Rualban lohna – Theory tarmit aṭangin

Rualban lohna hriatthiam lehzual nan mithiam zawkte chuan theory hrang hrang an lo duang a, theory hrang hrang zinga a langsar zual tak tak chauh kan thlûr dawn a ni. Chungte chu: ‘The moral and religious model of disability, the medical model of disability’ leh ‘The social model of disability’ te a ni.

The moral and religious model of disability

He theory hi rualban lohna lo pian chhuah dan sawina theory-ah chuan a upa ber pawl niin a hriat a. Rei tawh viau mah se vawiin thlengin hmun tam takah a la hman theih tlat si. He theory hian rualban lohna hi Pathian hremna angin a sawi a; miin a dam laia Pathian thu a awih loh emaw, Pathian thu a bawhchhiat chuan amah emaw a thlahte thleng pawhin rualban lohna an neih phah ṭhin niin a sawi. Khawtlâng duh loh zawnga khawsak emaw, vantlang pawi khawih zawnga kan khawsak hian kan damlai ngeiin emaw, kan thlahte thleng pawhin rualbanlo leh ramtuileiloin kan awm phah thei niin a sawi bawk. Eng thil sual kan tih berin nge rualban lohna kan chungah a thlen tih a sawi chiang lo va, amaherawhchu, rualban lohna chu thil sual eng emaw tak tih aṭanga lo awm niin a sawi thung. Rualban lohna hi chu sakhuana huang aṭanga inṭan niin a sawi a, a thlentu leh a tidamtu pawh Pathian engkimtithei niin a sawi bawk.

Tunlaiah chuan mi tam zawkin he theory hi chu kan ‘amen’ kher tawh awm lo ve. Rualban lohna hi Pathian ânchhia anga a sawi avang hian mithiam zawkte leh theologian tam zawk phei chuan an pawm lo bur tawh a ni. Tin, he theory aia rintlâk zawk leh science lam belhchhan ṭha tak nei zawk ‘The medical model of disability’ a lo pian tak avang hian he ‘Moral and religious model of disability’ hi chuan tunlai khawvelah chuan ngaih pawimawh leh râwn a hlawh lutuk tawh lêm lo.

The medical model of disability

A hmaa theory kan sawi tak kha duhkhawp lotu leh hnualsuattu an tam avangin ‘The medical model of disability’ hi mi tam zawkin an ring deuh ta chawt a. He theory hian rualban lohna chu mihring taksa leh rilrua dik lo leh a nih tur ang a nih loh avanga lo awm niin a sawi. Rualban lohna hian hun rei tak a daih a, a tam zawkah phei chuan dam chhung a daih a; chuvangin, tihdam leh enkawlna atan damdawi ṭha leh medical mi leh sa a mamawh reng tawh a ni, tiin a sawi.

Hmanlai aṭang tawhin mihringte hian kan taksa nâ leh damlo laite tidam turin damdawi kan lo zawng fo ṭhin. He theory hnuaiah pawh hian mithiamte leh damdawi lama thiamna sang zawk neite chuan rualban lohna hi ‘dam lohna chi khat’ angah ngaiin, a tihdamna zawngin an hmanhlel hle a ni. Rualban lohna hi mihring taksa insiam dik tâwk loh avang niin a sawi bawk a. Rualban lohna chu mimalah a inṭana mimalah a tawp leh angah ngaiin, a tihdamna tur damdawi leh enkawlna ṭha zawk zawn chu a ṭha ber a ni, tih chu he theory innghahna a ni.

Amaherawhchu, hun leh nite a lo ral zel a, he theory ngei pawh hian duhkhawp lotu a ngah chho ve ta zel a. Rualban lohna hi a tuartu pianhmang leh rilru kim tawk loh vanga awm ringawt a ni bik lo, tiin mi tam takin ngaihdan an rawn nei ta. Tichuan, ‘The social model of disability’ theory hi a lo piang leh ta a ni.

The social model of disability

He theory hi chuan rualban lohna hi mimal taksa leh rilru a harsatna leh hnufualna awm avang ni lovin, khawtlangin harsatna a siamsak avanga awm niin a rawn sawi ve leh thung. Rualbanlote hi khawtlangah an tel ve theihna tur siamsak an nih loh a, an hmasawn ve theihna tur kawng sialsak an nih lohte leh, an chanvo an dawn tur ngei ngei an dawn loh avangin rualban lohna an tâwk niin a sawi a. He theory hi tunlaiah chuan mi tam zawkin an pawm thlap a, sawiselna eng emaw chu tawk ve deuh tho mah se, mi nawlpui pawmpui a nih avang hian theory hrang hrang zingah rin leh râwn hlawh pawl tak a ni.

He theory hrilhfiahna hnuaiah hian impairment kan tih mai, taksa leh rilrua pianken fuh loh leh tawhsual tawh vanga harsatna tawk rualbanlote hi khawtlangin harsatna dang a siamsak belhchhah leh hian rualban lohna a thlen niin a sawi. A awmzia hrilhfiahna atan mahni lo inhmang ta ila. Ka pian tirhin ka mit a del a, ka mit a del avangin rualban lohna nei ve lote tih theih ang leh thiam zâwng tam tak ka ti ve thei lo a. Chutihrual chuan, anni tih theih loh tam tak ka ti thei thung si a, harsatna lian tham lutuk tâwk tur pawh ka ni lo. Mahse, biak inah te, khawtlang thil tihnaahte leh ni tina ka veivahnaah mitdelte tana thil tih awlsamna engmah siamsak ka nih loh chiah hian ka nunah rualban lohna a rawn thlen ta a. Mitdel kal theihna sikul awm lo ta se, mitdelte tana veivah harsa zawng hlirin kawngpui leh in chhungte hi siam ni ta bawk se, ka nih tur ang ka nih loh phah ang a, ka thlen tur ang ka thlen loh phah ngei bawk ang. Chu chuan ka nunah nasa takin rualban lohna a thlen dawn ta chiah reng a ni. Chu chu he theory-in a sawi tum chiah chu a ni. Rualban lohna sukiang turin mi tin kan pawimawh thu leh dan mumal taka siam tulzia pawh he theory hian a sawi tel bawk.

Thil engkim hian ṭhatna lai leh ṭhat lohna lai a nei a, chutiang bawkin he theory pawh hian sawiseltu neuh neuh a nei ve tho. He theory hian ramtuileilo leh rualbanlote chu tute nge ni tih chiang takin a sawi lo va. Chu mai bakah, rualban lohna hi mihringte siam chawp mai niin a sawi bawk a, chu chu mi tam takin an sawiselna a ni. Rualban lohna chu mimal rilru leh taksa fel loh avanga awm ni lovin, vantlâng leh khawtlângin a siam chawp a nih thu he theory hian a sawi.

Heng theory pathumte hian rualban lohna awm chhan chiang takin an sawifiah tho avang hian theory dang kan thlûr tel lo law law a. Heng aṭanga chiang taka lang chu – rualban lohna hi mimal duhthlanna avanga awm a ni lo va, duh vang rênga rualbanlo tumah an awm lo. Chuvangin, rualbanlote hi kawng tinrenga an hmasâwnna tur zawnpui leh dâwmkan an ngaihna kawnga ṭanpui hi mi tin tihmakmawh a ni.

- Dr. Lawmsangpuia Ralte