Finance Commission aṭanga Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh dan

Finance Commission aṭanga state sawrkar sum hmuh hi hlawm hnih–sawrkar laipui chhiaha state chanvo (share in central taxes & duties) leh sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina (grants-in-aid)-te a ni. Sawrkar laipui chhiah insem theihte hi Corporation Tax, Income Tax, Central GST, Customs, Union Excise Duty, Service Tax leh Other Taxes and Duties-te a ni. Sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina hi state sum indaih lohna ṭanpuina te, tualchhung sawrkar ṭanpuina te, chhiat tawh thulha ṭanpuina leh state mamawh leh ṭul bik atana ṭanpuina sumte a ni. Tun ṭumah hian Finance Commission hnuaia Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh dan tlangpui tarlan kan tum a ni.

VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION

Sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga sum lutte hi Finance Commission ruahmanna angin state leh sawrkar laipuite’n an insem ṭhin a; ‘vertical distribution’ tih a ni. Kum 2000 hma lam zawng khan Income Tax leh Union Excise Duty chauh hi insem ṭhin a ni a. Tenth Finance Commission (1995-2000) rawtna angin sawrkar laipui chuan kum 2009 khan India Danpui siamṭhat vawi 80-na neiin, sawrkar laipui chhiah zawng zawng hi kum 2000 aṭanga state leh sawrkar laipui insem turin ruahman a ni ta.

State hrang hrang insem dan tur hi tehfung fel tak hmangin Finance Commission hian a ruahman ṭhin a, hei hi ‘horizontal distribution’ tih a ni. Finance Commission 15-na hian state hrang hrang chan tur sem rual nan mipui tam lam te, state len zawng te, ramngaw neih zau zawng te, mi pakhat hisâpa state sum lak luh tam lam te, chhiah lakna lama hmalakna leh mihring punna zat tihtlem kawnga hmalaknate tehfungah a hmang.

TIED & UNTIED FUND

Sawrkar laipui chhiaha state chanvo leh state sum indaih lohna ṭanpuinate hi state sawrkarin a mamawh dan anga a hman theih a ni. State sum indaih lohna ṭanpuina Post Devolution Revenue Deficit Grants (PDRDG) hi sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga state chanvo siamrem hnuaa sum indaih lohna ‘revenue deficit’ nei state-te hnenah pek ṭhin a ni a; state zawng zawng pek a ni ngai lo. Heng sumte hi state sawrkar inenkawlna tur, state sawrkar kuta awm a ni a; hei vang hian ‘untied fund’ tih a ni. Hman bâng a awm a nih chuan ro tling thil siam nan emaw, hma thar lak nan emaw an hmang thei. Grants-in-aid dang zawng hi hmanna tur awm sa ‘tied fund’ tih a ni thung. Tualchhung sawrkar pual ṭanpuina te, chhiat tawh thila ṭanpuina te, ‘upgradation grants’ leh ‘special problem grants’ zawng zawngte a huap a ni.

STATUTORY & DISCRETIONARY TRANSFER

Sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga state chanvo hi India danpui chang 270 angin Finance Commission-in a sem rual ṭhin a. Sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina hi danpui chang 275 anga ruahman a ni thung. Hengte hi ‘statutory transfers’ tih a ni. A chhan chu, Parliament remtihna angin Consolidated Fund of India aṭanga pek chhuah a nih vang a ni a; pek ngei ngei tur a ni.

Central ministry leh department aṭanga ṭanpuina sum state sawrkarin a hmuh ṭhin hi ‘discretionary transfers’ tih a ni thung. Danpui chang 282 anga pek a ni a; central sector scheme-te leh centrally sponsored scheme aṭanga dawnte hi a ni. Parliament remtihna a ngai lo va, ministry/department ruahmanna angin pek chhuah mai a ni ṭhin.

Sawrkar laipui aṭanga Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh 80% vel hi Finance Commission rawtna anga dawn a ni a; India danpui hnuaia kan chanpual ve reng, kut dawhin a dawh chhuah ang emaw, kan ram hruaitute sawi chhuah emaw a ni vek lo. Centrally sponsored scheme leh externally aided project bikah hian state sawrkar thawh ṭhat dan azirin hmuh tam leh hmuh tlem a awm thei. Central sector scheme hi ram pum huapa sawrkar laipui hmalakna a ni.

UNION TERITORY LEIBAT

Kum 1987-a Mizoram state puiltinga hlan kai a nih khan UT hnuaiah plan sum leiba rip tak a luhpui a, March 31, 1990 thleng khan cheng vbc. 120.59 a tling tawh. Hei hi state thar tan phurrit a tlin avangin Ninth Finance Commission (1990-1995) chuan thaibo (write-off) mai ni se a tih angin vbc. 110.49 lai chu sawrkar laipuiin a thaibo ta a ni. Ninth Finance Commission (1989-1990) aṭangin Mizoram chu Finance Commission hnuaiah a lut ve ṭan a; member-ah Pu Lal Thanhawla pawh ruat a ni a; mahse, a hun hi a hmang zo lo.

LENGPUI AIRPORT

Tenth Finance Commission (1995-2000) chuan, “Mizoram mamawh pawimawh tak nia lang chu Airport, Lengpuia siam hi a ni,” a ti a. He ruahmanna hi 10th FC hian ‘Ministry of Home Affairs pawhin a thlawp’ a ti nghe nghe. Hemi atan hian cheng vbc. 57 ruahman a ni. State sawrkar rawtna angin runway chu fit 10,000-a sei tur a ni a, airport sak hna December 1995-ah ṭanin, February 1998-ah sak zawh a ni. September 1, 1998-ah test flight neih a ni a, January 22, 1999 khan Home Minister LK Advani-a’n a hawng. Senso zawng zawng chu cheng vbc. 97.98 a ni.

NEW CAPITAL PROJECT (KHATLA)

Eleventh Finance Comission (2000-2005) khan ‘Special Problems Grant’ hnuaiah New Capital project sakna tur cheng vbc. 40 a ruahman a. Hei bakah Raj Bhavan complex sak nan vbc. 10 leh Guwahati, New Delhi leh Calcutta khawpuia ‘tourist information centre’ siam nan vbc. 2 a ruahman bawk.

BAFFACOS & SPORT COMPLEX

Twelfth Finance Commission (2005-2010) khan Special Problem Grants hnuaiah bawk project lian tak pahnih–Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme (BAFFACOS) leh Sport Complex min pe a. BAFFACOS hi kum 2007-08 chhunga Mautâm lo thleng tur inbuatsaihna a ni a, hemi atan hian Mizoram sawrkar chuan cheng vbc. 566 lai a ruahman a, 12th Finance Commission-in cheng vbc. 40 Mizoram sawrkar a pe.

Sport Complex sak nan cheng vbc. 50 dil a ni bawk a, vbc. 25 pek kan ni a, Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Mualpui, Salem Veng sak nan hman a ni. March 6, 2010 khan Pi Sonia Gandhi-I’n a lungphûm a phûm a; Mizorama infiamna hmunhma changkang zawk kan neih theihna tura hmahruaitu pawimawh tak a ni.

STATE SPECIFIC GRANTS (RS 250 CRORE)

Thirteenth Finance Commission (2011-2016)-in project 10 atan ‘State Specific Grant’ cheng vbc. 250 Mizoram a pe. Chungte chu–Sainik School (vbc. 50) te, Raj Bhavan (vbc. 30) te, lung in sakna (vbc 30) te, autonomous district council pathumte secretariat sak ṭhatna (vbc 25) te, Khatla khelmual siamna (vbc 2) te, ramri hrula police station/chenna leh outpost sakna (vbc 31) te, primary health centre (PHC) 15 leh sub-centre 150 sakna (vbc 30) te, fire station sakna (vbc 20) te, Civil Secretariat building sak belhna (vbc 20)-te bakah, Hliappui khuaa Heritage Centre siamna, auditorium leh public library sakna leh kawngpui siamṭhatna (vbc 12)-te a ni.

ECOLOGICAL TRANSFER

Ramngaw leh nungchate hi mihringte nunna hnar, boruak ṭha siamtu, tuihna thianghlim siamtu, ei tur chi hrang hrang innghahna a ni a; hei hi ecosystem service tih a ni. Hei vang hian ngawpuite hi hmasawnna atan ṭhiah darh mai mai phal a ni tawh lo. Hetiang a nih avang hian state sawrkar ṭhenkhatte’n sum tam tak an chan phah ve thung a; hei hi ‘cost disability’ emaw ‘opportunity cost’ emaw tih a ni. Finance Commission ruahmanna angin state-te hi an hloh thawi dam nan ṭanpuina sum a pe ṭhin a; hei hi ‘ecological transfers’ tih a ni.

12th Finance Commission khan forest grant cheng vbc 25 lai min pe a; 13th Finance Commission (2011-2015) khan vbc 171.20 a ruahman bawk. Finance Commission-14-na hian a hmasa ber atan state chanvo sem rual nan forest coverage a hmang a; tehfung hlutna 7.5% a ni. FC 15-na hian forest and ecology tiin a chhunzawm a, a hlutna 10% a ni. Ngawpui zau zawng lak nan ‘very dense forest’ leh ‘moderately dense forest’ te hman a ni.

PLANNING COMMISSION A AWM TA LO

Kum 2014-ah Planning Commission tihtawp a ni a, a aiah NITI Aayog chu kum 2015-ah din a ni. Plan sum–Normal Central Assistance te, Special Central Assistance te, Additional Central Assistance (CSS, EAP)-te an awm ta lo. Hei vang hian Finance Commission 14-na (2016-2021) khan sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga state chan tur 42%-in a tipung a; state inrelbawlna bakah, hmasawnna sum tam zawk awm thei tura ngaih a ni. Vanduaithlak takin, Mizoram bikah chuan Seventh Pay Commission rawtna hman a nih tak avangin sum tam zawk lo luang lut belh hi sawrkar hnathawk hlawhah a kal ve thung. Sawrkarin duh thâla sum hman tur a neih tlem phah niin a lang.

Planning Commission a awm tak loh avangin state sawrkarte chu mahni state hmasawnna hna thawk tura ngaih an lo nih tak avangin Mizoram sawrkar pawhin New Economic Development Policy (NEDP) a ruahman a, kawng hrang hrangin hma a la ve nghal a ni. FC 14-na hian ‘upgradation grant’ leh ‘special problem grant’ a ruahman lo va; FC 15-na khan ruahmanna tam tak a siam thung a, amaherawhchu, ‘health grant’ bak tihpuitlin a ni ta lo.

Tunah hian Finance Commission 16-na kan hmachhawn mek a; state hruaitu ṭha tak tak kan nei a, Mizoram tan pawh ruahmanna ṭha tak siam turin i beisei ang u. 

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna