drug Resistant TB (TB benvawn) a ṭhen an ni.
- TB pangngaite hi Cat-I leh Cat-II pek an ni a, damdawi ei hun chhung hi thla 6-8 a ni.
- TB benvawn erawh chu Cat-IV pek an ni a, thla 24-27 chhung an ei thung. TB pangngai veiten damdawi an ei ṭhat loh vang te, damdawi quality a ṭhat loh vang te, a dose dik loh vang leh eikawp tur (combination) dik lo ei vangte in TB benvawn hi an vei ṭhin. A enkawlna damdawi hi mi pakhatah cheng nuaih 2 aia tam sen a ngai a ni.
TB pangngai veiin a pangngai hrik a thehdarh a, a benvawn veiin a benvawn hrik a thehdarh ṭhin a ni.
Mizoram dinhmun
I. TB pangngai 2014 report :-
1. TB vei nia rinhlelh exam
zawng zawng - 9111
2. TB vei hmuhchhuah zat - 1993
3. TB vanga boral - 74
4. TB HIV vei kawp enkawl zat - 180
5. TB vei enkawl dam - 90%
II. TB benvawn (MDR-TB) kum 2011-2014
1. Hmuhchhuah zat - 134
2. Dam zat - 20
3. Thi zat - 15
4. Enkawlna hlawhchham - 14
MDR-TB hmuhchhuahna khawl CB-NAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) chu WHO kaltlangin Central TB Division, Dept. of Health & Family Welfare, GOI aṭanga dawn a ni. He khawl hi October 2013 khan Falkawnah bun a ni a, December 2013 aṭangin hman ṭan a ni. Hetah hian MDR-TB nia rinhlelhte khak chu exam ṭhin a ni a, follow-up culture erawh chu IRL Guwahati-ah exam a ni. Private aṭang pawhin khak exam tura rawn thawn theih a ni. Private-a damlo enkawlte hi danin a phut angin mahni awmna District TB Centre ṭheuhah report tur a ni. A enkawltu doctor-ten an rawn report ṭhin avangin an chungah kan lawm hle a ni.
RNTCP hlawhtlinna atana pawimawh tak chu kan damdawi petu (DOT provider) te an ni a. Sub-Center-a Multipurpose worker-te leh tlawmngaia damdawi min pek sak ṭhintu (Voluntary DOT provider) ten ṭhahnemngai taka an thawh avangin damlo tam takin damna an chang tawh a ni.
RNTCP hnuaiah hian damloin damdawi a thlawna an dawn mai bakah, damloin damdawi a ei zawhah damdawi petu (DOT Provider) leh damlo hian lawmman (incentive) an la nei bawk. Hetiangin -
1) CAT-I damdawi petu - Rs. 1000/-
2) CAT-II damdawi petu - Rs. 1500/-
3) Drug resistant TB damdawi
petu - Rs. 5000/-
4) MDR-TB (benvawn) patient-te DR-TB center panna man - upto Rs. 1000 (outside district) upto Rs. 400
(within district)
5) Damlo (tribal and difficult areas)
- Rs. 750/- (damdawi ei zawh vekah)
TB hi HIV positive-ten an vei duh hle a, HIV positive-te thih pui tam ber chu TB a ni. Kum 2014 khan TB-HIV vei kawp enkawl zat 180 an awm a, heng mite enkawlnaah hian MSACS lam te nen thawhho a ni. TB-HIV veite hi ART Center an panna man atan Rs. 500 (first visit) thlenga pek theih tura ruahman a ni.
TB vei, kan hmuh hmaih ṭhinte hmuchhuak turin Christian Medical Association of India (CMAI) te, Zoram Entu Pawl (ZEP) leh NGO dangte leh Private Hospital hrang hrangte nen thawhhona ṭha tak kan nei a. Min puihna avangin damlo tam tak hmuhchhuah leh enkawl mek an ni a, an chungah kan lawm hle.
RNTCP hi damlo TB veite tan chuan enkawlna tluantling, sum leh pai seng ral loa a thlawna dawn theih a nih avangin mipuite tana belh tlak a ni. Hemi hre reng hian TB veite leh TB nia inringhlelte chuan kan hnaih ber District TB Center emaw Tuberculosis Unit emaw pan ṭhin ila, kan kal thei lo a nih pawhin mahni khua ṭheuhah khak laksak theitu panin, exam tir ṭheuh ang u.