USA Mizo Day-a CM Lalduhoma thusawi

Ka thisen zawmpui unau duh takte u, hmun hrang hrang aṭanga mahni insengsova Mizo Day hmang tura lo kal zawng zawngte kei leh ka chhungte leh Zoram mipui hmingin chibai ka buk a che u.

Kum 2010-ah khan kan Chief Minister zahawm tak Pu Lal Thanhawla te nupain Mizo Day an lo hmanpui tawh che u a. Kum 2020 khan Mizo Day-a khuallian atan min rawn sawm tawh kha a ni a, Covid-19 avangin lo kal a rem ta lo va, ni 7th Sept. 2020 zanah LPS Studio aṭangin online-in hlim takin kan lo hmang ho tawh a nih kha. Tunah a hmunah ngei kan hmang ho thei ta hi a lawmawm tak zet a ni. In mi lo dawnsawn dante hi kan phu lo va, kan lawm tak meuh a ni.

Khawvel puma Zo faten inunauna leh inpumkhatna nghet zawk kan lo neih theihna tur thinlung pu chungin he Day hi i hmang ang u.

In lamah hna tam tak a awm avangin kan cham rei hman dawn lo va. Chin Community, USA-in Chin New Year Festival-a khualliana min sawmna pawh ka rawn nang thei ta lo va. October thlaa Chin Community of Indianapolis-in Chin Cultural Day Celebration-a khuallian atana min sawmna pawh ka tihlawhtling thei dawn lo. In mi sawmnate hi zahawm ti hle chungin, in hriatthiamna ka ngen a ni.

India sorkar Ministry of External Affairs hriatpuiin lo zin kan ni a, kan programme engkim hi MEA-in min hriatpui vek dawn a, a ṭul chuan Consul General pawhin min ṭawiawm zel dawn a ni. Washington-ah US Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) nen project pawimawh tak sawiho tur kan nei bawk a. Kan hun hi programme pawimawha a khah vek avangin hawi khawthawnna hun pawh kan nei dawn lo a ni.

Chuvangin, mimal emaw, pawl mal emaw, kohhran mal emaw puala a hranga chaw ei leh inkawm a remchang dawn lo va. Maryland leh Indianapolis-a meeting-na hmunah mi zawng zawng lo tel vek turin ka sawm che u a, sawm bik tu mah kan nei lo va, ka zavai atana lo kal kan ni. Meeting-na hmunah thusawi te, zawhnate engkim zalen tak leh zau takin kan nei dawn nia.

• Kan Bible-ah chuan, “Lei chung hmun tina awm turin thlahtu pakhat aṭangin hnam tin a din a, an tan hunbite a thliahsak a, an awmna tur rîte pawh a khamsak a,” tih kan hmu a. Keiniho hi tute nge kan nih a, thlahtu pakhat aṭanga khuanu’n hnama a din kan ni ve em tih chu vawiina kan thupui ber tur a ni dawn a ni.

Lushai/Mizo

Lushai tih hi kan pianpui hnam hming (generic name) a ni lo va, hnam dangin min kohna a ni. Lushai tih chu Lusei aṭanga an lak niin a lang. Mahse, Lusei chu Mizo hnam pêng tam tak zinga pakhat ve mai a ni a, min huap zo lo. Census hmasa ber 1901-ah khan Mizoramah Mizo inti tu mah an la awm lo va; mahni chi bing hming–Lusei, Hmar, Ralte, Paite, Pawite, Mara, etc ti vekin kan la inziak lut a ni.

Kum 1946-ah political party hmasa ber Mizo Union a lo ding ta a. Zo hnahthlak pêng hrang hrangte’n kan zavaia kan hnam hming (nomenclature) atan Mizo chu official-a hman a lo ni ta. Chhiarpui hmasa ber aṭanga kum 60 naah, 1961 Census-ah chuan Mizoramah Mizo inti 88.5% lai kan lo awm ta a ni. Mak deuh mai chu Mizo inti zingah mahni hnam hminga Mizo tih hming hmang pakhat mah kan awm lo, kan zavaia huap hnam hming a ni tawp mai a ni.

Kuki/Chin

Kum 128 liam taah khan Chin Hills Regulation 1896 chuan heti hian a lo record a: “Chins include Lushais, Kukis, Burmans domiciled in the Chin Hills and are habitually resident in the Chin Hills” tiin. Kum 120 liam tawh khan GA Grierson chuan heti hian a lo ziak: “The term Kuki is an Assamese or Bengali word applied to such hill tribes of Lushais, Rangkhols, Thados, etc who were residing within India. On the other hand, Chin is a Burmese word which is used to denote all various hill tribes living in country between Burma and the provinces of Assam and Bengal. The word Kuki and Chin are thus synonymous and are both primarily used for many of the hill tribes in general. Therefore, the word Kuki-Chin was coined and employed by early researchers” tiin. Ref: GA Grierson, the Linguistic Survey of India, 1904, Vol III, part III, p 1,2,3, Calcutta Printing Press, 126.

Kum 76 liam tawh khan Chin Hills Act, 1948 chuan heti hian a lo dah a: “Chins refer to the indigenous ethnic groups inhabiting the Chin Hills region in Western Burma. These groups include–Chin, Kuki, Lai, Mara, Matu, Mizo, Zomi. The Act defined Chins as the various ethnic tribes residing in the Chin Hills District, who share cultural, linguistic and historical ties,” tiin.

Kum 55 liam taah khan Chin Affairs Minister chu Zahrelian a ni a, cabinet minister a ni. Ambassador to France, Holland, Spain, Egypt leh Nepal te a ni bawk. 1975-ah Ambassador to Nepal a nih laiin Dictator Gen. Newin a duh loh avangin USA-ah political asylum a lâ a ni. Pu Zahrelian chuan ti hian a lo ziak a: “Chin hi Kawl-in official-a an hman a ni a, nimahsela, anmahni chuan he hming hi an hmang ngai lo. Chin tih hi Chin-ho thumalah a awm lo reng reng a ni,” tiin. Ref: Chin Dictionary and Grammer by M.Jordan, Paris, 1969.

Kum 37 liam taah khan BS Carey chuan ti hian a lo ziak a: “These Chin Tribes (called Mizo in India) led an uninhabited existence till the end of 19th century, when the British Administrators undertook Surveys and Expeditions and demarcated boundaries (1935) for their administrative purposes dividing the same people into Lushais (Mizos) and Chins in India and Burma respectively” tiin. Ref: BS Carey and HN Tuck. The Chin Hills Vol 1, inner flapped, 2nd para, 1987.

Chuti chuan, heng Lushai, Kuki, Chin tihte hi kan pianpui hnam hming (generic name) ni loin, hnam dangin min kohna mai a ni tih a chiang awm e. A tirah heng hming hi keimahni pawhin kan pu ngai lo va, a lo rei hnuah hian lungawi takin kan pu ta mai niin a lang.

Zo

Kum 1,162 zet liam ta AD 862-ah khan Indo-Burman chanchin ziaktu Chinese historian Fan Cho chuan kan pipute chanchin a ziahnaah Zo tih hi a lo hmang daih tawh. Ref: Chin Hills Linguistic Tour, 1954, University Project by G.H Luce and Journal of Burma Research Society XL11, June 1959 p.i.

Kum 241 liam ta 1783-ah khan Catholic Father Vincent chuan a lehkhabu-ah ZO tiin a lo dah ve bawk (Ref: V.Sangermanoi : A description of the Burmese Empire, edited by Jardine, Rangoon, p 43). Kum 133 liam tawh khan Northern Chin Hills Political Officer Rundall chuan, “Chin hming hi a lo inṭanna ka hre lo, Kawl ṭawng a nih ka ring. Chin ho pawhin a awmzia an hre bik lo, Zo an inti mai a, pakhat aia tamah chuan Zote an inti leh mai,” a lo ti bawk (Ref : F.M.Rundall : Manual of the Siyin Dialect in the Northern Chin Hills, Rangoon, 1891).

Kum 130 liam ta 1894-a Zorama missionary lo chhuak hmasa ber Rev. JH Lorrain (Pu Buanga) chuan dictionary a siamah khan, “Zo tih hi Luseite leh an vela hnam dangte hming a ni” a ti (Ref: JH Lorrain : Dictionary of Lushai Language, 1940, Calcutta Asiatic Society, Aizawl, TRI 1982 p 560). Kum 129 liam ta 1895-ah khan Chin Hills awptu hmasa ber BS Carey chuan, “Chin ho zawng zawng huapa an inkohna chu Zo a ni” a lo ti bawk (Ref: BS Carey and H.N Tuck: A history of the people, our dealings with them, their customs and manners, and the Gazetteer of the Country, TRI Aizawl, 1976 p 23).

Kum 120 liam ta 1904 khan India ram ṭawngte zir chian tuma bei hmasatu Grierson chuan, “Lusei ho leh hmar lama Chin ho tam takte ang bawkin Zahau ho pawhin Zo an inti” a lo ti a. (Ref : G.A Grierson : Linguistic Survey of India, Vol III, Part III, p 109). Kum 112 liam ta 1912-ah khan Thomas H. Lewin (Thangliana) kha 1871-72 a Sap hoin Zoram an rawn rûn ṭuma an hotupa kha a ni a, “Hengho ṭobul chu Zo a ni” a lo ti ve hmiah bawk (Ref : Thomas H. Lewin : A fly on the wheel or how I help to govern India, TRI, Aizawl, 1912, p 248).

Pu Vum Ko Hau kha kum 1955-1975 inkarah France, Cambodia, Indonesia, Australia leh Hungary-ahte Burma Ambassador a ni a, Zo fate zinga ambassador ni hmasa ber a ni. Hetiang hian a lo ziak a, “Chin Hills Gazetteer-a Zo (Chin) an tih leh Kuki an tih chu Burma, E.Pakistan (Bangladesh) leh Assam rama Zo hnahthlak zawng zawngte hming dik tak Zo tia thlak ni se la chuan engkim a fel thên tawh tur,” tiin. (Ref : Vum Ko Hau : Profile of Burma Frontierman, Bandung, 1963, p 297). May 18-19, 1988-a Champhaia World First Zomi Conference-ah khan Zo tih hi kan vaia nomenclature atan pawm a ni.

Heng record hlui aṭang hi chuan Zo tih hi kan zavaia kan pianpui hnam hming–Generic name chu niin a lang. Kan ṭawngkamah pawh – Zo tui thiang, Zo thlifim, Zo ar, Zo artui, Zo vawk, Zo siam, Zo puan, etc kan ti ṭhin. Mizoram UT a lo nih tirh khan motor no. te kha ZRM/ZRG tih vek a ni ṭhin. ZPM pawh hi Zoram Peoples Movement tihna a ni a, Mizoram Peoples Movement (MPM) ti lovin ZPM tih a ni a. Kan hruaitute’n hma thlir thui tak neiin Mizoram ni lovin, Zoram Peoples Party tiin a hming hi an lo sa a ni.

Vawiinah hian rawtna ka siam hauh lo va, kei aia mi thiam zawk, facility nei ṭha zawkte cho chhuah ka tum mai a ni. Nomenclature hi inbarh luih (impose) chi a ni lo va; nakinah chuan kan zavaia kan pawm tlan theih hnam hming min huapzo a lo la pian erawh chu ka beisei tlat a ni.

Kan delh chin ram

Lt. Col. A.S Reid chuan India, Burma leh Bangladesh-a Zo fate delh chin ram zau zawng chu hetiang hian a lo record: 21°–24°N Latitude; 92°–94°E Longitude. ZORO-in UNO-a memorandum a thehluh dt. 20,05.1995-ah khan Zo fate delh chin ram zau zawng chu sq.km. 1,45,600 a ni an ti. Population hi Census data update neih a harsat avangin sawi a har a, nuai 50 vel chu kan nih a rinawm. Kan inkarah hnam dang tlazep awm miah loin tun thlengin ram thleng inzawmin kan la awm a; kum 10 chhungin chanchin ṭha kan dawng hman vek bawk.

• Ṭawng (Language)

R leh G group kan awm a; mipa leh hmeichhe hming tawpa ‘A’ leh ‘I’ dah leh dah lo kan awm bawk. Sentence tinah hian subject, object leh verb a awm zel a; linguistic-te chuan heng pathumte indawt dan inang lo chu thlah khat an ni thei lo, an ti. Zo fate ṭawngah chuan object a hmasa ber a, subject-in a zui a, verb a hnuhnung ber ṭhin a, a indawt dan chu OSV a nih chu. Sap ṭawngah chuan a indawt dan chu SVO a ni daih thung.

Common language pawh hi inbarh luih chi a ni lo va, a pianin a lo la piang chhuak mai ang. Kan pi leh pute hun laia thiam hla te, hladote kan en chuan hmânlai chuan ṭawng thuhmun kan hmang ṭhin tih a hriat theih awm e. ZPM sorkar chuan kan hnam ṭobul chhuitu tur din a tum mek a ni.

• Chin-Lushai Conference, 1892

British-in tihluihnaa min awp hnu khan kum 132 kal tawh, ni 29.01.1892 khan Fort William, Calcutta-ah kan hnam kal zel dan tur relin Chin-Lushai Conference an lo nei a. Chuta telte chu:

1. Lt. Governor of Assam

2. Commander-in-Chief, Madras

3. Chief Commissioner of Assam

4. Chief Commissioner of Burma

5. Foreign Secretary

6. Military Secretary

7. Quarter Master General in India.

He Conference-ah hian Vai ho emaw, Kawl ho emaw nen hnam hrang, inang lo kan nih avangin a hranga rorelna pakhat, Commissioner of Assam hnuaia min dah vek an tum a; inkalpawhna kawngpuite siam phawt ni se tih a ni. Mahse, hei hi a puitling ta lo. Tunah chuan India, Burma leh Bangladesh-ah kan lo inṭhen darh zo ta rih a ni.

Freedom Movement

1) Zo fate zinga zalenna sualtu hmasa ber chu Chin Hills aṭanga MP Pu Hrangnawl, Thantlang a ni. Lt.Col. Sonkhopau nen 1964-ah E.Pakistan-ah training neiin, sipai 30 an nei a. Provincial United Chin Government an din a. Prime Minister–Tunkhopum Biate; Defense Minister–Lt.Col Sonkhopau leh, Foreign Minister – Hrangnawl te an ni. Sonkhopau hi Nagaland-ah Assam Rifles-in an man a; Tunkhopum hi MNF camp-ah a thi a ni.

2) MNF-te’n 1966-ah independence an puang a, 1986-ah India nen an inrem leh.

3) Tripura-ah 1983-ah Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhol hovin Tripura National Volunteer an din a, ni 12.08.1988-ah India nen inremna an siam.

4) Ni 20.03.1988-ah Chin National Front lo piangin, tun thlengin zalenna an sual zui a, zalenna sualtu pawl dangte pawh an awm chho ta zel.

5) Manipur lamah KNO te, UPF te ZRF leh a dangte an awm chho zel bawk.

Hmathlir (Vision)

Vawiinah hian chhûl khat kual kan ni tih hi a tharin hre nawn leh ila, khawvel hriatah ring takin i puang chhuak ang u. Hlado chham ṭhin, inthawi ṭhin, puithiam nei, thiam hla nei, mitthi phûm ṭhin, pialral ngaihdan nei, thawnthu inang, lal nei ṭhin, kût hmang ṭhin, inneihnaah hmeichhe man nei, dawh kânga in sa, lungthu pathum nei, meilam sât ṭhin, mi lu la ṭhin, hlo thlawhnaa inláwm ṭhin hnam khat kan ni.

Kum 1988-a ZORO Movement khan a tum chu Zo-Reunification within India a ni. Vawiinah hian India, Burma leh Bangladesh-a awm Zo fate zawng zawng hian India hnuaia rorelna pakhat hnuaia awm zai hi kan rel ve thei ang em le? Tunlai geo-politics inlumlet mek hi ngun taka kan bih chuan, hnama min siamtu Khuanu hian hmun khata kan awm ho theihna tur kawng hi min hawnsak dawn em ni aw a tih theih a. Hemi kawngah hian mimal ang pawhin mawhphurhna lian tak ka kovah a innghat a. He zawhna min chhan hun hi ka lo nghak reng dawn a ni.

Lawmthu

Kan unau Burma, Bangladesh leh Manipur-a chengte’n harsatna an tawh avangin himna zawngin min rawn bel a. Tunah hian chutiang displaced people chu enkawl lai mi 40,000 vel kan nei reng a ni. Heng mite enkawlna kawngah India Prime Minister, Home Minister leh Finance Minister-te chungah lawmthu ka sawi a; kan mamawh kan thlente chu inhawng takin min lo dawngsawng ṭhin a ni.

Nangni, kan unau USA-a awmte pawhin in neih sumte sengin ṭanpuina ṭhahnem tak in rawn pe ṭhin a, in zarah kan thla a muang a, in chungah kan lawm tak meuh a ni.

Lalpa’n malsawm zel che u rawh se.