Roreltu ṭha zia

Sawrkarna kalpui dan (governance) kawngah hian hmân aṭangin mi ṭha nge pawimawh ang, kalphung (system) ṭha tia inhnialna hi a awm reng tawh a. Singapore dintu Lee Kuan Yew-a khan ṭum khat chu, "Mi ṭha chu kalphung ṭha aiin a ṭha zawk, a chhan chu mi ṭha lo hian kalphung ṭha eng ang pawh hi a tichhe vek thei thung ang," tiin a sawi a ni âwm e (F. Vanlalrochana, 165). A dik viau âwm teh tak e. Eng anga kalphung ṭha/kalphung thar pawh ni mah se, mi ṭha, roreltu ṭha kan neih si loh chuan awmzia a awm chuang lo. Chuvangin, kalphung ṭha ai mahin mi ṭha, roreltu ṭha kan mamawh hmasa zawk a ni, ti ila kan sawi sual viauin a rinawm loh.

Roreltuin a zir avanga ramin hma a sawnna langsar leh lar tak pakhat chu Singapore a ni. Singapore hi ram tê tak tê a ni a, kum 1965-a zalenna a hmuh khan harsatna tam tak a tâwk a. Nawhchizuar tamna, kutdawh tamna, mi rethei tamna leh pawi khawihna hluarna hmun a ni. Ṭhalai hna hmu lo an tam em em a, sorkar hnathawk leh thu neitute zîngah eirukna a hluar em em mai bakah, khawpui ṭawp tak a ni ṭhin bawk. Lee Kuan Yee-a leh hruaitu dang, hmathlir nei ṭha tak takte kaihhruaina hnuaiah chuan mi thiam tak takte ṭangrualin Singapore-ah chuan kawng hrang hrangin hma an la ta tak tak a. Lee Kuan Yew-a hi a huaisen a, nasa takin a bei a, a thawkrim a, a taima bawk a. Kum 1959 aṭanga 1990, kum 30 chhung hruaitu lu ber a'n han chelh meuh chuan Singapore chu ram hausa leh ram inawp mumal takah a siam a. PM ropui tak an neih avangin rei lo te chhungin khawvela ram hausa ber pawl, khawpui thianghlim ber zînga mi a ni thei a. Tûnah chuan khawvela khawpui changkang leh khualzinte tlawh nasat ber pawl a lo ni ta hial a ni.

Lee Kuan Yew-a chuan, "Ram hruaitute chu hetiang hian teh an ni ṭhin. Pakhatnaah chuan, an thuneihnate chu mipui tan a ṭha thei ang berin an hmang em tih te, pahnihnaah chuan, anmahni thlaktu sorkar tana chhunzawm loh theih loha thil ṭha, mipui tana hlawk leh ṭha an siam leh siam loh hmanga teh a ni. Pathumnaah chuan, ṭha taka an dinhmun chelh lai kalsanin, anmahni thlaktu turte hnenah rorelna chahbi lawm takin an hlan chhawng em tihte hmanga teh a ni," a ti.

Kum 2014-a Delhi Assembly inthlana Arvind Kejriwal-a kaihhruai Aam Admi Party (AAP)-in hneh taka a chan hnua Chief Minister tura Arvind Kejriwal lak luh a nih hnu khan Central-a rorel lai BJP chuan Delhi Lieutenant Governor Najeeb Jung chu hmang ṭangkaiin, Kejriwal-a sorkar hmalakna tam tak a dodâl a. Kejriwal-a'n inthlan campaign laia a tlangaupui nasat ber, eiruk dona tur dân siam rawtna, Jan Lokpal Bill chu Delhi Assembly-ah a pharh nghal a, mahse, Lt. Governor pawmpuina lak a nih dawnin Lt. Governor chuan Law Ministry (Central sorkar)-ah a thawn tak daih avangin he Bill hi dân puitlinga siam theih a ni ta lo. Chuvang chuan Arwind Kejriwal chu Chief Minister a nihna aṭangin a bâng hial a ni. Delhi chu President's Rule hnuaiah dah a ni a, hun rei lo te hnuah inthlan ṭhat leh niin, Arwind Kejriwal-a kahhruai AAP chuan seat 70-ah seat 67 a la a, a hma aia hneh zawkin sorkarna a siam nawn leh ngat a ni.

Kejriwal vêk hian, "Kan hnathawhah min en u la, thawk ṭha loa min hriat chuan min vote suh u," a ti hmiah ngam tlat bik a. Hetiang hruaitu, mahni inring tawk leh zâm eih lo, an hnathawh aṭanga vote tura duh thlang tura ti ngam hi mipui tan pawh vote loh theih loh tluka vote châkawm tak tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, hruaitu tam tak erawh, "Mipuite hminga mahni dinhmun tihchangkan tumin, an phuahchawp zawlaidi hmangin, awlê mittui nen mipui vehthlêm dan zawngin an phili a; nulat tlangval inhêl lai angin, ‘Keipui zia thup, zia thup’ tiin an sa seh turte chu an veh ṭhin a ni," (L. Keivom, 57), tia kan mi thiam chhuanawm fam ta L. Keivoma'n a lo sawi ang deuh hian, inthlan hma leh inthlan hnua an awm dan inpersan lutuk hi chu lêm ang derna dik tak a ni. Entirna pahnih ka'n han pêk, Lee Kuan Yew leh Kejriwal te ang zia hi kan ram hruaitute'n ram hmangaih tak takna zâwn aṭangin han nei thei se la chuan kan ram pawh hian ram dang kan sawi kan sawi bikin a rinawm loh.

Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet Union General Secretary (1991-1985) khan a hun lai khan economic leh political-a an harsatna hre rengin, an harsatna chingfel tur leh chhan chhuak turin reformation neih a tum a. A reformation-ah hian 'Glasnost' leh 'Perestroika' a tih hmangin hmalak a ni. Glasnost tih chu 'inhawnna' (openness) tihna a ni a; hei hian communist sorkar chu langtlang tur leh democracy kawng a zawh ve theihna tur a ni. 'Perestroika' tih chu 'siam ṭhat lehna' (restructuring) tihna a ni a, market economy (mimal zalenna zau tak leh sorkar thu hnuai ni lo va sumdawn theihna) an tih hmangin an economic chu siam ṭhat a tum a. Amaherawhchu, chu thil chu an communist kalphung (socialist) nen a inkalh tlat avangin communist hruaitu tam tak chuan an do tlat thung. Chu chuan an pawl chhungah innghirnghona leh inep tawnna kum 1991 khan a neihtir a; Soviet Union keh darh chhan lian tak pakhat a lo nih phah ta a ni.

He reformation hian ram mipuiteah zalên taka duh ang sawi chhuah theihna (right to freedom of speech), ei leh bar zawnna kawnga thiangzauna (economic expansion) a neihtir a; Europe chhak lam ramte’n Soviet Union leh an sorkar lamah ngei pawh lungawi lohna vanga dodalna a thlentir hial a ni. Kum 2022-a kum 92 mi nia a boral khan UN General Secretary, Antonio Guterres chuan Gorbachev chu khawvel chanchin thlâk danglamtu, khawvel ram hruaitu entawn tlak, ram hrang hrang thawhhona tura theihtawp chhuahtu leh remna palai ropui tak a nih thu a sawi nghe nghe.

"Chhungkaw policy leh politiks-ah chuan pa chuan lal ber nih a duh vanga chhungkaw politiks khel a ni hauh lo. A fateho kha an rethei tur a ni lo, tih hi a tum ber a ni. Chutiang bawkin khaw chhungah emaw, ram chhungah emaw kan hotu khan lal ber nih a duh vang ni hauh loin a ram tana ṭha ber a duh avangin thuneihna kha a chang a ni ve chauh tur a ni.” (R. Vanlawma, 153). Hei hi kan ram hruaitute hian hre nawn mawlh mawlh se la; hetiang mi hi kan mamawh a, hetiang hi a ni keini mi mâwl ber pawhin roreltu ṭha kan tih ve chu ni.

Roreltu ṭha chuan mipui mimir ni tin mamawh leh ṭul zualpui a hre chiang a, a ram mipute mamawh khawp châkkhai a ngaihtuahsak thei tur a ni–ei leh bara intodelh, kawng ṭha, tui hnianghnar, êng (electric) hnianghnar, zirna ṭha leh changtlung, hriselna ṭha nei tura inenkawlna ṭha neih. Heng bakah hian Central suma innghat hlâwm tawp lo va, ram leilung hausakna leh thar chhuah theihte hmang ṭangkaiin GSDP a ṭhan theih nan theihtawpin hma a la tur a ni.

Hêng bakah hian leiba phurrit sang lutuk tur laka inven dan a thiam a ṭul a. Leiba nei lo tawpin a awm tak tak theih loh rualin, ram himna leh hma sawnna atan chuan lei bat dan ṭha leh mumal, ruahmanna fel fai tak ramin a neih a ṭul. Bâ kan neih belh dawn a nih pawhin ram mamawh dan azira kan ṭhatpui theih dan tur ber ngaihtuah chunga bat thiam tur a ni a, rulh dan tur ruahmanna mumal tak kan neih a ṭul hle bawk. Chutianga mumal taka kan ti thei lo a nih chuan a lehpeka sorkarna chang tan a lu haithlak duh a, tax a sân phah a, bill a pung thur thur a, mipuite’n kan tuar. Sorkar lahin ba rulh dan ngaihtuah reng rengin a hmanhlel ang a, development a chak tak tak thei ṭhin lo a ni.

Roreltu ṭha chuan sum leh pai hman dan tur kal phung mumal tak neiin, fimkhur takin a kalpui tur a ni. Finance department hi department zawng zawnga pawimawh ber leh department dang khaikhawmtua ngaih a ni a; chuvangin, roreltu ṭha chuan Finance department hi chang se, sum enkawl kawngah tih dan ṭha leh fel fai ngai pawimawh bawk se la. Sum lak luh theih dan tur leh lak luh theih chin hre chiang chungin ruahmanna lak tlak tak a siam a ngai a, ṭul lo taka sum hmanna a tihtlem a ṭul bawk. Chutih rual erawh chuan, mipui laka a nih tur ai tama sum tuk ṭhin hi a dik lo va, mipui zah lohna lian tak a ni. Chuvangin, roreltu ṭha chuan Finance department hi a ngai pawimawh ang a, a ṭhat theih dan ber turin ngaihtuahna a sêng thiam tur a ni.

Eng emaw function leh kût nikhuaa a lam hawi sawi aia party policy, an work construction chhetê sawi chhuahna leh campaign-na 'platform' emaw kan ti leh ṭhin hi sim a hun tawh viau a ni. Thil hi a nih dan tur ang takin ti mai ṭhin ila a fel duak ni mai tur. Pasalṭha Thawmvunga'n, "Sawi aiin tih ka thlang e, buan hmaa kherh zawng a mipa hna lo ve," a tih theihna ang rilru hi roreltu ṭha chuan pu se a duhawm hle mai. Mahni thil ṭha tih sawi zuah zuah mi leh mahni infak chawp hial ngai khawp a mi ṭenghneng a ni tur a ni lo va, ‘Mahni infak leh sakhi ngalah engmah a bet lo’ tih hi roreltu ṭha chuan a vawng reng tur a ni.

Roreltu ṭha chuan mimal nun a hneh thei a, khawtlâng a tiharh thei a, ram a siam ṭha thei a, hmasawnna rahbi a kaipui theihzia leh kan ram, democracy ramah pawh roreltu ṭha pakhat lek pawhin 'opposition member' a nih lai kher chauh ni lo va, thil ṭha tih a duh phawt chuan tam tak a tih theihzia leh kawngro a sut theihzia kan hre ṭheuh âwm e.

A chunga kan han sawi tâkte khi a zawng a zâa zawm a, tihpuitlin vek theih thlip thlep a ni dawn lo tih chu thil chiang sa a ni. Chuti chungin, tam takah puitlin thei tura ṭan kan lâk a, dikna leh rinawmna, taimakna leh ram hmangaihna tak tak nen ram hruaitute’n roreltu ṭha zia put duhna tak tak an neih phawt chuan kan ram hian hma kan sawn zual ngeiin a rinawm. Chu chu a ni lawm ni ram changkang kan tehna pakhat chu?

Reference:

Lalduhthlana. 'Indian Polity and Governance'. 2020

Vanlalrochana, F. 'Thingserh -II'. 2023

Keivom, L. 'Zoram Khawvel -1'. 1994

Vanlawma, R. 'Khawvel lehlam’

https://www.drishtiias.com Mikhail Gorbachev and Cold War

Madhu Rajput, Prof. 'DISINTEGRATION OF THE USSR'. Deptt. Of Western History, University of Lucknow

September 19, 2015 'Zalen news'

- Zonunkima, 6th semester, Department of Political Science, Government Aizawl West College