Pathian leh Laws of Thermodynamics: Mechanical Engineer thlirna lam aṭangin–I

Michael A. Boles (Associate Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University NCSU) leh Yunus A. Cengel (Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno) te lehkhabu ziah 'Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach'-ah chuan, “Thermodynamics innghahna lungphumte (principles) hi universe insiam tirh aṭang rengin a awm tawh a ni,” tiin an ziak a. Heng thermodynamics principle-te hi an pawimawh reng bawk a, a bikin engineering lamah; tunlaia engineering lama thiamna tam zawk hi heng lungphuma innghat tlat a ni.

Michael J. Moran, 'Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics' tih lehkhabu ziaktu chuan “Tha chakna (energy) kan tih hi thermodynamics-ah chuan a laimu a ni a, engineering bihchiannaah pawh a peng pawimawh ber zinga mi a ni," a ti a. Thermodynamics hi thil lo awm ṭan dan chhuina–thilsiam (creation) a ni emaw, zawi muanga lo awm (evolution) a ni emaw, tih chungchangah hian ṭangkaina an nei em? Tunlai science thiamnaah hian hman ṭangkaina an awm em? I han chhui zau teh ang.

Eng nge Thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics tih thumal hi Father of Thermodynamics ti hiala an koh Lord Kelvin-a'n (William Thomson tia koh ṭhin) a hmang hmasa ber a. Greek ṭawng thumal pahnih–therme ‘sa/lumna’ tih leh dunamis ‘chakna/thiltihtheihna’ tih lak kawp aṭanga lokal a ni. Thermodynamics kan tih chuan, tha chakna (energy) chungchang, lumna nena a inkungkaih dante nena zirna a ni ber. Thermodynamics chungchang zirbingna hi hun rei tak aṭangin a awm tawh a, chuvang chuan tunlaiah chuan a innghahna lungphum hrang hrang hi scientist-te’n an hre chiang tawh. Heng an hriat tawh sate aṭang hian awlsam takin an thil siam turahte an hmang ṭangkai mai thei tawh a ni.

Thermodynamics dan pakhatna leh dan pahnihna

Thermodynamic innghahna lungphum zingah 'First Law of Thermodynamics' leh 'Second Law of Thermodynamics' te hi a pawimawh zual a. Engineer-te tan chauh ni lo, universe insiam dan leh a siamtu chungchang inhnialna atan pawha pawimawh tak heng thil awmphung sawifiahna dan (law)-te hi eng nge an nih chiah han en ila.

Pakhatna: First Law of Thermodynamics hi Robert Mayer-a duan chhuah a ni. He dan (law)-in a sawi ber chu, “Tha chakna/energy hi a siam chawp theih loh a, a tihbo theih bawk hek lo; mahse, a awm dan chi khat aṭangin awm dan chi dangah erawh a chantir theih,” tih a ni. He principle hi ‘Conservation of Energy Principle’ tite pawhin an sawi rêng a. Entirna pakhat pe ta ila: Thing kan tuah a, thing chu a lo kang a, chu thinga energy awm chu a lo kan takah chuan lumnaah a lo chang zel a ni. Thinga energy awm sa kha a bo chuang lo a, mahse, a kan tam ang zelin a energy neih chu awm phung dangah a insawn a ni ber. He principle hi kawng hrang hranga a rintlakzia finfiah tawh a ni a, mi ṭhenkhat chuan science zirna huang chhunga principle hrang hrang zingah a ṭangkai ber a ni e, an ti hial a ni.

Pahnihna: Second Law of Thermodynamics tia kan hriat hi Lord Kelvin leh Rudolph Clausius-a ten a hran ve vea an thil hmuh chhuah aṭanga duan chhuah a ni. He principle-in a sawi chu, energy awmphung pakhat aṭanga energy awmphung danga a lo chan hian, a awm dan hmasa ai khan a hnuhnung zawk kha hman ṭangkai emaw, hman nawn leh emaw a harsa sawt ṭhin. Thing tuah kang chungchang kan sawiah pawh khan, a thinga a awm lai aiin a kan hnu, meivâp leh lumnaa a chan ral tak hnu chuan a ṭangkaina a tlem sawt a, lak khawm leh pawh a har zawk. Energy pakhat aṭanga a danga a chan tawh hnuin, a tira a energy awm dan phung zawkah khan a dah let leh theih tawh loh. Entir nan: meivâpa chang tawh kha, amah aṭanga lumna chhuak tawhte la khawm leh vekin thing la hâl kan hauh lohah chan let ngaihna a awm tawh lo.

Chuvang chuan, kan universe hian tha chakna (energy) hman ṭangkai theih a nei tlem tial tial a. Lord Kelvin-a’n a sawi angin energy-te hi dan rual lohin mihringte’n kan chân zel a; an bo ta chu a ni lo a, mahse, hman tlak lohah an ral zel a ni. Chu chu 'Entropy Principle' kan tih chu a lo ni ta.

Entropy principle-in a sawi dan chuan, khawvel awm dan phung rêngah a buai leh hnawk zawngin thil hi a kal zel mai a ni. Entir nan: i ina rawng i hnawih kha a rawng thar leh dak nalh hlarh khan a awm reng thei em? I fapa pindan kha hun a rei ang zelin a lo felfai tual tual ang em? Nge a hnawk tulh tulh zawk? I fapa tihhnawk kher loh pawhin vaivut khu leh thil dang vangin a hnawkin a bâl thuai ang.

A awmzia berah chuan, kan universe hi a buaichuar zawngin a kal ve hrim hrim a; kan chenna in ngei pawh kan tuaihnûm reng chung pawhin hlui leh chhiat lam a pan tho. Kan tuaihnûm loh phei chuan a chhiat chakzia ang chiah hian, engmah ti lo ila, thil reng reng hi anmahniin a chhe zawngin an kal zel ang–hman tlak loh an nih thlengin. Chu chu Second Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Entropy)-in a sawi chu a ni ber mai.

Entropy hi khawvel awmphung reng a ni a, a chhiat chak dante chu mihringte thiltih hmangte pawhin kan timuang a ni thei; mahse, eng kawng maha pumpelh theih erawh a ni lo. Chuvang chuan, engineering hmangtein energy a lothlawna kal ral a tlem theih dan tur te, energy a ṭangkai thei ang bera hman theih dan turte kan ngaihtuah rêng a ni. Chutiang chuan electric siam chhuah nan turbine khawlte an siam a, tuihû emaw, gas emaw, tui chakna hmang emawtein energy hman ṭangkaina khawl an siam chhuak a. Eng anga siamin nge energy tam thei ang ber a ṭangkai zawnga kan chhuah theih ang tih ngaihtuah reng rengin engineer mi thiamte an hmanhlelh hle ṭhin.

Engineer-te chuan a ṭha thei ang ber (100%) turin khawlte an thiam tawkin han duang sateh mah se, energy zawng zawng hman ṭangkai tlaka chantir chhuak tur chuan eng khawl mah an chhuah thei chuang lo. Khawl ṭhenkhat chu 90% hman tlak thahrui neite'n an siam chhuak thei chungin, energy eng emaw zat tal chu hman zui theih lohin a liam lo thei lo. Entropy kan sawifiah tak ang khan, universe-a thil awm reng reng hi chhiat lam pan zawng zelin a kal a, energy awm dan pakhat aṭanga awm dan danga chantir a nihin 'energy loss' a awm zel ṭhin tih kha a dik zel tihna. Mihring thiamna sang zel pawhin energy zaah zaa hman tlakah an let chhuak thei chuang si lo.

Engineer ṭhenkhat chuan entropy (universe-a thil awmte a chhia/hnawk lam zawng zela an kal kha) tihmuan tum chu an hun pumpuia an mutmawh berah an nei hial a. Chutiang tak chuan heng principle-te hi science huang chhungah chuan thu dik leh rintlaka pawm leh buaipui a ni.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language chuan science huang chhunga ‘law’ tih hian ‘thil inkungkaih dan, a sawi chin huang chhunga kawng hrang hrangah pawh danglam ve mai mai lo, sawifiahna a ni e’ tiin a hrilhfiah. Heng scientific law-te hi danglam lo, ngai reng an ni tihna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu, hemiah hi chuan a nihphung (case) a dang bik deuh a, a dik (follow) ve chiah lo han tihna tur ang eng emaw (exception) pawh awm lovin a dik vek tihna a ni ber ang chu.

Evolutionist Jeremy Rifkin chuan, “He Entropy Law hi ngaihdan pawm hlawh ber a ni ngei dawn,” tiin he Themodynamic Laws rintlakzia a lo fak a; Albert Einstein pawhin scientific law zinga pawimawh ber leh chungnung ber a ti hial. Pathianin a duang a, creationist-te’n chu chu an ring a, engineer-te’n an hmang ṭangkai bawk. Mahse, evolutionist ho chuan an ngaihdan vawn lai nen an en rem thiam tlat lo thung.

Kan la chhunzawm leh dawn nia.

- Rinfela Zadeng