Natural farming hi eng nge a nih chiah?
Natural farming kan tih hian Pathianin mihringte’n leilung kan luah dan tura a duan ang thei tur bera lo neih hi a ni a. Damdawi chi hrang hrang industry lian tak taka an siam chhuahte hmang lo va, khuarela kan hmuh theihte hmanga thlai leh leilung enkawl a, kan lo neihna senso tihtlem hi a tum lian ber a ni. Khuarel thil hmanga thlai hrisel thar chhuah a, mihring leh leilung hriselna tihṭhatna kawngah awmze neiin nghawng a nei a. Khuarel thil kan neih nungchâ leh ramngaw thil nung tinrêngte hian ṭangkaina an nei a, mihring nen inkungkaihna lian tak kan nei a, mihringte hian kan phawk chhuak zo lovin kan tichereu mai zawk ṭhin a ni.
Natural farming thil tum ber erawh khuarel nena thawh dun a ni a, hemi chungchang hi kimchangin kan tarlang dawn a ni. Natural farming hi ‘Eng mah thawk lova lo neih’ titein an sawi ṭhin a, lo neitu chu ṭanpuitu hna thawktua ngaih niin, hnapui thawhsaktu chu khuarel (nature) zawk hi a ni. He lo neih danah hian leilung a tlem thei ang bera leh a keng tel a, rannung hlo/tûr leh lei ṭhatna damdawite hman a ni lo.
Natural farming kan hmelhriatna hmasa ber chu Japan lo neitu leh philosopher pakhat Masanobu Fukuoka hnen aṭangin a ni a; ani hian Japan ramah ching chhuak hmasain, kum 1975 daih tawh khan a lo larpui tawh. Fukuoka hian damdawite’n leilung an tihdâk dan leh hetiang hmanga thlai châwm mihringin kan ei aṭanga kan hriselna thlenga a chhiat phah theih dan zir chiangin, pumpelh dan a zawnna lamah natural farming hi a duang chhuak ta a ni. Fukuoka hian damdawi leh lei ṭhatna hmanga loneitute thar chhuah zat natural farming zâwm chung hian a thar chhuak a, nimahse, a loa leilung te da ve si lovin a kum têlin a ṭhain a nung telh telh zawk si a ni.
Natural farming awmze ril zawk chu – pawn lam aṭanga kan leilet emaw, kan loa kan lak luh rei tak hnua kan leilung tichhia a, tida theitu tih tlem a, thlai tam tak thar thei tura leilung tihhrisel a ni. India ramah pawh 1990 bawr vel khan natural faming hi mumal takin Subhash Palekar-a’n a kalpui ṭan a. India ram chhung ngeia kan hmuh theihtein thlai chaw leh lei tih ṭhatnate a siam chhuak a, Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) tih hming puttirin kum 2006 khan India ram President hnen aṭangin Padma Shree – mipui nawlpuiin India rama chaimawina lawmman kan dawn theih sang ber a dawn phah hial tawh a ni.
Natural farming hi sawrkar laipuiin a ngai pawimawh êm êm a; loneitute tan sum tlemte sêng chunga thlai ṭha tak thar theihna kawng hi an duhsak a, duhthawh takin loneitute’n a ṭhatna an seng theih nan hma an la mek zel. Natural farming hi Niti Aayog hnuaia Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) hnuaiah Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati Programme (BPKP) hmangin a enkawl a. BPKP hian loneitute’n hmasang aṭanga an lo inhrilh chhâwn (indigenous knowledge) hmanga thlai enkawl dan leh leilung enkawl dante chawisân leh pawn lam aṭanga pawisa chawia kan lei damdawite theihtawpa tihtlem a ni a. Lo huam chhung vêka kan leilung chawṭha pek leh tihhrisel dan kawng kawhhmuh hi a thil tum bul ber a ni a, hnim ro leh buh páwl hmanga thlai bul rih vûr te, thlai chi hnih aia tam mumal leh awmze nei taka chîn pawlh te, bâwng zun leh ek hman ṭangkai te, hmasâng ata kan lo hman tawh hnim hnah ṭangkai hmanga thlai leh leilung enkawlte a ngai pawimawh êm êm a ni.
Natural farming chak taka kalpui a nih theihna atan Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India chuan Project lian tak, ‘Outscaling of Natural Farming through KVKs’ zau tham takin a kalpui a. He project hi India ram chhunga KVK 425-ah kalpui mek a ni a, hmarchhak ICAR-ATARI Zone VII huam chhungah hian KVK 25-ah kalpui niin, chung zingah chuan Lawngtlai KVK hi project kalpuina pakhat a ni. District dang pali–Aizawl, Mamit, Kolasib leh Siahaahte pawh kalpui a ni bawk. He project hi kum li (2022-2026) chhung kalpui tura duan a ni a, natural farming chungchang loneitute hnena kimchang taka hrilhfiah chu a tum a ni. Training leh awareness program chi hrang hrang leh demonstration-te uluk taka kalpui mek a ni.
ZBNF-ah chuan leilung tihhrisel nan leh tihṭhatna atan lei hrik ṭha kan tih mai (soil microbes)-te an lo pun theih nan Jeevamrit hmante a ni a. Beejamrit–thlai chi chiahna te, thlai bul rih vûr ṭhatte leh lei tihthâwla tihmûr ṭhatte a tel. Khawtual hnim leh bawng zun hmanga siam thlai ei chhetu rannung hlo siam chhuahte a hmu chhuak bawk. Subhash Palekara thupui ber chu–leilunga hrik ṭha (soil microbes)-te him thei ang bera tihpun a ni. Lei hrik ṭhate hian thlai chawṭha (nutrients)-te thlaite’n awlsam taka an lo hîp luh theih turin an lo sawngbawl danglam a; thlai lak luh theih loh (unavailable form) chu thlai hman ṭangkai theih turin, available form-ah lo thlak danglamin thlaiin an lo ṭhatpui ta ṭhin a ni.
Hetiang thleng thei tur hian leilunga hrik ṭhate inthlah puntir a ngai a, an inthlah pun theihna atan chawṭha kan pek a ngai a; natural farming-ah hian Jivamrit, Bijamrit, thlai bul rih vûr ṭhatte hmangin kan hmu thei dawn a ni. Natural farming Subhash Palekara chîn chhuah hnuaiah hian thil pali pawimawh tak tak an awm a, chungte chu a hnuaia kan tarlante hi a ni:
• Jivamrit (lei ṭhatna)
• Bijamrit (thlai chi chiahna)
• Thlai bul rih vûr ṭhat (mulching)
• Lei tihmûr ṭhat (soil aeration)
JIVAMRIT SIAM DAN
Jivamrit ṭín khat hmun atana siam dan:
Bawng ek kg 10, bawng zun litre 5-10, kurtai kg 2, chana dip (besan) kg 2, lei kg 1 leh tui litre 200. Uluk takin kan chawk sawm ang a, puan nêmin bûr/bêl hmangin kan chhin ang. Ni khatah vawi hnih–zing leh tlaiah kan chawk tho zel ang a, hei hian hrik ṭhate a tinung (active) lehzual dawn a ni. Ni 4 hnuah chuan Jivamrit chu hman theih a lo ni tawh ang.
Jivamrit ṭhatnate:
• Thlai chawṭha a ken bakah, ei chhetu rannung leh natna lakah a veng thei.
• Ni 4-7 chhung chauh siam nan hun a duh.
• A siamna senso a tlem a, awlsam taka hmuh theih vek a ni.
• Lei thûr a tiziaawmin a timûr ṭha a, hrik ṭha (microbes) ṭangkai a tipung.
Jivamrit hman dan tur:
• Jivamrit ml. 50-100 (thingpui in no chanve vel) tui litre 1-ah pawlh tur.
• Litre 15 dawng bucket-ah chuan Jivamrit ml. 750-1,500 (1.5 litre = bottle 1 leh a chanve vel) kan pawlh ṭhin dawn nia.
• Hemi kan pawlh dal sa hi thlai kan chinna leilungah kan leih thei a, thlai hringa kah atan pawh a hman theih a ni.
BIJAMRIT SIAM DAN
• Tuiah chinai chawh kawi tur.
• Lei, bawng zun leh chinai kawi chu tui nen chawh pawlh tur.
• Puan nêmin bâwng êk kan fûn ang a, kan tui chawh pawlhah kan chiah/khai ang.
• Rannung an lo luh loh nan daihlimah puanin kan khuh ang.
• Ni hnih chhung kan chiah ang a, ni khatah vawi hnih–zing leh tlaiah kan chawk tho zel ang.
• Bawng ek leh zun, chinai leh leite hi thlai chi chiah tur zat azir zelin kan pawlh zat a danglam hret hret.
Bijamrit hman theih dan leh a ṭhatna:
• Nursery-a kan thlai ṭiakte kan phun sawn hmain thlai zungte Bijamrit tuiah minute 10-20 kan chiah thei. Hei hian thlai a tihrisel a, natna lakah a veng a, natna a do theih nan a pui a ni.
• Thlai chi packet-a awm sa Bijamrit-a kan chiah dawn chuan silfai hmasak a ṭha.
THLAI BUL RIH VÛR (Mulching)
Thlai kan chin reng reng hian a bul kan rih vûr ṭhat chuan a hrisel deuh bik ṭhin tih kan hmu tawh awm e. Thlasika thlai kan chin phei chuan ruahtui kan dawng lo rei ṭhin a, hetiang hunah hian zan dai farte hi thlai tui atan kan hman ṭangkai a ngai ṭhin. Hetianga khuarelin kan thlai chinte tui a lo pek hi entin nge ṭha lehzuala kan hman ang a, thlai tui mamawh kan phuhruk theih ang tih hi zawhna pawimawh tak a tling. Hetah tak hian thlai bul rih vûr hi a ṭangkai. Thlai bul kan rih vûr hian, dai farte boruaka tui hû anga a thâm ral leh mai tur a lo dang a, thlai bul ni sain a em tur lo dangin a veng a, thlasik chhung leh tui kan pek theih loh chhung pawhin kan thlaite’n tui an mamawh zât an hmu thei dawn a ni.
Thlai bul rih vûr dan hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, chutiang bawkin rih vûrna atana hmanrua kan hman theih pawh a danglam. Kan awmna azirin kan chhehvela awlsam taka kan ban phak thlai rih vûrna tur chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, chung zinga langsar zualte chu:
• Buhpáwl
• Vaimim kûng ro
• Hnim ro–huan sâmna hnim ro
• Ramngaw lei chung hâng
• Changêl
• Thing ṭang ro
• Fu khehna
• Badam kâwr
• Favai
• Thing nawrna phuai
• Kuhva khehna kâwr
• Thing ehna nâwi
Thlai natna hrang hrangte hi damdawi hmanga enkawl hma hian natural farming hnuaiah hian mahnia awlsam taka siam theih hmangin a enkawl theih a; chung zinga langsar Agniastra, Brahmastra leh Neemastra siam dante a hnuaiah hian kan tarlang dawn a ni.
AGNIASTRA
Agniastra chu bâwng zun, vaihlo hnah, hmarcha, purun var leh neem hnahte chawh pawlha siam a ni. Thlai ei chhetu rannung chi hrang hrang–hnahkhâwr, kuang bâwm pangang, thei bâwm pangang leh rah bâwm pangangte a titlem thei.
Siam dan:
• Hmarchâ, sawhthing, purun vâr (kg. chanve ṭheuh) leh vaihlo hnah (kg 1) leh neem hnah (kg 5)-te kan dêng sawm ang.
• Bawng zun litre 10 nen kan chawh pawlh ang a, kan chhûm so bawrh bawrh ang.
• Darkar 24 kan dah ang a, kan thli fîm ang.
• Hei hi thlai kahna atan a hman theih tawh a ni.
Thlaia kah dan tur: Tui litre 100-ah Agniastra litre 2 kan pawlh ang a, kan kâp ṭhin ang. Tui litre 200 dawngah Agniastra litre 4, tui bucket khatah ml. 500 (litre chanve) pawlh tur.
BRAMASTRA (hnah 5 pawlh)
Brahmastra hi hnah chi ngâ den sawm chhum pawlh bâwng zun nena chawh pawlh a ni a; hemi tui hi thlai natna leh thlai ei chhetu rannungte’n an hua a, thlai enkâwlna atan a ṭha hle.
Siam dan:
Neem hnah, thingfanghma hnah, Japan-hlo hnah, kawlthei hnah, Shillong par hnahte kan chan sawm ang. Bawng zun nen kan chhûm ang a, a tui a chanvea a phai thlengin kan chhûm ang a, kan thli fîm leh ang. Thlai zûk chîng hrik te, ngêt chi hrang hrangte kah nan a ṭha.
NEEMASTRA
Neemastra chu rannung huat tui a ni ber a, bâwng zun leh êk leh neem hnâhte chawh pawlha siam a ni a; thlai zûk chîng rannungte’n an hua.
A siamdan:
• Neem hnah kg 5 den sawm tur
• Bâwng zun liter 5 leh bâwng ek kg 2 pawlh tur
• Darkar 24 thleng up tur, up chhungin chawh ṭhin tur
• Thlit fîm a, ṭha taka sâwr tur, tui litre 100-ah pawlh tur
• Thlai kah nan a hman theih (ṭin 1 hmun atan a tawk)
Neemastra leh Brahmastra hi hman theiha kan siam peih hnuah thlâi kahna atana kan hman dawnin pawlh dal leh tur a ni a. Tui bucket khatah litre chanve vel kan pawlh thei a, tui litre 100-ah erawh chuan Neemastra leh Brahmastra te hi litre 2 kan pawlh thei; mamawh zat azirin siam mai tur a ni.
- Vanlalmalsawmi Sailo,
Subject Matter Specialist (Soil Science), KVK Lawngtlai District
Contact: 8974762718, email: sawmteisailo.ss@gmail.com