Tuirial HPP-a pawisa chawi belh leh a behbawm

Sawi hawnna:

Tuirial Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP)-ah energy shortfall man Rs vbc 102 chawi a ngaih thu kum 2024 tawp lama Power Minister-in a sawi khan power lei dan chungchanga agreement siam laiin engineer-te kha fimkhur lovah puh an ni a. He thu ang deuh tho hi December 2024 khan Chief Minister khan a rawn sawi ve leh bawk. Khatiang thu kha engineer thawk lai leh pension tawhte tan pawh hriat a nuam lo viau mai. A sawitute thu laknate’n an sawifiah tawk lo a nih a rinawm. Kha pawisa chawi ngai an sawi kha tun hma lama agreement siam chhiat vang ni lovin, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2024 siam thar Gazette of India No. 468, July 1, 2024-a chhuak vanga awm a ni zawk. Regulations thar hi April 2024 aṭanga hman, March 2029 thlenga hman tura duan a ni.

Tute mahin thil nih dan dik an rawn tarlang ta mai si lo va, thil nih dan dik hi ram hruaitute leh mipuite’n kan hriat chian a ṭhaa ka hriat avangin tlai khaw hnuah ka hriat danin a sawifiahna ka han tharthawh ve a ni e. Kan chian theih deuh nan Tuirial HPP chanchin leh a kaihhnawih thil ṭhenkhat hi i lo thlirho teh ang. Electric thilah hi chuan Mizo ṭawng ni lo deuh te, a tawi zawk nan thu lamtawi tam tak telh a ngai fo a, a chhiar dan in lo thiam ka beisei.

Thuhmahruai:

Electric power hi mimal leh ram hmasawnna hnukpui a nih avang hian sawitu leh sawi thei apui hi an tam khawp mai. National leh state level-ah pawh politician-te’n inchirhtheh nan leh hamṭhatna lak tum nan an hmang fo. Chutihlaiin, kawngpui siamna atana lei laih vak vak te, tlang ram lo atana ramngaw zau tak tak vaha hâl duai duai te, industry atana hmun zau pui pui tifaia invalh te, plastic leh bawlhhlawh dang paih khawma hâl vak vak te, mimal ram zau tak tak nei, cheibâwl ṭha si lova thing leh mau tihchereu te, ram tihkan mai maite ngaimawh lutuk si lovin environment humhalhtute’n electric siam chhuahna lamin environment tichhe nasa ta bik riau anga ngaih theihin thu leh hla an nei ṭhin. Hmasawnna atana kan mamawh, a lova kan awm theih loh electric siam chhuahna atan, a bikin keimahni state chhung ngeia awm tura kan duh a nih si chuan man sang tak kan pek ve a ngai.

Power sector-ah hian technical thil khirhkhan a tam em em a, dan (act) leh dan tesêp (rules) te, kaihhruaina (guidelines) zawm ngei ngei tur chi hrang a tam hle. Tun hma lama dan hrang hrang awm tawhte thlak nan ‘The Electricity Act 2003’ chu sawrkar laipuiin a siam a; he dan hnuaiah hian rules leh regulations awmin, electric dan bawhchhiat vanga sum tam tak chawi leh jail tàn thlengin hrem theih a ni. Electricity buaipui hi thil khirhkhan leh thiam bik ngai tak a nih avangin Indian Constitution-a Seventh Schedule-ah langin, Concurrent Subject (Entry 38 of List III) a ni. Central leh state sawrkarin thuneihna chin an nei ve ve. Power siam chhuah, thawn kual, consumer hnena sem, electric bill leh a kaihhnawih dangte hi danin phalna a pekte tan chauh tih theih a ni. Chuvangin heng zawng zawng dan anga lo kengkawh turin central-ah CERC din a ni a, state-ah State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) din a ni thung. Technical, commercial, dan leh hrai ken tel a ngah avang hian ziaktu/sawitu tam tak hian electric siam chhuah dan kalphung hi an hre kim lo fo niin a lang.

Tuirial HPP:

Mizoram chhunga HPP siam tawh zinga lian ber, 60 MW Tuirial HPP hi Central Sector Generating Station (Power Generator) a ni a, North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO) Limited-in anmahni sum hmanga an thawh, an ta a ni. A awmna hmun hi Kolasib district-a Saipum khaw bul lawk km. 6-a hlaah a ni. 30 MW khawl pahnih a awm a, 60 MW thleng pe chhuak thei tura duan a ni.

Project tharthawh leh dan:

Tuirial HPP hian chanchin thui tak a nei a, ṭum hnih lai thawh a ni nghe nghe. Thawh khatna chu Central Water Commission-in Detailed Project Report (DPR 1991) a siam angin kum 1996-ah NEEPCO-in a thawk ṭan a, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), Govt of India (GoI)-in July 1998-ah phalna pein, project cost chu Rs vbc 368.12 a ni a, July 2006-a thawk zo tura tih a ni. Hna chu kum 2001 aṭangin chak zawka thawh a ni a; mahse, compensation chungchangah buaina a chhuah tak avangin hna thawh chhunzawm theih loh khawpin harsatna a thleng a, June 2004-ah project chu tawpsan a lo ni ta a. Hemi hun thlenga hna thawh zat chu project-ah 30% leh designed & engineering works-ah 95% a ni.

Project thawh hnihna chu kum 2010 bul lam aṭangin tharthawh leh a ni a. Mizoram sawrkarin nasa taka a beih hnuah Central sawrkar chuan Tuirial HPP ngaihtuah turin Public Investment Board (PIB) a din a, chairman-ah Secretary (Expenditure), Ministry of Finance a ruat. He Board meeting hian Tuirial HPP a puitlin theihna tur kawng hrang hrang dapin, harsatna sutkian dan turte a rel a. Project chu thawh chhunzawm tura rel a ni a, project cost pawh Rs vbc 913.63-ah a kai ta. Ministry of Power (MoP)-in project chhunzawm phalna January 2011-ah a pe a, January 2014-a thawk zo tura tih a ni. Power siam chhuah 12% free power bak pawh Mizoram sawrkarin a lei vek tura tih a ni. Project cost vbc 913.63 -ah hian Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER)-in grant cheng vbc 300 a lo pe ve bawk ang.

Hna thawh chhoh zel a ni:

MoP-in kum 2011-a Investment Approval a pek angin NEEPCO chuan hna a thawk chho a; boruak ralmuang lo leh compensation-ah harsatna hranpa a awm loh avangin Mizoram sawrkar pawh a inrawlh a ṭul lem lo. Amaherawhchu, beisei anga hnathawh a kal chak tawk loh chungchangah meeting neih zauh zauh ṭhin a ni. NEEPCO hi Central sawrkar ta a nih angin kawng engkimah direct-in MoP a dawr mai ṭhin.

Beisei angin NEEPCO-in hna a thawk chak lo a, zawh hun tura tih January 2014-ah pawh nasa takin a zo hman lo. NEEPCO chuan March 2015-ah revised cost estimate (RCE) siamin, project cost chu December 2014 price level (PL)-in vbc. 1,381.71-ah an tisang a. Power man a chhût chhuah chu Rs 7.78/unit (kum hmasa berah) leh Rs 8.46/unit (levellized tariff) a ni ta daih mai. Kum 2015 chhung pawha project thawh zawh a la nih loh cheu avangin April 2016-ah RCE siam lehin, project cost chu vbc. 1,441.52 (Dec 2015 PL)-ah an tisang leh bawk. He RCE anga chhût chuan power man chu Rs 10.44/unit (kum hmasa ber) leh Rs 10.54/unit levellized tariff a ni. NEEPCO-in RCE a siam ṭhin lai hian Mizoram sawrkar a ráwn ngai lo a, MoP-ah direct-in approval a dil tawp ṭhin.

Hun a kal zel a, August 14, 2017-ah Unit-I aṭangin a vawi khat nan transmission line-ah power pek chhuah (test) a ni a, hmasawnna ropui tak chu a ni ve phawt mai. Regulations-in a duh dan angin trial run chu full capacity-in October 29, 2017-ah hlawhtling taka zawh a ni. Hei hi project approve laia zawh hun tur tih aṭangin thla 45 zetin a tlai. Hetiang deuh bawk hian Unit-II pawh January 29, 2018-ah dan ang thlapin trial run zawh a ni ve leh chauh a; Tuirial HPP hi January 30, 2018-ah full commission a ni ta a ni.

Mizoram leh NEEPCO thu a inhmu lo:

June 2010-a project thawh hnihna ṭan tura inremna siam a nih khan power rate tur chhût lâwk sa chu kum khatnaah Rs 4.18/unit, levellized tariff chu Rs 4.83/unit anga tarlan a ni. Project chu hun tiam chhunga zawh a nih loh avangin project cost pawh a sang ta hle a, NEEPCO-in power hralhna man tur an chhût pawh a chunga tarlan ang khian a sang hle. Chu power man sang chu Mizoram pawhin nawr hniam tumin nasa takin ṭan a la a; P&E Deptt Secretary chuan January 20, 2017 khan MoP-ah lehkha thawnin, 12% free power bak phei chu la kir (surrender) vek turin a ngen hial. Mizoram Chief Minister pawhin Union Power Minister hnenah September 11, 2017 khan lehkha ziakin, power rate atan Rs 3.32/unit (hei hi 2016-17 chhunga power station hrang hrang aṭanga leina average rate ang) a nih theih nan kawng zawnsak turin a ngen bawk.

Kawng hrang hranga indawrna a awm hnuah MoP chuan DoNER Ministry aṭangin grant cheng vbc 133.99 a nawr chhuak ve leh ta bawk a. He grant bakah Operation & Maintenance charge-te a tihhniam leh hnuin project cost chu vbc. 1,143.15 a lo ni thei ta a ni. Tichuan, NEEPCO-in tariff petition CERC-a a file dan chuan–kum khatnaah Rs 5.18/unit a ni a, levellized tariff chu Rs 6.07/unit a lo ni ta a ni.

Power Purchase Agreeement (PPA):

Kum 2015-16 vel thleng pawh khan India ramah Energy Exchange aṭangin duh hun hunah, duh zah zah power lei tur a awm lo a, lei theihna turin dan mumal a la awm lo. Tun hma chuan state-in power a lei dan ber chu Central sawrkar hnuaia awm Central Power Generating Station (Power Generator) neitu – NEEPCO, NTPC, NHPC leh joint venture company-te aṭangin a ni ber. Hengho hian power project an siam hma fe kum aṭangin power leitu tur state leh industry lian neitute an dawr hmasa a; state-in hun lo kal tur thlirin power mamawhna sang zel phuhru turin Letter of Interest/Comfort Letter a lo pe ṭhin. Hetiang lehkhaah hian power lei duh zat chiang taka ziakin pe ṭhin a ni. Hemi hnu hian MoP chuan power lei duhtu hrang hrangte dawn theih zat a ruahman (allocate) ta ṭhin a; chumi zulzui chuan power generator-te hian PPA an bawhzui mai ṭhin.

Power plant chuan dan ang thlapa technical leh commercial commissioning a zawh hnuah allocation angin state-te’n an insem ta ṭhin a. MoP hian thuneihna a neih angin PPA pawh guidelines (Model Agreement for Procurement of Power) a siam a, chumi zûlzui chuan state leh power generator-te chuan agreement chu an ziak ta ṭhin a ni. Agreement chhungah hian – a leitu mawhphurhna, a hralhtu mawhphurhna, energy metering, payment, contract hun chhung, energy accounting, tariff, arbitration leh adt. a chuang a; a leitu emaw, a hralhtu duh ang diak diakin thuthlung dah ngawt theih a ni lo.

Central power plant-ah phei chuan power rate hi danin CERC bituk tura a dah sa a ni. Electricity Regulatory Commission hi danpuiin quasi-judicial authority neia a dah avangin, tariff petition chu lo zir chiangin public hearing-te a ko ang a, rawtna leh vuivainate a zir chian vek hnuah tariff order a chhuah ang. Tariff order hi thutàwp a ni a, power buaipuituho chuan an zawm vek tur a ni. Tuirial HPP hi kum 2010-ah tharthawh a ni a, PPA hi July 2010-ah Mizoram sawrkar remtih anga ziah a ni.

Kum 2010 chho kha chuan tunlai (2024-25) hun anga tariff based competitive bidding kalphung a la awm ve lo va, Mizoram ang hmun kilkhawra thawk duh leh thawk thei awmte nen indawr a ni tlangpui. Vawiin thleng pawh hian Mizorama electric project thawk duh anga lang hi chu an awm nual a, mahse, a kaihhnawih thil chi hrang hrang dinhmun dik tak an zir chian hnu hi chuan an zûzî leh zel a, tun dinhmunah hian kan ding mek rih chu a nih hi!

Billing kalphung:

Power leina man bill pek chungchangah pawh hriat thiam mai harsa a awm nual. North eastern region (NER)-a power sem zai buaipuitu leh energy accounting zawng zawng buatsaihtu chu North Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NERLDC) a ni. Anni hi energy accounting-ah thuneitu ber niin, thla liam taa power generator-te’n power an hralh chhuah (scheduled) ang chiah kha an lo chhinchhiah a, chutiang chiah chauh chuan generating company-te’n bill an siam tur a ni.

CERC hian energy bill dan Availability Based Tariff (ABT) chu kum 2002 chhoah a hmang ṭan a, NER hi chuan November 2003-ah kan hmang ṭan. He energy bill dan kalphung (two part tariff)-ah hian thil pahnih – energy charge (variable charge) leh capacity charge (fixed charge) a keng tel a. Tunah phei chuan schedule aia tam emaw, tlem emaw lak (draw) avangin chawi belh theih dan a awm ta lehnghal. Tuirial HPP aṭanga power kan leiah pawh hian energy bill-ah energy charge leh capacity charge a tel zel a, telh loh bik neih theih a ni lo. Tariff order-ah kum tin capacity charge bill theih zat bithliah sa a awm avangin energy charge a tlem leh a tam thla pawhin fixed charge zawk hi chu a ngai tlangpui. Dan a nih avangin Tuirial HPP aṭangin energy hralh tlem mahse fixed charge chu thla dang ang a ni tho ṭhin. PPA hmanga he kalphung hi han sîksawi danglam theih ngawt a ni lo.

CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations hian payment chungchang chiang deuhin a sawi a. Energy bill date aṭanga ni 5 chhunga payment pek (generating company account-a thun) hman a nih chuan rebate 1.5% dawn theih a ni a. Chuti ni lova bill date aṭanga ni 45 chunga pawha payment pek hman a nih loh chuan surcharge 1.5% per month chawi tur a ni. Ni 75 chhung bill bá kha chegn vbc 1 a tlin phei chuan India ram pumpui hmuh theih turin PRAAPTI website-ah an tar chhuak a, hremna hmasa ber atan power hralh chhawn (trading) khap hmak a ni. Bill pek loh zel chuan hremna a na tial tial a, Mizorama power lak luhna zawng zawng pawh (Tuirial HPP telin) a titawp (cut) hmak thei.

Tuirial HPP hi thla tina generation thuhmun pût tura duan a ni lo. Designed energy zat, kum khat (April-March) atan CERC-in a pawm chu 250.63 million unit (MU) a ni. Energy shortfall sawi nan hian megawatt (power) ni lovin, million unit (energy) zawk hman a ni ṭhin. Generation shortfall man chawi a nih theih dan chu CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2024 Clause 65(8)-ah hetiang hian a inziak: “Any shortfall in the energy charges on account of saleable scheduled energy (ex-bus) being less than the saleable design energy (ex-bus) during the tariff period 2019-24, which was beyond the control of the generating station and which could not be recovered during the said tariff period shall be recovered in accordance with clause (7) of this Regulation.” He dan hmang hian Tuirial HPP pawhin kum 2019-2024 chhunga generation shortfall man hi Mizoram sawrkar a rawn ṭhíng ta a ni, tun hma (July 2010)-a PPA siam vanga lo awm a ni lo.

He Regulations thar hian kum 2019-2024 chhunga shortfall claim theih dan a siam a, shortfall a awm chuan generating company-in a claim thei. Tuirial HPP-in a taka energy a generate (schedule generation) khan energy a generate theih tura chhût sa (designed energy) zat a pha ta si lo va, a phak lohna zat energy kha energy shortfall chu a ni a. Chumi man chu NEEPCO-in (anmahni tih theih bak a nih avangin) he Regulations thar hmang hian power hmangtute a rawn ṭhíng thei ta tihna a nih chu. July 2010-a PPA sign lai khan hetiang dan hi a la awm loh avangin lo telh lâwk theih a ni lo.

Regulations thar avang hian state danga HPP awmnaah pawh hetianga shortfall awm chu dan angin an claim vek a, Mizoram chauh hi a tuartu kan ni lo. Mizoramin share a neihna central sector HPP dang aṭangte pawhin Tuirial HPP ang deuha energy shortfall man (share % aṭanga chhût) chawi ngai hi Ranganadi HPP (Arunachal-a awm, Mizoram share – 23.09 MW) leh Doyang HPP (Nagaland-a awm, Mizoram share – 3.94 MW) aṭangin Mizoram hi an rawn ṭhíng mek bawk. Tichuan, a zavaia energy shortfall man Mizoramin a chawi tur chu cheng vbc. 105.69 a ni.

MoP, CERC, SERC te hian dan an siam thei a, dan siam a nih hian dan hmangtu turte chuan petition hmangin comments/objections/suggestions an siam thei a, hearing pawh neih a ni ngei ṭhin. Chung zawng zawng hnuah chuan dan chu hman turin a chhuah ta ṭhin a ni. Electricity kaihhnawiha thubuai chingfeltu pawh commission bawk a ni a; state commission emaw, central commission emaw, Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL) leh Supreme Court of India te chu rorelna kengkawhtute an ni.

Payment Security Mechanism:

Dan siamtute hian power generator-te energy bill, Discom (Distribution Company/Power Deptt.) ten rei tak tak an batsak ṭhin tihbo nan ‘Letter of Credit’ (LC) account hawn ngei tur a ti a. Power leitute hian bank-ah payment pekna turin LC account an hawng tur a ni. Chu account-ah chuan security atan thla tin bill average zat 0.05% aia tlem lo a dah reng tur a ni a; bill lo kal veleh bank-in lo check-in payment an pe ang a, hei hi ni 7 chhungin power leituin a chhung khat leh ṭhin ang. RBI nena agreement ziak lo company aṭanga lei phei chuan thla 3 bill amount ang kha security-ah hnawh khah reng tur a ni, hei hi Default Escrow account a ni. Power leitu duh dan ang ngawr ngawrin a indawr ngawt theih a ni lo.

Supplementary bill dang pawh a awm ve thei reng bawk. A awm theih chhan lian deuh deuhte chu – NERLDC-in monthly energy account an siamah revision an neih ṭhin avangin generating company-in bill dang a siam leh ṭhin; thla tin bill leh bill dang pek ṭhat loh vanga surcharge a tlin khawmin; fuel price (coal leh gas) danglam vangin; PLI (performance linked incentives)-te file a niha pawm a nihin; alternate tax, foreign exchange rate variations, insurance, hedging (risk factor) a punin; tariff true up leh tun hma thubuai chinfel a nihin. Supplementary bill hi chu a tam emaw, a tlem emaw, bill pênhleh awm ve reng tur chi a ni.

State pachhe tan chuan power plant lian siam hi a awl-ai lo. Energy exchange kaltlanga power man tlawm zawk lei tur awm anga ṭhenkhatin an sawi vul viau pawh hi a dikna lai chu a awm tho rualin, hetianga power lei dan system hi state rethei Mizoram ang tan chuan a taka chantir a harsa hle. Power mamawh hi ni khat atan (day ahead) emaw, kar khat atan (week ahead) anga chhût chhuaha indawr (bid) a ngai a, bid rualin power lei duh zat man chu pek lâwk nghal zel (pre-paid) a ngai ṭhin; state pachhia Mizoram ang tan a harsa.

Rawtna leh thurâwn:

Electric power siam chhuah leh sem darh thilah hian technical thil harsa tak tak, a zira zir chhuak tawh tan pawh zir belh zel ngai a tam. Electric technical thil te, dan leh hrai te, Electricity Acts leh Rule te, order leh regulations, code leh a kaihhnawih thil tam tak hriat bel hle a ngai. Power tariff chungchangah hian petition thar hi CERC-ah a lut ve reng a, constituent hrang hrang khawih thil te, state mal khawih thil bikte a awm thei. Hetiang thil hmachhawn tur hian Mizoram sawrkar leh P&E Department hi tun aia uluk lehzuala an inbuatsaih a ngai. Electric lam thil hria advocate thiam tak a ngheta rawih ngei a ṭul hle. Petition awm palh thei chhanna atana ṭan chhan theih tur data pawimawh leh record dik, thlalak, document pawimawhte englai pawha zawn khawm a, kawl ṭhat theih a ngai hle bawk ang.

- Er F. Rualzakhuma