Myanmar raltlante dinhmun thlirna

February, 2021-ah Myanmar sipaite’n inthlanna felfai lo a awm tiin mipui thlan sawrkar piang tur chu paih thlain, sipai sawrkar an siam a. Chin state, Myanmar aṭangin zo hnahthlak unau tam tak buaina avangin India ramah an lo lut a, India hmarchhak state-te chu raltlan tam tak lo luhna kan ni ta. Hetiang a nih mek lai hian Myanmar aṭanga raltlan lo kalte chu India sawrkar, Ministry of Home Affairs chuan NE state sawrkarte chu raltlan anga India sawrkarin a pawm theih loh thu leh ramrite uluk taka veng ṭha turin hriattirna a rawn pe a nih kha. India hian Myanmar nen ramri km. 1,643-a thui a nei a; India hmarchhak state pali–Mizoram (km. 510), Arunachal Padesh (km. 520), Manipur (km. 398) leh Nagaland (km. 215) ten Myanmar nen ramri kan nei a ni.

India ram hi kan hriat angin raltlan (refugee) lo dawn sawn leh ṭanpuina pek kawnga UN Refugee Convention, 1951 leh 1967 Refugee Protocol-te pawmpuitu ram, signatory country a ni ve lo a. India hian he treaty a pawmpui duh loh chhan lian tak chu – treaty pawmpui ramte’n raltlante an remtihna leh lungthluk ngeina lo chuan an ramah an thawn kir theih loh vang te, United Nations High Commission for Human Rights (UNHCR) hnuaia intuk luh a, an kaihhruaina ang zela India a kal chuan raltlan tam tak an lo lut ang a, UN hnuaiah dan hmanga inhumhima ṭha tak nei an ni tawh dawn a, zawh loh nghawngkawl inphurhtir a duh loh vang a ni bawk. Tin, UN in refugee nihphung a hrilhfiah dan pawh Europe ramte chauh ngaihtuaha kalpui niin a hria a, mihring tamna south Asia ram ang tan pawm harsa a ti bawk. Heng bakah hian UN 1951 Refugee Convention leh 1967 Refugee Protocol-te hian India ram chhung inrelbawlnaah pawn lam mi inrawlhna thûk tak kawngka a hawng bawk dawn niin a hria a, khawtlang ramte duh dan anga kal duh loin, raltlante puihna kawnga treaty chu a pawm duh ta lo a ni.

Kum 1990 chho aṭanga India foreign policy kalhmang inthlakthleng khan Myanmar nena kan inkar pawh a thlak ta a. 1962-1990 inkara Myanmar sawrkar, democracy ni lo ram en hrang a, democracy nei ramte chauh lam a hawi ṭhin chu a bansan ta a. India ram chuan a tak ram (realist approach) hmangin China-in bu zawla a lo hman Myanmar chu be ṭha a, India hmarchhakte tih hmasawnna atan leh south Asia-a China inluling lutuk tur nawr beh nan Myanmar sipai sawrkar chu ṭhian ṭhaa siam a tum ta em em a. Heng avangte hian Chin state aṭanga raltlan lo kal kan unaute harsatna aiin, India chuan foreign policy-a India national interest chu a dah langsar ta zawk a, a ngawi ta tlat mai a nih hi.

RTI Online hmangin Mizoram district 11-a DC office-ah zawhna zawtin, district tina Myanmar raltlan awm dan kimchang zawh a ni a. August, 2024 thleng khan Mizoramah raltlan mi 34,865 an awm mek. Heng raltlante hi DC office-in a chhinchhiah chinte an ni a, heng bakah hian chhungkhat leh ṭhian ṭhate bula awm, in report lo eng emaw zat an awm bawkin a rinawm. Table-ah hian district tina raltlan awm dan tarlan a ni.

District pathum–Siaha, Lawngtlai, Champhai te hi Mizorama raltlan rawn lutte awm tamna hmun a ni a; heng district pathumah hian raltlan 26,195 an awm a, chu chu Mizorama raltlan awm zawng zawng 34,865 aṭangin 75% a ni. District pathum bikah hian uluk lehzuala dan leh hrai kenkawhna leh, ruihhlo tawlh leh ven ngai dangte uluk taka thuneitute’n kan enpui an ṭul dawn a ni. Champhai district-a Zokhawtharah raltlan mi 4,983 lai an awm a, a khaw mipui zat aia tam mah an awm. Farkawnah raltlan mi 2,000 lai an awm bawk. Mizoram hmun dang chu tarlang vek lo mai ila, kan unaute nen hian Mizoramah kan inchiahpiah hle tih a chiang viau awm e.

Tunah (2024) hian Mizoramah refugee camp 128 lai a awm a, chungte chu – Aizawl, Lunglei, Mamit, Hnahthial, Lawngtlai, Siaha, Champhai district-ahte a ni. Myanmar refugee camp–raltlante awmna hrang hrangah zawhna sem kualin, mi 685 zawhna zawh an ni a, mipa 326 leh hmeichhia 359 an ni. District pali–Kolasib, Khawzawl, Serchhip, Mamit leh Saitual-ahte refugee camp a awm lo.

Raltlante hi Chin state, Myanmar aṭanga lokal an tam ber a, Mizorama an lokal chhante chu–an ṭawng ang hmang an tam vang te, u leh nau belh tur tam vang te, kalna a hnaih ber vang leh, Mizoram mipui khawngaihna hlawh an beisei vang niin chhangtu tam berin an chhang. Myanmar an chhuahsan chhan ber chu–indona, tualthahna leh in leh lo hâl te, sipai bomb thlak leh nunrâwng taka sipai chêt hlauhna vang a ni.

YMA, VC, Zoram Entu Pawl, doctors without border leh ADRA-te’n Mizoram an thlen hnua an harsatnate an lo ngaihtuah avangin an thla a muangin an lawm hle. An lo thlen tirha mi khawngaihna leh ṭanpuina an dawn ang reng an dawn theih tawh loh avangin hun harsa tak an tawk tih chu chhanna tam zawk chhangtute sawi a ni. Ram dang aṭanga ṭanpuina dawng thei mi tlemte an awm a, dawn ve tur nei ve lo erawh a tam zawk chuan inhlawh chawp leh mi thilpek an ring. Inhlawhna/hnathawh tur a vang a, thla khatah Rs 3,500 – 6,000 vel an inhlawhna aṭangin an hlawh tlangpui a; sum leh pai thawh chhuah harsa an ti ṭhin hle. Ei leh in, damdawi lei nan sum leh pai an hmang tam ber a; khaw ṭhenkhatah lo neih leh huan siam an phal laiin, hmun tam zawkah a ram leilung fate anga lo leh huan siam phalsak an ni lo. Sawrkar aṭanga hamṭhatna an dawn loh avangin dinhmun harsate an harsa tak zet a ni.

Mi 445 (65%) laiin Mizorama awm hlen theihna a awm chuan awm hlen an duh a, mi 239 (35%) erawh chuan an ramah boruak muanawm a awm chuan haw leh thuai an duh thung. Mizorama awm ngheh duhte’n an duh chhan chu–ram a ralmuang a, ei leh bar zawn a awlsam a, hriselna leh zirna ṭha zawk a awm vang tiin zawhna an chhang. Raltlan an nih avanga hmuhsitna leh enhranna (stigmatisation) an tuar em tih zawhna chu 363 (53%) chuan an tawrhh thu an sawi a; mi 643 (94%) chuan VC, YMA leh Mizoram sawrkarin an lo dawnsawnnaah lungawithlak an tih thu an sawi bawk.

Mizoram mipui zawng zawng ngaihdan lak vek theih a ni lo a; Mizoram district 11-a YMA, VC, college zirlai, sawrkar hnathawk leh mi nawlpuite chhan tur Myanmar raltlante chungchanga an ngaihdan zawhna siam a ni. Zawhna chhangtu mi 775 awmin, mipa 417 leh hmeichhia 354 an ni a, kum 18-60 inkar an ni. ‘Kum 2021 hnu lam, Myanmar aṭanga Zo hnahthlak raltlan rawn awm aṭang hian dan phal loha sumdawnna a tam phah em?’ tih zawhna chu, chhangtu tam zawk–mi 661 (85%) chuan a tam phah ngeia an hriat thu an sawi. Chhangtu mi 575 (74%) lai chuan raltlante lo awm tak aṭangin ruihhlo–damdawi, zu leh a dangte Mizoramah a tam phah ngei niin an ngai a, mi 200 (25%) erawh chuan raltlante avanga ruihhlo tam taah an ngai lo.

‘Mizorama raltlante zalen taka kan awmtir hian nakin zelah nghawng ṭha leh ṭha lo a neih i ring em?’ tih zawhna zawh a ni a. Chhangtu mi 43 (5%) chuan Mizote kan piang pung chak si lo a, kan unaute hi kan ramah awm hlen ve mai se an duh a; mi 664 (85%) chuan nghawng ṭha lo a la neih an ring a, kan ram kal zelna tur atan ṭha lo turah an ngai.
‘Kan unau harsatna tawkte hi engtianga enkawl zel tur nge ni ang?’ tih zawhna chhannaah chuan, chhangtu tam zawk mi 616 (79%) chuan an harsatna hrethiam a, raltlan anga ṭha taka enkawl a, buaina a zawh hunah an rama haw leh mai chu a ṭhat ber an rin thuin an chhang a; mi 82 (10%) erawh chuan Zo hnahthlak unau kan nih angin kan ramah cham hlen pawh ni se pawi an tih loh thuin an chhang.

Heng mipui ngaihdan ka rawn tarlante hi a dik ber e, Zoram mipui aiawh zo ngaihdan a ni e, han tih ngam a ni kher lo ang. Amaherawhchu, raltlan tam tak lo awm ta hian kan society-a nghawng a neih dan zirna kawnga kan ngaihtuahna tizautu atana ṭangkai a nih erawh ka beisei.
Rambuaiin a nghawng hi a tam a, sawi sen a ni lo ang. Rambuaia awmte chuan dan zahna leh pawisakna an nei lo a, ei leh bar zawn a harsa a, dam khawchhuahna atan duhtui hlei thei loa awm a ngai ṭhin. Hengte avang hian raltlan tamnaah dan bawhchhiatna leh a kaihhnawih a thleng fo.

Excise & Narcotics department, Govt of Mizoram-in RTI zawhna min chhannaah chuan, kum 2018-2020 chhungin ruihhlo kaihhnawihah Myanmar lam mi man an nei lo a; kum 2021-2023 chhungin Myanmar mi 167 lai man an awm thung. Mizoram Police CID Crime-in RTI zawhna an chhanna aṭanga a lan danin, kum 2021-2023 chhungin dan bawhchhiat vanga man zingah Myanmar mi 90 an awm bawk. Mi sing 4 chuangin min chen chilh angin a chhut theih ang a, alu bag 1-ah a ṭawih pum li/nga a awm ve chawk ṭhin ang hian, heti zat lo kal zingah chuan dan bawhchhia an awm ve lo thei lo. Raltlan an awmin, a host community-te hian policy felfai tak nena kan enkawl erawh a ngai zel dawn niin a lang.

India sawrkar hian Myanmar raltlante tan dinhmun ṭha zawka an awmna tur kawng chu a ngaihtuah thei ngei turah ka ngai a. A tichiang turin hun hmasa lamah pawh judiciary pawhin thutlukna pawimawh tak a lo siam tawh. Supreme Court chuan ram chhung mi chauh ni lo, ram pawn lam mi (raltlan)-te pawh huamin, mihring an nihna anga chanvo dik an neih theih nan thutlukna pawimawh tak tak a lo siam tawh a ni. National Human Rights Commission vs State of Arunachal Pradesh-ah ram danpui Article 14-na leh 21-na chu ram pawn mi (raltlan)-te pawh huamin India sawrkarin inang tlang takin a pe tur a ni tiin thutlukna a lo siam tawh a. Malvika Karlekar vs Union of India ah te, ND Pancholi vs the State of Punjab case-ahte Supreme Court chuan raltlante chu an dilna UNHCR-in a ngaihtuah hma chu India ram aṭanga thawn haw lo turin thutlukna a siam tawh bawk.

December 10, 1948-a UNO-in Universal Declaration of Human Rights a pawm, mihring dikna chanvo humhalhna kawnga UNO dan siam pawimawh berah pawh India chu signatory ram a ni. UDHR Article 14A-ah chuan, “Mi tu pawh tihduhdah tuartu chuan member state-ahte inhumhimna a dil thei ang,” tiin chiang takin a inziak a. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)-ahte pawh hian India chu signatory country a ni. Heng treaty-te hian mihring tu pawh, mipa emaw, hmeichhia emaw, eng sakhua pawh bia se, a pianna ram a buai a nih chuan a tlanchhiatna hmunah mihring a nihna anga humhimna pe vek turin signatory ramte a phût bawk. India Constitution, Article 51(C)-ah chuan India chu international law leh treaty-te zah taka tihlawhtlingtu ram nih a tum thu chiang takin a inziak a ni.

Raltlante lo enkawlna te, khua leh tui an nihna tura hma lo lak ve hi state sawrkar tih theih a ni lo a. Mizoram sawrkar hian raltlante tan a theihtawp chu a chhuah a ni tih hi kan hriat vek a ṭha awm e. Sawrkar hmasa khan 10.12.2021 khan High Level Committee on Myanmar Refugees a din a, 23.11.2021 khan Task Group on Myanmar Refugees–District Level Nodal Officer for Myanmar Refugees a din leh a, 17.1.2022 khan District Level Committee on Myanmar Refugees a din leh bawk.

Sawrkar zirna sikulah raltlan zirlai 6,366 lai a thlawna zirna pek an ni a; kum 2021-2023 chhungin sorkarin cheng nuai 384.66 raltlante enkawl nan sum a hmang. Pu K. Vanlalvena, MP, Rajya Sabha ni mek hian Parliament-ah raltlante thlavang hauhna thu vawi hnih a sawi tawh a, nasa takin central ministry-ah an chungchang ngaihtuahsak turin a thlen bawk.

ZPM sawrkar thar pawh hian an tan tha thlah loin a thawk mek a, 24.7.2024 khan Ministry of Home Affairs chuan Mizorama raltlan awmte buhfai lei nan cheng nuai 500 a pe a ni. Raltlan kan rama awmte leh nghawng a neih theih dan tur chungchang hi Zoram mipuite’n uluk leh chik takin i zir chiang zel ang u.