Refugee (Refiuzi)

Mizote benga refugee rik ṭanna hi chhui dik a harsa viau mai a. Kum 1971 kuma India leh Pakistan indo laia East Pakistan aṭanga Bengali ho a maktaduai têla rawn lutte kha a taka refugee kan hmuh hmasakte an ni hlawm hial awm e. Lungleiah pawh kan school-te an luah avangin rei fê chu school kan chawlh phah a ni. Vawiinah erawh chuan kan ni tin ṭawngkamah refugee hi a tel ti ila, kan tisual awm lo ve. A chhan chu Mizoram hian ram chhung leh ram pawn aṭanga raltlante kan lo buaipui ve tak vang a ni thei ang. Kum 2021-a Myanmar ram buai leh 2023-a Manipur buai hian min rawn nghawng phain, Bangladesh lam aṭang thlengin Mizoramah refugee singnga chuang kan mikhual ta reng mai a nih hi.

TUTE NGE REFUGEE CHU?

UNO-in a hrilhfiah dan chuan, mi tu pawh, an rama indona emaw, inpâwngnêkna emaw, tihduhdahna emaw tlansan tura ram danga himna zawngte hi an ni. Chung thil chu sakhua leh hnam emaw, politics emaw vanga lo awm thei a ni bawk.

UNO hrilhfiahna hi a kimchang lo deuhvin a lang. A chhan chu khuarel chhiatna hrang hrang, tuilian, khawkhêng, thlipui tleh leh tuilian leh thlipui thawk phut (tsunami) leh ṭâmpui mitthi avangte pawh hian ram danga inhumhimna zawn a ṭul thei. Chu bakah, sik leh sa inthlak (climate change) emaw, chenna hmun tihchhiatsak emaw avanga nawr chhuah leh hnawh darh vangin inhumhimna zawng an awm thei bawk. Heng hi environmental refugee emaw, climate refugee emaw an ti ṭhin (Global Governance Project). Hengho hi chu 'raltlan' han tih chiah a rem lo mai thei a, hming dang han vuahsak mai tur erawh a vâng viau.

Kan hriat lar ber erawh chu, ram chhung politics kalsualin mihring nunna leh bungraw chân buaih buaihna a thlen avanga inhumhimna zawnga mahni ram tlansan tate hi an ni. Chutiang mite chu political refugee te pawh kan ti thei ang. Vawiina Mizoramin a enkawl mekte hi chutianga raltlan, mahni in leh lo kalsana mahni ram pawna inhumhimna zawngte chu an ni ta a ni.

Raltlante dinhmun chu hetiang deuh hian kan sawi thei ang.

An nihna an hloh: Raltlante chuan an nunphung pangngai leh an khawtlang nun an han hloh phawt mai a. An tlanchhiatna ramah chuan hnam tlem zawk (minority) ni nghalin, tun hmaa an ram politics-a thuneihna an neih ṭhin leh vantlang nun leh eizawnna te kha engmah an nei tawh lo va. Mi rama tlanchhiain, anmahni lo lawm em em lotute khawngaihnaah an innghat ta tawp mai a ni. Khawvel thara zuang lut an nih avangin hlau leh ṭi dêka awm reng a ṭul a, an tlanchhiatna ramte lah chuan rinhlelh ena an lo en châng lah a tam bawk. An dinhmun hi a vanduaithlak hle a ni.

Politics lamah an tuar: Mi rama mikhual awma awm ta an nih avangin tun hmaa an lo neih ṭhin chanvo (political right) kha an nei tawh lo va (Right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of peaceful assembly and formation of association). Inthlanaah an ding thei lo va, vote an nei thei lo bawk. Kan sawi seng lo vang.

Khawtlang nun an hloh nasa: Khawtlanga an inphuar khawmna ṭhin pawl leh kohhran bik an nei thei tawh lo va, eizawnna mumal an nei thei lo. Tun hmaa khawtlanga an dinhmun ṭha tak takte kha a bo zo vek tawh a ni. Hnam dang leh ṭawng dang hmang an nih phei chuan an tlanchhiatna rama mite’n an thinhrikin an kâwm ngeih tak tak thei lo bawk a; an khawhar viau thei.

Hriselna leh zirna lamah an tlachhia: An tlanchhiatna lamah damdawia inenkawlna ṭha an hmu zo lo fo va; chu bakah, damdawia inenkawlna hautak tak tak nei turin sum lamah harsatna an nei fo va, hei hian an hriselna a tichhe ṭhin. Tui thianghlim in tur chenin thil harsa a lo ni mai thei ṭhin a. Zirna lam an chhunzawm thei lo va, zirlaite’n an tuar em em bawk.

Rilru lama harsatna an nei ṭhin: Raltlante hi hlau leh thlaphânga awm reng an nih avangin rilru lama harsatna (trauma) an nei nasa thei em em a. An chhungte’n an thihsan emaw, an bungraw hlu tak tak leh eizawnna an hloh khan an rilru a tihrehawm em em ṭhin a; beidawnna leh rilru hahna tam tak avangin an nun a pangngai lo fo.

AN CHÂN VEK BIK LO

Chutih lai chuan, raltlante hian chanvo (rights) an nei ve ṭeuh tho a, chu chu Human Rights of Refugees tih a ni a, Universal Human Rights dungzuia duan a niin a lang. Raltlante chuan hengte hi an chang thei. A tlanchhiatna rama himna (asylum), thawn kir theih lohna, ram mi nih theihna (nationality), ei leh bara enkawlnate a ni.

Heng bakah hian Geneva Refugee Convention, 1951 dungzuiin eizawnna siamsak, an nihna lehkha siamsak, an zin velna tur lehkha siamsak, an sum leh pai ram danga sawn theihna leh, a hmaa kan sawi an rama an duh lo chung thawn kir lohna dante a ni. Refugee-te enkawl tur hian UNO hnuaiah High Commissioner for Refugee a awm leh a, anni hian Geneva Convention dungzuiin raltlante chu sum leh thuamhnaw lama an enkawl bakah, an duhna rama kaltir dan an ngaihtuahpui ṭhin.

MIZORAMA RALTLANTE DINHMUN

Hei hi a pawimawh lai tak a ni awm e. A hmaa sawi tawh angin kum 2021 aṭang khan Mizoramah Myanmar aṭangin raltlan sang tam tak an rawn tleh lut a; Bangladesh ram aṭangin chuti bawk. Manipur aṭanga rawn raltlante hi chu mahni ram–India ram chhung thova raltlan an nih avangin kan sawi tel rih lo vang.

Chung raltlante chu kan chipui te, a ṭhente phei chu kan ṭhian leh lainate an nih avangin Mizote chuan kan han lainat nghal phawt mai a. Vantlang pawl hrang hrang leh kohhran thlengin anmahni tuamhlâwmna tur hma an la a. State sawrkar pawhin sawrkar laipui thurawn haiderin theihtawp chhuahin heng kan Mizopuite harsatna hi theihtawpa sutkian tumin sum leh pai a seng a ni. An chenna hmun tur Mizoram khaw hrang hranga saksakin, ei leh in tur, damdawi lam nen a buaipui a; naupang sikul kalna tur chenin duhsak takin sawrkar hian hma a la nih hi. Hei hi kan unaute an nih a vang mai ni lovin, Kristian ram kan nih avangin kan mawhphurhna a ni hrim hrimah kan ngai a, hnam dang pawh ni se kan ti tho vang, ti ila a dik thei mai awm e.

India ram hi Geneva Convention, 1951 leh a hnua din Protocol 1967-ah hian a tel ve loh avangin refugee-te kawl hi kan ram dan chuan a phal lo va, hnawt kir leh zel tur kan ni. Manipur chuan an hnawt kir zel a, dan bawhchhia an ni lo. Mahse, keini Mizoram chuan luhlul kan chhuah a, kan unau, kan ṭawng hmanpuite ngei chu nawr kir kan duh lo va, kan theihtawkin kan tuamhlâwm ta zawk a. India sawrkar pawh hian ngaiah min neih ta emaw tih turin min rawn nawr lui zui lem lo niin a lang.

FIMKHURNA TUR KAN NGAH VIAU MAI THEI

Vawiina kan raltlan kawlte hi kan hnampuite ni mah se, khawvel danah chuan ram dang mi, Burma leh Bangladesh khua leh tui an ni. India khua leh tui an ni lo va, raltlan, mikhual leh Mizoramin a enkawl dan ang zela kal tur an ni tih hriat reng a ṭha khawp ang. A hmaa refugee-te dinhmun tur kan sawi tawh ang khian, heng raltlante hian an raltlanna Mizoramah hian Mizoram mi leh India khua leh tuite’n chanvo (rights) hi pakhat mah an hmang thei tur a ni lo. Vote an nei thei lo va, inthlan an chuh thei lo va, ration card leh card dang reng reng an siam thei lo vang. A ṭul chuan sawrkarin anmahni mimal chhinchhiah nan identity card chu a siamsak thei ang.

Kan mi leh sa te, ṭawng thuhmun hmang leh hmang chiah lo pawh inbe tawn thei vek kan ni hi a lawmawm rualin, Mizoram mite nena kan inchen pawlh lutuk a hlauhawm thei. Chu chu kan inven loh chuan in leh lo thu-ah te, sumdawnna leh eizawnna kawng dang thu-ahte leh kohhran thlengin kan inchawhpawlh lutuk ang a, kan la buaipui leh êrh ang tih a hlauhawm thei a ni. Raltlan an nih anga theih ang anga duat leh enkawl bak chu kan khawtlang nuna lak luh lutuk loh a him ber ang, i ti mai ang.

Heta vênthâwn ngai em em leh pakhat chu, politics tenawm tak khelin tute’n emaw voter ID leh card dang–Aadhaar card leh ration card-te an lo siamsak ang tih hi a ni. Chakma leh Tuikuk chungchangah tawnhriat duhawm lem lo tak kan neih tawh kha.

A tawp berah chuan, raltlante pawh hian raltlan an ni tih hriain Mizoram leh mipuiin (sawrkar laipui thu kalh hiala) kan enkawlnaah hian lawm thiam se la. A hnawksak leh enkawl hrehawm zawnga khawsa lovin, hawihhâwm taka an awm kan duh a. Mizoram leh a mipuite tana thil ṭha lo lak luh emaw, tualchhunga chet dan mawi lo emaw ching lo se la. Sum an neih viau pawhin inthup rih se la. Anmahni zilhna leh awm dan tur kawhhmuhtute pawh dawnsawn dan thiamin ngawih chuh bawk se la. Tichuan, keini pawhin anni hi a chan chhe zawk leh baihvai zawk an nih rih chhung chuan unau leh hnampui anga duhsakna nena enkawl zui zel pawh kan inhuamin kan tum ngei ang. 

- P.C. Lawmkunga