Khawvel politics-a inlumlet kara India dinhmun

Khawvel ram inrelbawl dan (international politics) en hian India ram hi tun hma kum 78 liam (1947) nena khaikhin chuan ram hmasawn leh thil ti thei tak kan ni ve ta reng mai. Hetiang dinhmuna kan din theihna tur hian kan ram hruaitu hmasate’n nasa takin ṭan an lo la a, hetiang dinhmun hi kan thleng thei ta a ni. Tunlaia India ramin khawvel politics lumlet vela a dinhmun hi inbihchiang dawn teh ang.

Tun hma lam India dinhmun

Tun hma lam chuan India hi Kumpinu-in min awp avang khan ram hausa leh thil ti thei tak a ni lem lo. Hun rei tak zalenna kan sual hnuin kum 1947-ah zalenna kan nei a. Hetih lai hian khawvel politics chu hmun hnihah a inṭhen phawk a. US leh a ṭhuihruai, democracy sorkar (capitalist an tih bawkte) âwn lam kha ‘khawtlang ram’ (western bloc) an ti a; chumi ep chiah chuan ‘khawchhak ram’ communist sorkar âwn lam (eastern bloc) te kha an awm bawk. Khawtlang leh khawchhak lam inepna (Cold War) nasat chhoh hun lai tak a ni. Khatih hun lai khan India hian khawchhak emaw khawtlang emaw âwn lova awm a tum a. Ram ṭhang lai an tih, ram rethei zawkte nen khawvel pathumna (third world) dinin khatih hun laia pawl lian tak Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) an din a nih kha.

A dik tak chuan khatih hun lai khan India hian ṭhian a thlang fuh tawk lo deuh em aw tih tur a ni. Heng Africa, Asia leh South America rama awmte hi an tam viau nâin, ram hausa lo tê tê an ni hlawm a. Ram indin thar leh zalen tharte an nih avangin ei leh bar (economy) lamah inṭanpui leh chuang tur an awm loh avangin an mahni ngawtin an inawm thlei zo meuh lo. Khawthlang emaw, khawchhak emaw aṭanga ṭanpuina an mamawh lo thei lo va, an pawl din thar (NAM) pawh chu a chak tak tak thei lo. India ngei pawh USSR lam âwnin a pêng ve lo thei ta lo a ni. Tin, ei leh bar kawngah pawh ‘Socialism’ an tih mai kha kan buaipui a, hma kan sawn chak viau thei lo. Retheih a kai rual a, ram dang nen inṭhian ṭhat kawngah pawh kan thâwm a ring lo va; USSR tih loh chu ṭhian ṭha tak pawh kan nei viau lo te pawh ti ila a dik mai awm e.

India hun inher danglam hun

India ram history han en hian kum 1991 chho kha India hun inher danglam hun pawimawh tak anga sawi theih a ni. Sum leh pai, ei leh bar zawn kawngah inhawn zauna (liberalize economy), ram inawpna kawngah panchayati raj leh municipal lam Danpui (Constitution)-a dah luh hun a lo ni a. Ram dang nen an inṭhian ṭhatnaah pawh India insingsak thar hun, India hian khawchhak lam hawi (Look East Policy) leh khawtlang ram lam nen inkungaihna ṭha zawk a neih chhohna hun a ni. Tun hma lama India-in ram ṭhang lai leh rethei zawkte lam hlir a hawi ṭhin kha Cold War ber a tawp a, NAM hlutna a tlahniam ta bawk nen, châng dang kân zai a rel a. Kum 1990 chhoah chuan a ei leh bar dinhmun ziaawm chho ta bawk nen ram dangte nen pawh inzawmna ṭha zawk an nei chho ta a ni. He hun inthlak danglam hun lai hi India ramah lâr hluai angin hre lo mah ila, India ram tan chuan hun chhinchhiah tlak tak a ni ka ti lo thei lo ang.

He hun inthlak danglam chhoah hian nuclear ralthuamte enchhin a ni chho a, khawvelin India min hmuh dan a nêp thei lo. Ralthuam chauh ni lovin, ei leh bar, sum leh pai dinhmun ziaawm chhoh avangin ram dang nen inkungkaihna ṭha zawk neih zel a ni. Tun hma lam India be ṭha duh lo ramte pawhin India chu ram ṭhangduang takah ngaiin inkungkaihna ṭha tak an siampui chho ta zel a. Khawii lamah pawh India hawina lam chu a kaw ve duak duak ta emaw tih tur a ni. Tun hma lam hun hmasa nena ngaihtuah chuan danglamna ropui tak tih loh rual a ni lo.

India leh a ṭhenawm ramte

India hian ram dang nen a inkungkaihna kawngah hian ṭhenawm ramte nena ṭha taka awm tlan hi a policy nghet, a ngaih pawimawh angin sawi ṭhin a ni. Jawaharlal Nehru aṭanga Rajiv Gandhi thleng khan ṭhenawm ramte nen pangngai takin inkungkaihna pawh kalpui a ni. Nahasimha Roa hun laiin tlemin boruak a zia chho a, an hawi vak loh, khawchhak lam pawh hawi a ni a. IK Gujral khan India hi a ṭhenawm ram, a bikin Asia chhim lam mite zingah ram lian leh hausa ber a ni bawk a, India hian unau zinga upa ber chan changin, mi dang laka beisei let nei lovin a kuah khawmin a ṭanpui tur a ni tiin a lo aupui a. Chu chu ‘Gujral Doctrine’ an ti hial a. AB Vajpayee khan ṭhenawm ramte a ngaihsak ber a, ani hian Pakistan nena inṭhian ṭhatna pawh a ngaihtuah ber kan ti thei awm e. Mahse, Pakistan hi ngaihsak a nih poh leh hian a sual zual emaw tih tur a ni. Manmohan Singh hun lai pawh khan ṭhenawm ram chu ngaihthah a ni lem lo. Hun inher zelah Narendra Modi hun a lo inher chhuak a, hei hian chuan ṭhenawm ram kal kânin, ram lian leh hausa lam a hawi a, ṭhenawm ramte lam chu a ngaihsak an ni lutuk lo.

China hi India ṭhian ṭha nihpui theih miah loh ram zinga mi a ni a. Kum 1949-a PR China a din khan India hi a pawm hmasa bertute zingah a tel a. Kum 1954-ah inremna lar tak, ‘Panchsheel’ an siam a, an hmingthanpui viau mai. Amaherawhchu, 1959-ah Dalai Lama India ramah a lo tlanchhiat aṭangin India leh China hi an inṭhian ṭha thei ta meuh lo. Kum 1962-ah phei chuan China hian min rûn a, kum 1964-ah nuclear an test hnuah ngat phei chuan India ram tan hian kawm ngeih zui theih a ni ta lo. Ram lian pahnih, ṭhang duang ve ve an ni bawk a, inngeih lohna, intihthiam loh leh buaina chhuah ṭum a awm zauh zauh fo mai. Tunah phei chuan India el bertu Pakistan chu China fa chuam a ni ta emaw tih tur a ni a, China chu India tana ram hnawksak leh buaithlak ber a ni mek a ni.

India leh ram hmasawnho

Sawi tawh angin, India hian tun hmain ram lian leh thil ti thei lam a âwn viau lo a. Mahse, Cold War laiin US lam a âwn loh chuan a eptu USSR a âwn a ngai a. USSR thlazar hnuaiah rei tak hun hmangin, USSR hian a fa chuam angin a en a, duhsakna tinreng a pe ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve. Ralthuam a pe a, mihringte a training tir bakah, ei leh bar kawngah te, policy hrang hrangah USSR tih dan a copy nasa viau mai. Mahse, kum 1991-a USSR a keh darh khan Cold War boruak a reh a, India tualchhunga insiamremna leh insiamṭhatna nen a innang ta chiah bawk a. India chuan ram dang nen inṭhian ṭhat zai a rel ve ta a ni. Mahse, an hmangaihna hmasa erawh an bân thei meuh lo.

India leh US hi tun hma chuan an inkungkaihna a ṭha viau ngai lo va, a chhan pawh Cold War politics vang a ni ber. US hi Pakistan nen inkungaihna thûk tak siamin, India hi US-in a duhsak ram a ni ngai lo. Khatih lai khan India hian US ṭhian ṭha tak nih pawh kha a tum em em lem lo emaw tih tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, hun inher danglam zel karah Cold War boruak a reh hun leh India ei leh bar dinhmun ziaawm hun a innang a, US pawhin India hmakhua leh thil tih theihna tur hmu lâwk thiam a, inkungkaihna ṭha tak a siampui ve ta a ni.

Tunah chuan India hi khawvela ram hmasawn chak ber pawl a ni a. Khawvelin hmasawnna tura thiltihtheihna an tih ‘Hard power’ heng–ei leh bar dinhmun ṭha leh ralthuam lamah pawh a duai lo hle a. Ei leh bar kawngah pawh ram hmasawn tak niin tunah hian 6.5% chuangin a ṭhang mek a, khawvela economy lian 4-na a ni mek. Sipai lamah ni se a lian 4-na a ni mek bawk. Chutih laiin, ram ṭhang zel turin a mamawh theihna hrang hrang ‘Soft power’ an tih heng diplomacy, culture leh nunphung lam te, kan history thlenga en hian khawvela ram hmasawn tak ni theihna hi kan nei ṭha viau a, heng kan thil tih theihnate hi uluk taka kan hmang ṭangkai chuan tun ai hian nasa lehzualin hma kan sawn ngei ang.

Mi tam tak chuan India tih hian ram hmasawn tâwk lo, ram bâl leh ṭawp, retheih leh mâwlnain ro a relna hmun ang hial hian an sawi ṭhin. Nia, kum tam tak chu khawvel ram hmuhsit, deuhsawh kan tâwk ṭhin ngei reng a ni. Mahse, muangchangin kan dinhmunte sawh ngheh zel a ni a, tunah chuan khawiin hmunah pawh India mi nih hi a zahthlak lo ṭan ta viau mai. India tih hi ram hmasawn leh ṭhangduang tak a nih tih hi khawvel hian an hai lo chho ve zel a ni. Khawvel politics boruak inlumlet karah pawh hmasawn kan sawn zel a, kan hmabak hi a êng ve viauin a lang. 

- Dr C. Lalengkima