Engtin nge ram a lo changkan?

‘Economic Growth’ kan tihfo hi thil ropui leh khirhkhan a ni hranpa tehchiam lo va. Chhungkua, veng, ram reng reng hian siam chhuah, deh chhuah, tih chhuah a neih tam poh leh sum lak luh a lo pung a. Chhungkaw hausa, ram hausa ni tur chuan thawk chhuaktu an tam a ngai. Ei tur, in tur, thuamhnaw, thingpui dawr, lumêt, doctor, driver, motor siamtu, contractor, zirtirtu, sumdawng adt. an tam poh leh thawk chhuaktu an pung tihna a ni a; thawk chhuaktu an tam chuan ‘productivity’ a sang a, ram a lo ṭhang ṭhin a ni.

Thlai chingtuin thartuin thlai a thar a; ei tur siamtuin lo leisakin, ei tur a siam chu mi dangin an lei a. Ei tur siamtu chuan a thil hralhna pawisa chuan kawr mawi a lei ve thung. Kawr mawi hralhtu chuan a dawr kal nan taxi hire a ngai a, taxi driver chuan petrol a lei a ngai ve thung. Petrol zuartu chuan oil company aṭangin petrol a la chhawng a, oil company chuan oil lai chhuak turin engineer a ruai a, khawl lian pui pui a hmang a, labour tam tak a mamawh a ni. Oil lo sâwngbawltu a ngai leh a, hnathawktu chuan a hriselna enkawl turin doctor a mamawh. Tute emaw an an intibuai a, lawyer a ruai ve leh ṭhin.

Heng thil kal kual vel hi mamawhtu leh leitu an awm tih an hriat ṭheuh avangin anmahni zawn ṭheuhvah hna an thawk mai a. Chu chu zirmite chuan ‘demand and supply’ an ti mai. Chumi inher kual vel chu ‘economics’ chu a lo ni ta a. A inher kual tam poh leh hmasawnna a lo kal nasa mai a ni.

In satu chuan bawngtuthlawh leh suahdûr ringawt a hman chuan a hnathawh a sawt har hle. Bawngtuthlawh leh suahdur ringawt hmangtu chu eng anga zei leh chak pawh ni se, hna a sawt thei lo va, a hlawh tam thei lo. Mahse, mi pakhat chuan operator thiam nâl tak hmangin JCB (earth mover) a hmang a, hun rei lo te-ah awlsam takin kuta hna thawktu thawh let 100 lai pawh a thawk thei a ni. Mahse, khawl ṭha leh man to tak pawh awm se, khawl tuai virtu ṭha leh thiam (skilled operator) a awm si loh chuan khawl man to thlawn a ni dawn. Mahse, operator thiam takin JCB chu a hmang a, leivung chu tipper truck lianah a chhûng a, tipper truck chuan khawpui daifema tu ram ruakah emaw a va chhûng a. Leivung a chhûnna ram neitupa chuan remhre takin in a sa a, hotel a sa a, sum tam tak a hailut leh ta thung a. Chutianga hnathawh dan awmze nei leh mumal chu Scottish economist Adam Smith-a chuan ‘Division of Labour’ tiin a lo phuah a ni. Chutianga hnathawh tur insem zai thiamna leh kalphung siam thiam apiang he khawvelah hian an ding chhuak ṭhin.

Thil pawimawh tak chu, engtin nge hna thawktu chuan hlâwkna a hmuh a, sumpai vir vel chu mumal taka a kal kual tih lai hi a ni. Chutianga awmze mumal leh fel taka eizawnna hrang hrang che vel chu economist-te chuan ‘institutions’ an ti a. Chu chuan hnathawktu sum lak luh te, sumdawnna neitu nihna thu te, market inzawm dan te, kudam leh phurh kualna (logistics) te, sumdawng leh sumdawng inremna thu te, tihsual tuartu an awm loh nana dan leh hrai hung biktu mumal a awm leh awm lohte chuan a chunga kan sawi zawng zawng hi a phuar khawm vek a. Chu ‘institution’ chu a mumal phawt chuan ram sum leh pai, ei leh bar dinhmun a lo ṭha ta mai ṭhin a ni.

A nachang hre lo, ngaihtuahna hmang lo ram hnufual leh hnuaihnungah thung chuan in satu chuan a leivung paihna a hre lo ang a. Leivung phurtu chuan khawiah emaw a ruka paihna a zawng ang a, pollution a siam ang a, khawtlang huat a hlawh ang. Chuti ang ram hnufualah chuan loneitu, ranvulhtu, inhlawhfa, sumdawng tênau chuan mahni phuah chawp dan danin hma an la ve ang a, thawh phu lovin tangka a la lut tlem ang. A risk huai leh pawisak nei lote’n an la lut tam deuh ang a, mahse, a ngêlnghet chuang lo vang. Inkhualtelem a ni.

Eng ram mai pawh hi a tir aṭanga hausa thut an awm lo va; an inzir a, an insiam ṭha a, an lo changkang mai hlawm. A ṭhen chuan kum 10 an mamawh a, a ṭhen chuan kum 20 an mamawh. An rama khuanu dah malsawmna (resources) ṭhat dan azirin a danglam ṭhin. Hnathawktu chu hna thawh dan thiam tura zirtir an ngai a. Hnathawk thiam (skilled worker) an tam chuan ram hmasawnna hnuk (human capital) an lo ni ta ṭhin a ni. Chutiang ‘human capital’ chu thar chhuah, deh chhuah, tih chhuah tipung tura thuam chak an ngai a. Thuam chak tur chuan nichina kan sawi ‘institution’ tak kha awmze neia din leh duan a ngai ta a ni. Chu ‘institution’ siam tur chuan hmathlir neih a ngai a, kalphung tur duan a ngai a, ruahmanna (planning) ṭha siam a ngai ta ṭhin a nih chu.

Ram hrang hrangin hmasawnna bulṭhut hai chhuah nan agriculture hi an hmang deuh vek a; vanduaithlak takin agriculture hi tihhmasawn harsa ber a ni deuh zel. Khamkhawp leh zawrh khawp thar chhuak tur chuan irrigation a ngai a, fertilizer a ngai a, tractor leh khawl dang hmanga lo neih chu mechanize a ngai. Khawl thil leh hmanraw changkang man to hmang tur chuan ram ṭha leh zau, khawl ṭha chhawr manhla tur khawp hmunhma a lo ngai leh a. Mizoram ang siam zâwl chawp ngaiah phei hi chuan hralh tham, ram sum dinhmun siam ṭha dâwrh khawp thar chhuah a harsa khawp dawn a ni. Chuti a nih avang chuan kan intodelh lo vang tihna ni lovin, thil man man chi leh hralhna lama harsa lo thlai chìn erawh kan thiam a ngai tihna a ni.

Europe-ah te, America-ah te, India-ah te thleng pawhin agriculture sector lamah mipuiin hma an la hmasa ber a; agriculture hi eizawnna pui bera an neih hun lai zelah hmasawnna a muang zel. Agriculture aṭanga thil siam chhuah (manufacturing) lam bawha khawl thiltihtheihna hman ṭangkai lama tlan hnu-ah hmasawnna a zuang zel an ti. Europe-ah chuan Industrial Revolution a lo thlen hma khan hmasawnna a hnungtawlh a; Industrial Revolution lo thleng erawh chuan engkim a thlak danglam thung. Industry-a inhlawh tura an rawn tlanchhiatsan agriculture ram ruak tam tak chu industrial revolution khawl thiltihtheihna hmangin an enkawl let ta thung a. Productivity a lo lian thar leh a, agriculture leh manufacturing a kal kawp thei ta a; hmasawnna a zuang thei ta ṭhin a ni.

Factory a lo ṭhang lian a, mi hman tlak mamawhna a lo pung a. Manager, engineer, accountant, technician, marketing executive, financial expert, designer leh security thlengin mamawhna a lo sang ṭhin. Chutiang hna a tam poh leh sumpai vir vel a lo tam a; sumpai vir vel a lo tam poh leh chhiah a lut tam a, ram a lo changkang ta ṭhin a ni.

Khawvel huap economist ropui Raghuram G Rajan leh Rohit Lamba te chuan, ‘How do countries grow rich?’ tih article an ziak a. An ziak loh dan ang deuh zar zar hian Mizoram chu kan kal thung a nih awm hi maw!?

- Joseph L. Ralte