PAWISA DAH PUN

- TBC Rozara

1. Sumdawngte chuan an pawisa hmuh tling khawm chu an sumdawn zel nan an hmang tlangpui a. Midang, ni tin hna thawka hlawh nei te, in leh hmun leh thil dang (asset) hralh aṭang tea pawisa hmute hi chuan a hlawkna awma dah dan kan zawng tlangpui.

2. Mizorama hetianga pawisa dahna lar tlangpui nia ka hriat te, mipui mi mirin kan hriat chian lutuk loh nia ka ngaihte ka hriat dan ang leh a mawl thei ang bera han sawi ka tum a ni. Bank-a Term Deposit-a dah te, ram lei leh hralh ang te hi chu kan hriat chian sa deuh, sawi ngai lovah ka‘n ngai a ni.

3. Stock Market- ‘Share’ tia kan sawi mai ṭhin hi. Hei hi chi hnihah han ṭhen ila: Equity shares leh Debentures.

(i) Equity shares: Company an din hian a dintuten pawisa hlawm an dah lut mai a ni lova. Share an siam a, chumi chuan man (value) a nei a. Certificate anga siam a ni, chutah chuan a man pawh a in ziak nghal. Chumi hmang chuan pawisa hi an thawh a, an khawn khawm ṭhin. Shares neitute chu company neitute an ni a, company hlawkna (profit)-ah pawh chanvo an nei a, a tawp khawka thu neitu pawh an ni. Miin shares a neih tam dan a thuin a thu neihna pawh a tamin a sang a ni. Private company (Private Ltd.) tih ziakah hi chuan Share hi chhungkua emaw, ṭhian za bing emaw chauhin an nei thei. Public Company (Public Ltd) tih ziakho-ah hi chuan mi dang (public) pawhin share hi an nei thei. He mi share hi hralh a, lei theih a ni a, Stock Market chu chutiang share zawrh leh hralhna hmun bazar a ni a, Stock Exchange kan tih tak hi a ni.

Share hi Primary leh Secondary a awm a. Primary share chu company-in an tih chhuah (new issue) a ni a, a man pawh Certificate-a in ziak ang ang kha a ni mai. Secondary share erawh hi chu Primary share an hralh leh lei chhawn tawh kha a ni. He Secondary share hi market siamtu ber chu a ni. Share primary-a Rs. 10/- man kha za tel, sang tel a ni chho thei a, Rs.2/- man lek pawh a ni thei a, engmah, man nei miah lo pawh a ni thei. A hlep
ṭeuh theih a, a hloh duai theih bawk tihna a ni.

(ii) Debentures: Hei hi bank-a fixed deposit ang deuh tho hi a ni. Company ten pawisa an mamawh an khawn khawmna chi khat a ni mai a. A pung bituk sa awmin heng debentures hi tih chhuah a ni a. An company share neitute hnenah an pe tlang pui a, pawn lam mi, mipui tana an siam pawh a awm. A tlangpuiin an interest hi bank interest aiin a sang.

4. Mutual Fund: Mutual Fund chu miten pawisa an thawh khawma Share Market-a mi thiam zawkten pawisa dahtute tana
ṭha tura an ngaiha sumdawnna hmanrua a ni. Share market hi ṭhenkhat tan chuan hausak lawih theihna, ṭhenkhat tan erawh chuan chhiat rawihna a ni thei. Ṭhenkhat tan chuan a changa hausak, a changa pachhiatna a ni - hei hi a tam ber dinhmun a ni. Chutiang nuaih a nih avang chuan Mutual Fund concept hi a lo lar chho ta zel a. Hre chiang mang lo leh hman lo chung chunga share market-a sumdawng duh tan chuan he fund-a pawisa dah mai hi a him zawk a, a pung erawh chu a tlem zawk mai thei. Tunah hi chuan a tam ta mai. Mahse hengho hian SEBI dan (regulation) khirh tak an zawm a ngai a ni. Chung dan zinga langsar deuh chu he fund-ah hian ‘risk’ a awm tih public hnena hriattir a ni. Mutual Fund zawrhna reng rengah chuan “subject to market risks” tih kan hmu ṭhin ang a; chumi awmzia chu Mutual Fund chu share market ṭhat leh ṭhat loha in nghat a ni, ti te pawhin a sawi theih ang.

5. Chit funds/ Ponzi funds: Heng thil pahnih hi inang thuak hrang daih si an ni. A ti tute pawh hian an sawi inang fo. Dan tlang puiin Chit fund chu mi tu tute emawin pawisa an thawh khawm a, a pung awmdan tur pawh rel lawk a ni. A pung zat erawh chu a sawi lawk vek theih loh, thil innghahna nei a niin chu a pung innghahna chu a danglam a danglam theih avangin. Ponzi Schemes chu Chit Fund dal tak a ni mai a. Ponzi-ah hi chuan a pung/ hlawkna tur an sawi lawk ṭhin. Heng hian chiah puam kan han tih chi ang te hi a huam. Chit Fund hi State Government-in Chit Fund Act, 1982 hmanga a enkawl a ni. State sawrkar thuneihna hnuaia awm a ni. Ponzi pawh hi Chit Fund Act regulation hnuaia awm tho a ni a, mahse a thawh dan (operation) a dang deuh. A tlang puiin heng Fund te hi Agent hmanga mi hnen aṭanga pawisa (cash) khawn an ni a, a deposit-na hmun te pawh an siam ve ṭhin. An agent-te hi hlawh ṭha tak tak an pe a, a pung sang tak tak an tiam ṭhin. Bumna tam ber fund a ni ti ila a sual lo ang. Company lem a tam a, a tira a tak tak, dan ang thlapa in register te pawh daih rei tak tak lo an tam mai.

A chhan chu (i) tam tak chu a tir
aṭang rengin daih rei tuma ti an ni lo, mi bum tuma ti an ni (ii) Pawisa hi a hmuna khawnte a ni a, tam tak tan remchang leh awlsam tak angin a lang. Tlem te te pawha deposit theih a ni bawk nen awlsam te a pawisa peipunna ṭha tak angin an lang. Mahse record ṭha mumal an nei lo. (iii) Pawisa tam tham dahtute chu a tlangpuiin pawisa dan ang lova neite an ni a, chu chu a titute pawh hian an hre kar mai a ni. Chungho chuan an pawisa neih mi hriat an hlauh avangin Court-ah pawh an kal ngam chuang lo. (iv) Bank te ang bawkin an pawisa khawn chu a pung tam zawkin mi an puk tir a. Hetianga an puk tirna pung (interest) hi bank te aiin a sang daih a, mahse a awlsam avangin mi tam takin an puk a, pe leh thei lo pawh an tam (v) Income nei lo in te, in hmun te an lei a, chungte chu awlsam taka han hralh leh zung zung theih an ni si lova (vi) An pawisa hman chhuah danah eng mah dan mumal an nei lova, a awm chhunte pawh han kengkawh tur mumal an awm chuang lo. Awlsam taka pawisa hmu an nih angin awlsam takin an hmang huau hua a, a tawp a tawpah chuan an lo ral ta ṭhin a ni. A ṭhen daih rei deuh an awm a ni mai.

6. A sei lutuk loh nan hetiang hian han khai khawm tum ta ila. Bank Fixed Deposit chu a pung tur hriat sa leh hmuh ngei tur a ni a, him thuah chuan a him ber. A awlsam a, a pung a tlem. Bank te hi Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulation hnuaia awm an ni. Mutual Fund pawh hi a him thawkhat a, mahse a fund/ scheme a thu a ni thei. Entirnan, Equity Fund te chu equity shares hmanga sumdawnna a nih avangin risk a sang a, hausak lawih theih, tlak chhiat burh theih a ni. A fund-a risk san lohna apiang hi a pung a tlem. Mutual Fund hi SEBI (The Security and Exchange Board of India) regulation hnuaia awm an ni. RBI leh SEBI hi autonomous body an ni a, sawrkarin thuneihna nei lo tura ngaih an ni a, chutianga politics inrawlh lohna an nih avangin mi rin an hlawh. Shares hi mi tam takin pawisa an siamna a ni a, tam takin an hlohna a ni bawk.

Share Market hi englai pawhin, thil thleng chi hrang hrang, entirnan, ram politics buaiah te, sawrkar policy avang te, ruah sur (monsoon) ṭhat leh ṭhat loh avang te, indona avang te, khawvel hmun danga thil thleng avang te-a danglam thut thut thei a ni. Nikhat, kar khat, thla khat chhung pawhin a danglam reng a. Risk a sang a, lei hun leh hralh hun hriat a ngai viau. A changa hausak a, a changa pachhiat theihna a ni. Chit Fund/ Ponzi an tih ang pawh hi chutiang deuh tho chu a ni. Hengah phei hi chuan bumna a tam avangin in hloh ral vekna chance a sang hle. Share market leh Mutual Fund te hi SEBI regulation hnuaia awm a ni a, sawi tawh angin Chit/ Ponzi Fund te hi State sawrkar hnuaia awm an ni.

Kan han sawi takte khi a hlawk theih dan in dawtin dah dawn ta ila, he tiang hian kan dah thei ang: (i) Ponzi/ Chit Funds (ii) Equity Shares (iii) Mutual Funds (iv) Debentures/ Securities (v) Bank Deposits (Fixed/ Term Deposits). Hloh a hlauhawm (risk factor) in dawtin dah dawn ila khitiang chiaha in dawt khi a ni ang. Chumi awmzia chu a hlawk tam thei anga lang apiang a hlauhawm tihna. Miin pawisa dahna a pung sang deuh awm tur anga an sawi apiang chu, sawi rinawm viau mahse, fimkhur a tul tihna.

Pawisa hi a hlu a, a nei lovin neih theih dan an zawng a, a nei pawhin neih belh zel an tum. Mizoramah phei hi chuan a nei leh nei lo pawhin kan buaipui vek lehzual emaw tih tur a ni. Dik lo taka pawisa siam te, rang taka hausak thur thur tumte hi a ṭha lo hle. Hausa/ nei nung kan tihte zingah hian taima taka thawk, mi ṭha leh dik tam tak an awm. Mizoramah hian hun enge maw aṭang khan tumahin kan duh chuan miah si loh, retheih hi kan sawi mawi a. Hei hian thatchhiatna leh ngaihsamna-ah min hruai lut a. Thil dik lo ti si lovin hausak hi tum ṭheuh ila, taimak, in ren thiam leh sum khawl thiam te hi tum ta ṭheuh zawk ila. Pawisa kan neih chhun te pawh pei pun dan zir ila a ṭha ang.

(Heng ka’n ziahte hi lehkhabu te rawn hran lo va, ka experience aṭanga mimirin kan hriatthiam theih ang tur leh mite ngaihtuahna siam zui tur a, a tawi thei anga ziak ka ni. A taka ka tawn leh hriat entirna ang pawh ka telh duh lo lui a ni.)