Ṭhingtàm

Mizorama tualṭo mau leh raw lam chi kan neih zingah rawṭhing hi kan hman nasat berte zinga mi a ni awm e. Raw dang angin a hung a bit lo a, mautak leh rawnâlte aia a khawng zawk bawk avangin thil chi hrang hrang atan kan hmang nasa a, a tuai pawh kan ei nasat pawl tak a ni; rawṭhing tuaiterek phei chu a tui viau mai.

Rawṭhing hi mau leh raw dang ang bawka a dam chhunga vawi khat tám chi ve tho a ni a, a tâm inkar hi kum 50 anga ngaih a ni nâin, kum 48 a ni tlangpui. Mautâm aṭanga kum 25-naah a tâm deuh tlangpui bawk. Tin, mau ang bawka tâmpui (gregarious flowering)-a tám chi a ni a; a kahpah (sporadic flowering)-a tám pawh hmuh tur a awm zauh zauh. A tàm zawh hnu hian a thi chhunzawm ve nghal mai ṭhin. Hetiang, dam chhunga vawi khat par/rah a, thi zui hi science ṭawngkamah chuan semelparity tih a ni. A rah tla a lo ṭiah leh hunah ‘chhuanthar’ an lo chhuak ve thung dawn a ni.

Rawṭhing (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) hi Myanmar, Bangladesh leh Thailand-ahte pawh a tualṭo a, India ramah chuan Mizoram bakah, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland leh Tripura te hi a ṭo tam zualna hmun a ni. Bihar leh West Bengal-ah pawh tih tham fé a ṭo bawk. India hmarchhaka hnam hrang hrangte’n mahni remhriat dan ang zelin kawng hrang hrang hrangin kan hmang a, a tuai kan ei hlawm vek bawk. Raw khawng ṭha tak a nih avangin pa thil chîk mi deuh chuan concrete in saknaa slab, beam leh ban dona (scaffolding) atan pawh an duh deuh kher ṭhin. National Bamboo Mission-in India rama mau chin uar tur a thlan chhuah sawm zinga pakhat a ni bawk.

Rawṭhing hi Mizoram dung leh vâng, chhak leh thlang dâp kim berte zinga mi a ni a; chutih rual chuan, hmun zo deuhah erawh phun chawp emaw a nih ngawt loh chuan a awm meuh lo thung. Mizorama mau-raw chi hrang hrangte hi an tám ve vek tho nâin, mautak tám leh rawṭhing támte hian Mizo mipui nasa taka a nghawng bik avangin a langsar zual dun bik hle. Hei hian rua leh mau dang zawng zawng aiin heng mau-raw chi hnihte hi Mizoramah a tam fâl bik hle ṭhin tih a entir. Mizo chanchin ziaktute’n ṭhingtâm chungchang an ziah dan hi a inang hlawm viau mai a, Pathian thu zirmite’n Synoptic Gospel an tih ang maia inzûl a ni hlawm.

Ṭhingtàm hmasate

Mizorama ṭhingtâm kan hriat theih hlat ber chu kum 1880-ah a ni a, kum 1929-ah leh kum 1978 chhoah a tám leh bawk. Kum 1880-a ṭhingtàm hian a hun laia Mizoteah nghawng a nei lian hle a, ‘Chhak leh Thlang Indo’ a ṭingmit a, an ṭàm nasat êm avangin phai lam aṭangin buhfai an chaw lut hial a, Mizo ṭhenkhat phei chu Cachar chhehvelah an pêm phah hial a ni. Buh a vànzia thu hi an hrilhfâk a ni a, a hma lawk (kum 20 kal ta)-a mautàm ṭàmpui ai mahin an tuar nasa niin an sawi.

Hemi hnu lama ṭhingtâm erawhin mipuiah nghawng a nei ta vak lo niin a lang. Kum 1929-a ṭhingtàmah hi chuan sorkar leh mipuiin inbuatsaih lawk dan an thiam deuh tawh bakah, rawṭhing a lo tlem tak zel avangin nghawng a nei na ta lo niin Rev. Liangkhaia’n a sawi. Chhinchhiah theih china ṭhingtâm vawi thumna hi kum 1976 aṭangin a kahpaha támin a inṭan a, 1978 leh 1979-ah chuan tàmpui tak tak a thleng ta a ni. Ṭhingtâm vawi thumna pawh hian mipuiah nghawng lian tak a nei ta bik lo niin a lang.

Mizorama Vailen chanchin ziaktu EB Elly chuan kum 1880 chhoa ṭhingtàm ṭàm avangin buhfai mound 1,800 lai Cachar lam aṭanga an châwk luh thu a sawi. Tarlan tawh angin, hemi hnua ṭhingtàmah erawh chuan hetiang tak hian ṭàmpui an tuar leh tawh lo. He thu hi ngaihtuahna tithuitu chu a ni ta a ni. Kum 1880-a nasa taka an tawrh chhan hi sazu puang nasain an buh leh bâl a seh zawh vang nia tarlan a ni a; sazu tipuang khawpa tam rawṭhing hung a awm tihna a ni. Hemi hnua a tàm leh hian sorkar lam a lo inbuatsaih lawk piah lamah, ṭhingtàm hmasaa a chi tla kha a ṭiak ṭha lo a, ṭhang puitling lo a tam hle niin a lang. Chuvang chuan kum 1880 hma lama rawṭhing awm ang zat kha a awm ta lo tihna a ni.

Heti a nih chuan rawṭhing hi a regeneration rate (a chi aṭanga ṭoa a inthlah pun chhoh dan) a sang viau lo tihna a ni thei ang. Kum 1929-a a tàm leh hnuah rawṭhing hung a kiam lehzual tawh a, chutiang zelin kum 1979-a a tàm leh phei chuan rawṭhing hung hi a hma aiin a tlem lehzual tawh tihna a ni. Hmalakna hrang hrang avang leh chhan hrang hrang avangin ṭhingtàmin mipuia a nghawng dan hi a nêp chho tial tial a; chutih rual chuan, rawṭhing hung kan nei tlem tial tial tihna a ni bawk.

Ṭhingtàm vawi 4-na a hnai

Kum 2015 khan Zawlnuam PHC ram chhungah rawṭhing a tâm chiam mai a, a dinhmun enfiah turin medical officer Dr Lalsangzuala’n min hruai kual a; PHC ram chhung mai bakah Zawlnuam-Bawrai chhehvelah te, Zawlpui kawngahte pawh a tâm zeng zung mai a, tâm lo erawh a tam zawk. Heng lai chhehvela tâm bak hi chu hmun dangah kan hmuh chhunzawm lo. Zawlnuam leh a chhehvela a tàm dan phung hi a kahpaha tám, ‘sporadic flowering’ a ni.

Kum 2019 aṭangin rawṭhing tám hi hmuh a ni chho leh ta zauh zauh a, Covid lên vanglai, kum 2020 phei kha chuan hmun tam takah a tám. Darkhuang ram, Muallungthuah chuan a mual mualin a tám a, Tuirial erawh a kai meuh lo thung. Chhuahchhawng lamah a tám hmasa deuh zel niin a lang a, chhim leh hmar hawi zawngin, Tuirial lui thlang lamah a ni tlangpui. Hemi achinah hi chuan rawṭhing tám hi hmuh tur a awm chho ta deuh reng a ni.

Kumin 2024-a lo inher meuh chuan Tuirial chhak lam, Tuirini leh Keifang inkar kawngpui aṭanga lang thei chinah ringawt pawh a tám hmuh tur a awm chho ta thluah mai. Hmun dangah pawh a tahtawlin a tám chho zel dawn niin a lang. Ṭhingtâm sehsâm a ni chho mêk tihna a ni; kum 2026-2028 hi ṭhingtâmpui hun tura ngaih a ni.

Ṭhingtàm hi ven theih a ni em?

He zawhna hi chhanna mumal pek harsa angreng tak a ni. Ven theih a ni em tih tluk zeta pawimawh erawh, ven tum chi a ni em, tih hi a ni. Mau lam chi ho hian chaw an khawl sa zawng zawng leh an chakna zawng zawng a par leh rah siam nan an hmang zo a, chuvanga thi ta ṭhina ngaih a ni a, natna hrik eng emaw vanga tám a ni lo. Scientist ṭhenkhat chuan hetia mau-raw lam chiin par a chhuah a, a thi chhunzawm ṭhin hi ‘suicide’ tiin an sawi ve fo ṭhin reng a ni. Leiṭha leh tui hnianghnar taka vûr chuan a tàm loh theih mai rinna a awm. Leiṭha leh tui nena hnianghnar taka enkawl hi thil hautak leh buaithlak tak, sum leh pai leh tha tam tak sen ngaihna tur thil a ni a, ramhnuaia leiṭha leh tuia va chawm tum phei chu tih sa loh loh a ni. Chu’ng enkawlna zawng zawng avang chuan a tâm lo tak tak ang em tih pawh hriat a ni chuang hek lo.

Hetianga enkawl hian awmzia neiin tâm loh phah ta tak tak ta se, a inthlahpun zel danah nghawng a neih theih dan tur a awm thei bawk awm e. Siamtu’n a duan dan (biological clock)-ah kum 48 zela tám a, thi tur a ni a, a thih hun tur tih khawtlaisak ngawt hian a hung ṭhan zelna kawngah te, a tisa chhungril lamahte (physiology leh anatomy) engtiangin nge nghawng a neih ang tih hi hriatphak piah lam thil a la ni rih. Tâm hun inanga tâm hi biology ṭawngkamah chuan ‘cohort’ an ti a, cohort thuhmun chu chi-bul thuhmuna ngaih a ni. Chi-bul thuhmun, cohort inang hi ram hrang daihah pawh awm se, siamtuin hunbi a ruatsak hi an bawhpelh ngai lo a, an tâm rual ngei ngei ṭhin.

Kum 2017 chhoa talân a tàm khan Zemabawka talân hung pakhat, tui luankawr kama awm chu tuiin a chiah hnâwn hneh deuh khan a tâm leh dawn lo emaw tih turin hnah tharte a chhuah a, ro-ai ṭan kha a hring ṭha leh viau a. Mahse, thla hnih-khat hnuah erawh chuan a tâm chhunzawm leh ta tho mai. Chuvang chuan, rawṭhing tám chho mek pawh hi ven tak tak theih a nih a rinawm chiah lo zawk a ni.

Engtia hmalak tur nge ni ang?

Ṭhingtâm kan hriat hmasak ber an tawrh dan leh a hnu lama tâm mipuite’n an tawrh dan inang lo ta viau hian rawṭhing tâm chi tla, lo ṭiak a, ṭhang chho leh tur (regeneration) ven him a pawimawhzia a tarlang chiang viau mai. Hemi kawnga hma la thei turin sorkar pawh a inbuatsaih chhoh a ngai awm e.

Ṭhingtâm aṭanga kum 7 chhung vel tal chu rawṭhing tuai hi khawrh loh ni se a duhawm. A tâm ṭiak, a bul (rhizome) a lo insawh ngheh a, a puitlin deuh hma loh chuan khawrh leh sah loh ni thei se a duhawm hle. Chu chuan rawṭhing inthlahpunna leh ṭhan zelna kawngah nasa takin awmzia a nei dawn a ni. Bul puichang lo leh no lutuk chuan tuai a chhuah ṭha thei lo a, tuai a chhuah tam thei loin, tuai a chhuah pawh a lian tak tak ṭhin lo. A tuai a len loh miau chuan a pum a lian thei lo.

Rawṭhing tàmna hmunte loa ṭheh rih loh te, a kan lohna tura hmalakte pawh a ṭul hle ang. Rawṭhing chi leia tla, lo ṭo (regenerate) leh hian bul-puichang ṭha (coarse root/rhizome) a neih hmaa kângmei a tawrh chuan inthlah punga tuai chhuah tur awm lovin a rêm thuai mai dawn a ni. Hei hi kum 1880 hnu lama Mizorama rawṭhing a tlem chhoh tak zel nachhan pawh niin a lang.

A chi a tam thei ang ber kui ṭiah a, phun darhte pawh a pawimawh dawn hle. Sik leh sa leh khuarel thil avang te, ei chhetu hrang hrang avangte leh mihringte kuthnu thil hrang hrang avangtein ramhnuaia amaha ṭiak a, lo ṭhangchho leh tur hi tih sukuk awl tak a ni. Chumi ven nan chuan a chi kûi a, phun darh mai theih tura a ṭiak lo neih (germplasm conservation) a ṭul hle dawn a ni.

‘Rawṭhing tám hi a thi dawn tho tho’ tih vanga a chi tla tur pawh awm lék lo khawpa suat rêm a hlauhawm viau. Chutiang thil a thlen lohna turin mi tin kan ṭan rual a ṭul. Ṭhingtâm avanga ṭàm chu kan tuar tawh kher lo mai thei; mahse, ṭhingtâm laia kan hmalakna hrang hrang avangin kan rama rawṭhing hi kan timang hlauh thei a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh em em a ni. 

- Dr. David C Vanlalfakawma,

Department of Forestry, Mizoram University