WORLD OZONE DAY

16th September 1987 khan Ozone Layer tichhe thei thil tihchhuah tlem leh he khawvel aṭanga paih bo kawngah ram hrang hrangte’n thuthlung an siam a, chu thuthlung chu Montreal Protocol tih a ni a, chuta ṭang chuan United Nations chuan September 16 chu ‘International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer or World Ozone Day’ atan a puang zui ta a ni. Tichuan, he thuthlung (protocol) hi ram hrang hrang 179 laiin pawmin, Ozone tichhe thei (ozone depleting substances) heng–chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Halons, Carbon tetrachloride (CTC) leh Methyl chloroform (MCF)-te chu a rang lama nuaibo nghal turin ruahmanna an siam ta a ni.

Ozone (O3) hi boruak chi khat a ni a, kan lei aṭanga km. 10-50 vela hla boruak thuahthip ‘Stratosphere’-ah khian a awm khawm deuh ber. Ozone hian nî (sun) aṭanga lo chhuak zungzam hlauhawm tak (ultra violet rays) lakah he leia nunna neite hi min humhim tlat ṭhin a ni. Ultra violet rays hi chi thum an awm a (UV-A, UV-B leh UV-C); heng zingah hian Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) hian vun natna chi hrang hrang bakah mit ṭhat lohna (cataract)-te a thlen theih avangin a hlauhawm deuh bika ngaih a ni. Chubakah, mihringin natna kan do theihna hmanrua (immune system) pawh a titlem thei a, thlai pawh rah a chhuah ṭhattir theih loh bakah, tui chhûnga hnim hnah tê tak tê tê tan phei chuan ṭhanmawhbâwk siamtu a ni bawk.

Ultra violet rays laka min humtu Ozone chu Freon Gas tia kan hriat lar CFCs hian a tichhe thei a ni tih kum 1974 daih tawh khan Sherwood Rowland leh Mario Molina te chuan an lo hmu chhuak tawh a. Hemi bakah hian methyl bromide pawhin nasa takin Ozone a tichhe thei tih hmuh chhuah belh a ni a, Bromine atom phei chuan Chlorine atom aiin Ozone a tichhe nasa thei zawk tih hriat belh zel a ni.

Kum 1985 aṭang khan mithiamte chuan chhim tàwp (Antarctic region)-ah Ozone pawp an hmu chhuak ṭan a, kum 1992-ah phei kha chuan chu laia Ozone pawp chu United States ram lêt thum zeta lian a ni hman der tawh. Hetiang deuh bawk hian 1998 aṭang khan mithiamte’n hmar tawp (Arctic region)-ah pawh Ozone pawp an hmuchhuak leh bawk. Kum 2000 khan Antarctic region-ah Ozone pawp square kilometer maktaduai 28.4 a awm a, kum 2023-ah erawh square kilometer maktaduai 26 a ni thung.

Lei tuamtu boruak chung lam sâng takah Ozone hi ṭangkai viau mah se, lei hrûla a tam chuan a hlauhawm thung a, ‘Ozone pollution’ hian nghawng ṭha lo tam tak a nei thei. Lirthei khu, thil siamna hmun khu, leiṭha leh thlai venna damdawi (pesticides) hmanna, etc. aṭang hian nitrogen oxides (NOx) leh volatile organic compounds (VOCs) a chhuak nasa ṭhin hle a, heng hi lei hrûl boruaka ‘Ozone’ lo insiamna bul ber a ni ṭhin.

Ozone pollution hian mihringah thâwkna lam a tibuai thei a, a bikin naupang leh upa lamin an tuar duh. Asthma, bronchitis leh emphysema natna a tizual thei a, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tizualtu a ni ṭhin. Ozone pollution hian ṭhelret, plastics leh puan lam a tichhe hma thei a, thlai leh ramhmul ṭhan a tiṭhu bawk ṭhin. Tun hnaia Ozone pollution zirchianna, ‘Nature Geoscience’ journal-a tarlan a nih danin, Ozone pollution hian tropical forests-a ramhmulte chu 5.1% ngawtin an ṭhanna (growth) a tiṭhuanawp a ni.

India chuan ‘Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000’ a tichhuak a. He dân hian ni 1.1.2003 hnu lamah chuan CFC hman a khap bur tawh a, damdawi lam thil atan chauh lo chuan a hman theih tawh loh. Chutiang bawkin ni 1.1.2001 hnu lamah chuan pawimawh bik te-ah lo chuan halons hman khap a ni bawk. Heng bakah hian carbon tetrachloride leh methyl chloroform leh CFCs-te chu damdawi lama hman atan ni 1.1.2010 thleng phal a ni a, methyl bromide erawh chu damdawi lam atan vek ni 1.1.2015 thleng hman phal a ni thung. Hetih lai hian, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) chu ni 1.1.2040 thleng hman theih a ni.

He dan hian Ozone tichhe thei Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) 95 chu zawi zawia nuaibo leh khuahkhirh a tum a, ‘Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules, 2014’ pawh a awm tawh. Keimahni leh he leia kan chenpui nunna neite kan lo him zawk nan ODS awm lohna thil chauh lei leh hman chin hi kan tih tur a nih rualin, ozone pollution laka fihlim turin kan chêtlakna hrang hrangah kan fimkhur em em a pawimawh a ni.

- AC Zonunmawia, CEP