Rûkrute chhiarkawp: Mizorama black market thlentu leh a damdawi

‘Keini chu kan duhâm lo a, mi dang hi an duhâm em a ni’ – Milton Friedman

Kum 1947 a ni a, khaw pakhata kawtthlerah chuan miin an mamawh an lo inlei tawn a. Chu kawtthlerah chuan mak tak maiin an ram pawisa ni loin, ram dang siam cigarette chu pawisa (thil leina) atan an hmang daih mai a. He thil hi Africa ram pilril a thil thleng ni loin, ram ropui Germany khawpui Berlin-a thil thleng a ni. Hetiang deuh tho hian hman ni lawka World Cup Football champion, Argentina ram ngeiah pawh tun hnai mai khan dollar chu sorkar exchange rate aia toin, man chhuah hlau tak chungin an ram pawisa nen an thleng a ni.

Heng ramahte hian black market a nasat nachhan hi an ram sorkarin ram dang aṭanga thil lak luh khapna an kalpui vang te, foreign pawisa an khuahkhirh vangte leh an ram pawisa hlutna a tlakhniam nasat vangte a ni. Black market hi Mizoram chauha thil thleng a ni lo a, Kristian ṭhat tawk loh leh duhâm vang lam ni loin, market equilibrium/market patla a lo buai hian black market a lo inlar mai ṭhin zawk a ni.

Dan pawna chetna leh chhia leh ṭha hriatna inlaichin dan

Rûkrute ang thoin black-a thil zuarte pawh hian a hlawkna (incentive) leh a hremna (risk) an bûk tawn ṭhin. Rûkru chuan mi hriat hlau takin a neitu awm loh lai chângin rûk an ru ṭhin a; man chhuah an nih loh chuan hlêp hlang a ni. Man chhuah an nih erawh chuan dan hnuaia hremna hmachhawn thei an ni tih leh jail tâng thei an ni tih an inhria.

Black-a thil zuar erawh chuan danin a phal ang ni lo deuhin an bungrua an lain an zuar thung a, a ruk tê têa zawrh erawh a ni vek hran lo. An thil zawrh azirin khawtlangin khan hmuh dan pawh a dang ṭheuh mai a, dan hnuaia hremna an hmachhawn pawh rûkrute aiin a nêp deuh zawk. Tin, rûkru panngai aiin an inthiam lohna leh society-in sual anga a hmuh dan pawh a nêp deuh zawk a, a ṭhenah phei chuan kan ngaimawh lem lo a, dan bawhchhiaah pawh kan ngai meuh lo a ni. A leitu leh a hralhtuin thil sual ti anga an inngaih loh chinah phei chuan thunun hleih theih a ni tawh ṭhin lo.

Thil man bithliahin black market a siam dan

Black market thlentu tam tak a awm a, tun atan chuan thil man bithliahin a thlen theih dan chauh kan thlûr bing dawn a ni. A chunga kan sawifiah tawh ang khian, thil man bithliahin ‘market rate’ dik tak, ‘price equilibrium’ a hlat poh leh hremna a nat a ṭul ṭhin. Hremna tihnat hi a damdawi atan thuneihna chelhtu leh chelh thei dinhmun a dingte chuan an bengkhawn nghal hle ang a, mahse, mimal leh market zalenna nasa takin a nêk chêp thei a ni.

Dan firfiak chu mi felte’n a ṭha zawngin hmang mah se, hmang sual duhtu tam tak an awm tih hmuh lâwk a ṭul. Chu mai ni lovin, eirukna (corruption) a keng tel ngei ngei tih kan hriat tel ngam a ngai bawk. Mipui nawlpui rilruah chu dan chu a hnualsuattir theih bakah, thil ti thei leh sawipuitu ṭha neite an tlang zel bawk si chuan dan zahawm lo a lo ni a, a kengkawhtu ber pawh a bawhchhetuah an ṭang ta hlauh ṭhin bawk. Thil pawi em em bawk chu, thawk chhuaktu lam pawh a tihhnual avangin hmasawnna a tiṭhuanawp nasa hle a ni.

Thil man bithliah vang te, lei duhtu an awm reng laia mihring tana a ṭhat loh avanga khap a ṭul vangte leh chhiah sang taka lakte hian black market a siam ṭhin a. Mihring tana ṭha lo ang chite chu thunun an ngai tih hai rual a nih loh laiin, kan bungraw mamawh reng si chunga thuneihna hleihluak taka kan lo lek hian harsatna lian zawk a siam ṭhin.

Thil man bithliah hi a tirah chuan market rate pangngai aia hniam hretin tih a ni tlangpui ṭhin a. Ram hruaitute’n mipui tana thil ṭha an ti anga a lan avangin mipui tan pawh pawm mai a awlsam. Amaherawhchu, market equilibrium hi thil danglam reng a nih avang leh thil thuhmun rengah pawh a leitu leh a hralhtu azira a danglam zel avangin hun a lo kal deuh chuan harsatna nasa zawk a siam ṭhin a; hei hian thil man pawh a tihto phah hlauh thei. A man dik tak aia tlâwma sumdawngte zawrh luihtir an nih avangin indaih lohna a thlen ngei ngei bawk. Thil vang na nâ nã chu a to mai tur a nih laiin, rate siam a nih tawh chuan a man ngai rengin zawrh a lo tul ṭhin a, a leitu ho inkarah inrin tawn lohna a lo awm vat ṭhin a; a la hmasa leh chang tam nih tumin kan inchuh ta vak mai ṭhin a ni. Inchuhna a la tamte hi duhâm kan ti a, mi dang kian ve turte pawhin kan inhrilh fo mai; mahse, hetiang ti lo thei loa min siamtu hi kan chhût tel thiam a ṭul. Mizoramah pawh petrol leh diesel-ah harsatna kan neih fo nachhan hi a ni. Buhfai erawh hi chu mi zawng zawng mamawh ni tho mah se, mimala zuar an awm tam tâk deuh avangin ration la tur bakin kan intlar tawh ngai meuh lo a nih hi!

A leitu leh a zuartu lam inrem theih rengna, bungrua, mihring tana pawi ni si loahte khuahkhirhna kan siam hian hmasawnna a dîp bakah, dan zahlohna a thlen nasa hle. Thil man sang tur thunun nan bera rate siam ang phei hi chu malaria khawsik damdawi atana paracetamol hlang hman ang chauh a ni a; ram inrelbawlna nihphung hre phak tan phei chuan thil tih chi miah loh a ni. Market-ah reng reng hian thil hlutna hi a man aṭanga teh ṭhin a ni a, thil man hi a zuartu leh a leitu inkara ‘signal’ pawimawh tak a ni. Pawlin emaw, sorkarin emaw rate an siam tawh chuan he signal hi hliah a lo ni ta ṭhin a, hei hi sumdawng pawlte’n remchangah lo lain, thil man sang zawk phût nan an hmang hlauh thei bawk. Mizorama pawl tam em em chhan leh cartel an siam zel chhan pawh hi a bul pakhat chu hei hi a ni. Thil a to em em chhante pawh hi chhût thiam tan chuan hmuh hmai rual a ni lo. Thil man kan siam dawn a nih pawhin market ngaichang chung renga kan rate siam chu kan tihdanglam ve zung zung a ṭul a, artui chunga kal tum ang deuh anih avangin fimkhur a ṭul hle.

A damdawi dik tak

Germany rama politician leh economist Ludwig Erhard chuan kum 1948 khan an ram awptu Allies hoin thil man sang tur thunun nana thil man an bithliahte chu a paih vek a. He thupek hi Pathianni (Sunda-) ah an ram awptute leh pawl chi hrang hrang inrin loh laiin radio-ah a puang nghe nghe. A thil tih avang hian ‘German Economic Miracle’ an tih chu Germany ramah a lo inṭan ta a ni. Keini pawhin damdawi awm sa, ram dang leh India-ah ngei pawh kum 1990 chhoa kan hman, ‘market dah zalen ngam’ hi kan hman ngam ve a ngai a. Puitlin kan zir dawn chuan chithlum ringawtin a daih lo a, damdawi khate pawh kan mamawh ve ta niin a lang.

Black-a thil zuarte awlsam taka an hmasialzia sawi mai loin, dan siamtu te, pawl hrang hrangte leh consumer union-te hian thil kan zir zau deuh a ngai a ni. Consumer-te dikna humhalh tumtute pawhin ‘inbumna’ leh thil man khuahkhirhnain ‘market’ a khawih buai avanga black market lo awm tate hi an thliar hran thiam a pawimawh. Harsatna a lo thlen hian thuneihna kengkawhtute leh mi hausate an buai lo a, kan ṭanpui tumte bawkin a ni buaina tâwk a, anmahni bawk a ni harsatna kan thlen fo tih hmuh thiam a ṭul.

Petrol leh diesel-te hi sorkar company-te’n a tlâwma an zawrh hi a ṭangkai em em rualin, private company-te an lo luh theih dan ngaihtuah a ṭul ta viau. PSU-te hian hlêp ûm ve tho bawk mah se, khuahkhirna a tam avangin supply lamin demand a ûm pha meuh lo. Private-a sumdawngte chuan hlêp an ûm avangin lei tur a awm loh mipui aiin an hlau dawn a, a tirah lo to deuh hret mah se, a vàn laia lak khawl vak vakte leh hun hlu tak khawh rala rei tak tak intlarte hi a bo thei ang. Oil depot zawnga buai buai pawh a ngai lo thei hial awm e. Tun hnaia kawng chhia vanga harsatna kan tawh pawhin LPG leh buhfai lamah chuan private an awm sup avangin harsatna a nêp tak viau kha. Chutiang tho chuan commecial vehicle lamahte pawh liberalisation hman thiam kan mamawh hle bawk.

- Lalhruaizela Fanai (PGDM–Financial Management)