Mizoramah RPwD Act a hlawhtling em?

United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities-in rualbanlote tana dan a siam zûlzuiin Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 hi India ramah duan a ni a, he dan hian Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 (PwD Act, 1995) a thlâk a ni. He dan hi India ramah chuan 19.04.2017 aṭangin kan hmang a, state sawrkar tinin an state ṭheuha chak tak leh awmze nei taka hma la turin central sawrkarin state tin a hriattir zui a ni.

PwD Act, 1995 khan rualban lohna hi chi sarih (7) awm angin a tarlang a, RPwD Act, 2016 erawh chuan chi sawmhnih pakhat lai (21) a rawn tarlang ve ta thung. Chungte chu – blindness, low-vision, leprosy-cured person, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, dwarfism, intellectual disability, mental illness, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, chronic neurological condition, specific learning disability, multiple sclerosis, speech and learning disability, thalassemia, hemophilia, multiple disability, sickle cell disease, acid attack victim leh Parkinson’s disease te a ni. RPwD Act, 2016 danah hian chapter sawmpasarih (17) leh section za leh pahnih (102) a awm.

Rualban lohna tih hi sap ṭawnga disability tih nen hian a inang a; rualban lohna tih hian awmze hrang hrang a nei niin Altman (2014) chuan a sawi. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) chuan kum 2006 khan rualban lohna hi thumal ṭhang lai a ni a, a hrilhfiahna chu kum lo la kal leh zel tura fiah telh telh tur niin a sawi a ni. World Health Organization (WHO) pawhin kum 2011 khan rualban lohna hi chiang taka sawifiah a har thu a sawi a; a chhan chu a awmzia tak hian a huap zau em avang leh a awmzia bulfûk takah hian mi hrang hrang ngaihdan a inan loh ṭhin vang a ni.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) chuan ‘Mihringin a taksaah emaw, rilruah emaw mi dang phak lohna leh kim lohna a neihin mi dang zinga tel vete leh mi dang tih theih ang tih ve theih loh hunte an tawng ṭhin a, chu chu rualban lohna chu a ni,’ tiin rualban lohna hi a lo hrilhfiah a. RPwD Act, 2016 hnuaiah hian rualban lohnain harsatna hrang hrang a ken telte sutkiana a awm theih nan zau takin kawng a inhawng. Mizoramah chuan Office of the State Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities, Government of Mizoram chuan he dan hi Mizorama a hlawhtlin theih nan chak takin hma a la tawh a, a la mek zel bawk.

RPwD Act, 2016 hnuaia chapter leh section zawng zawng hi tarlan sên a ni lo ang a, ṭhenkhat hi lo tarlang ila. RPwD Act, 2016 Section 3(1)-in a tarlan dan chuan ‘Sawrkar hian rualbanlote’n an dikna chanvo an neih theih nan te, intluktlanna leh zahawmnate mi dangte anga an hman theihna turin hma an la tur a ni,’ tiin a tarlang.

Section 16(1) chuan ‘Sawrkar leh veng chhung thuneitute’n an veng chhunga sawrkar ta leh sawrkar hriatpuia zirna in awm zawng zawngte chuan mi tin huapzo zâwngin an kalpui theih nan a hnuaia kan tarlan ang hian an tihtir tur a ni:

‘(i) enhranna awm lovin mi tu pawh admission an pe tur a ni a, infiamna leh activity zawng zawngah an telh vek tur a ni.

(ii) building, campus leh thil dang reng reng mi tin hman theih a ni tur a ni,’ tiin.

Heng ho bik chiah hi a hlawhtling em, tih en ho ila.

Kum 3 chhung Mizoram University hnuaiah research tiin hun ka hmang a, ka research-ah hian Mizorama rualbanlo hmeichhia 163 lai mai zir chiang leh kâwmin hun ka hmang a. Heta ṭanga ka hmuh chhuah chu, RPwD Act, 2016 Section 3(1)-in rualbanlote tana intluktlanna a awm theih nan sawrkarin hma a la tur a ni tih hi chu a la hlawhtling chiah lo deuh niin a lang. A chhan chu, rualbanlo hmeichhia 163 aṭanga mi 132 (81%) lai maiin an ni tin nunah rualban lohna nei ve lote nen intluktlanna an la neih loh thu an sawi. 23 (14.1%) chiahin intluktlanna a awm thu leh anmahni pawhin mi dangte nen an intluktlanga an hriat thu an sawi a; mi 8 (4.9%)-te erawh chuan intluktlanna a awm leh awm loh an hriat lêm loh thu an sawi bawk.

‘Tun dinhmunah chuan intluktlanna hi a awm lo khawp mai. Zirnate hi kan ban phakah a la awm ve lo a, training theih kan nei tam bawk si lo nen. Tin, hriselna chungchangah te, kohhran leh khawtlanga chanvo chelh chungchangah pawh rualbanlote hi a hnufual zawkah kan la ṭang zel a. Intluktlanna hi chu kan la hlat deuh.’–Hmingthup, kum 21, cerebral palsy.

Intluktlanna an neih lohna hmun nia an sawi tlangpuite chu–zirna thu-ah te, ei leh bar zawn kawngah te, vocational training center chungchangahte leh damdawi-in inenkawlna chungchangahte a ni a. Heng intluktlan lohna an tawhna hmun kan tarlan bakah hian kawng hrang hrang leh hmun hrang hrangah intluktlan lohna an la tawk nasa hle bawk.

Zirna chungchangah hian RPwD Act, 2016 chuan dan mumal leh fel tak a duang a. Sawrkar sikul leh sawrkar hriatpui sikulte chuan rualbanlote leh mi tin huapin zirna leh an sikul an kalpui tur a ni, tiin a sawi a. Amaherawhchu, rualbanlo hmeichhia mi 163 zinga mi 113 (69.3%) laiin rualbanlote tan zirna a la chhiat thu leh a la ṭhat loh lutuk thu uar takin an sawi a, mi 16 (9.8%)-in zirna a la ṭha lo niin an sawi. Mi 10 (6.1%)-in ngaihdan an neih lêm loh thu an sawi a, mi 15 (9.2%)-in rualbanlote tan zirna a ṭhat thu an sawi a, mi 9 (5.5%) chauhin an tan zirna a ṭhat lutuk thu an sawi a ni.

‘Kei hi bengngawng ka ni a, class 8 thleng Ephatha Special School-ah ka lut ṭhin a, lehkhazir hi a nuam ka ti a. Picture book-te hi ka chhiar reng peih a, thil zir mi tak niin ka inhria. Chutihrual chuan, kan hun lai khan Mizoramah bengngawng tan high sikul zir zawmna tur a awm si lo va, Mizoram sikul pangngai hoah lah hian special teacher an awm mang bawk si lo nen, hreh tak chungin zirna ka chawlhsan rih a ngai a, ka mittui titla hnemtu ber a ni! Matric pass hi chu ka la tum ruh hle a, mahse, tunah erawh kan dinhmunin a la zir rih bawk si lo va, hun remchang ka neih velah lehkha ka zir zawm leh ang.’–Hmingthup, kum 27, hearing impairment.

Rualbanlote tana zirna la ṭhat loh chhan nia ka hmuh chhuah tlangpui chu–special school hi a la tam lo va, special school ni lo ho pawh hi rualbanlote tana awlsam taka tlawhpawh zung zung an la har. Tin, sikul tam zawk hian special teacher hran an nei lem lo va, hei vang hian rualbanlote tan chuan sikul kala lehkha zir an la harsat phah a ni. Sikul building-te mi zawng zawng tana awlsam taka tlawhpawh theiha siam a nih hunah leh special teacher sikul tinin an neih theih chuan rualbanlote tan hian zirna a awlsam phah deuh ang a, lehkhathiam pawh tun ai hian an tam lehzual dawn a ni. Hearing impairment tan bik hian matric hnua an zir zawm zel theihna turte hi thuneitute’n an ngaihtuah theih chuan hma an sawn nasa lehzual hle bawk ang.

Lehkhazir leh intluktlanna ṭha neih hi rualbanlote tana pawimawh langsar zual hmasa a ni a, RPwD Act, 2016 pawh hian a ngai pawimawh. Amaherawhchu, ka research aṭanga ka hmuhchhuah chu–zirna leh intluktlanna bikah chuan he Act hi a la hlawhtling rih lo va, hmasawnna tur kan la ngahzia a lang chiang a ni. Zirna ṭha leh intluktlanna ṭha neih hi rualban lohnain a ken tel ‘daidanna bang’ tam tak ṭhiat theitu a ni a, chuvangin, he Act-in a duan ang ngei hian rualbanlote’n zirna leh intluktlanna ṭha a neih theih nan sawrkar leh thuneitute’n hma an lak zel a pawimawh em em. Mipui pawhin kan theihna zâwna kan ṭawiawm tlat a pawimawh hle a ni.

- Lawmsangpuia Ralte, Mizoram University