Ziak leh chhiarah Mizoram bung thar kai; Hna erawh kan hmu thei si lo

Mizoram chuan India ramah a hmasa ber atan state ziak leh chhiar thiam tamna ber nihna kan lo hauh ve ta reng mai a. ULLAS (Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society) hmalakna niin, Ministry of Education-ina ziak leh chhiar thiam tehfung 95% chu pêlin, 98.2% kan ni. District-a en chuan Kerala state-a Ernakulam district khu a hmasa ber atan ziak leh chhiar thiam tamna ber district a puan a lo ni tawh a ni.

ULLAS bihchianna

ULLAS hmalakna hi New India Literacy Programme (NILP) tia hriat a ni bawk. Anni hian ziak leh chhiar thiam mai ni loin, zirnaa hriatthiamna tel leh, kan hriatte sawifiah thiamna leh a taka hman thiamnate leh mihring nuna thil pawimawh dang digital literacy, financial literacy leh ngaihtuahna fim hmanga ni tin nuna thutlukna siam thiam (critical thinking) pawimawhnate rawn pho chhuah thar leh an tum a. Kum 15 chin chung lam, chhan leh vang hrang hranga sikul kal thei lote zirtir ṭhat leh hi a tum a ni.

Kum 2023-ah door-to-door survey an laknaah mi 3,026 ziak leh chhiar thiam lo an hmuh chhuahte zinga mi 1,692-te chu zirlai anga in enroll in, zirtirna pek an ni a. Zirtirtu atan mi 292 inpe (volunteer)-te chuan zirtirin hma an lakpui a, chung zingah chuan zirlai, zirtirtu, zirna lama tui mite an tel. He hmalaknaah hian Mizo nun ze mawi leh inpekna – tlawmngaihna pawh a takin a lantir tih kan hmu chiang hle a ni.

Literacy rate leh kohhran

Mizoram ziak leh chhiar kan sanna chhan leh hlawhtlinna chhan pakhat nia lang chu kan kohhrante hi a ni ti ila kan sawi sual lo ang. Naupan lai aṭanga zirna sikul kan kai rualin Chawlhni tin sunday school-ah zirna felfai tak ruahmansak kan ni a. Thu leh hla tam tak Bible aṭangin kan lo hmelhriat nasat avangin sap ṭawngin ziak leh chhiar kan thiam kher loh pawhin Mizo ṭawngin kum naupang leh kum upaah pawh ziak leh chhiar kan lo thei ve zel a. Mizorama kohhran tinte hi he hlawhtlinnaah hian a sûl sutu pawimawh tak an ni tih hi kan hmelhriat thar leh a pawimawh.

Literacy leh ASER Report 2024

Literacy kan han tih hi chuan ziak leh chhiar thiam tih hian kan han sawi mai ṭhin a; foundational skill pawimawh tak pakhat niin, naupangin lekha zir tirh aṭanga hna a hmuh thlenga tehfung pakhat mai chauh a ni tih hi kan hriat a ṭha. A bulṭhut kan hnehsawh chuan kan thil zirte chu hriatthiamna (understanding) leh hmanna (application) tur kan hria ang a, mihring ngaihah mi chhawr tlak (skilled) kan lo ni dawn tihna chauh a lo ni.

Kumin ASER 2024 report data kan han en chuan, naupang kum 5-16 inkara kan naupangte thiamna bulṭhut (foundational literacy) level-ah hma kan sawn tih kan hmu thei a. Hei hi thu lawmawm a nih rualin, ngaihtuahna tikal thui em em pakhat he report hian a rawn tarlang a; chu chu Zo khuaa kan ṭhalaite dinhmun a ni.

ASER 2024 Report chuan kum 6-14 chung lam enrolment hian tlakhniam lam a pan a, kum 15 -16 ṭhalai, Mizoram thingtlangah 15.3%-te chu sikul kal tawh lo an ni tih hmuh chhuah a ni. India ram pum huapa en chuan 10% a ni a, naupang tlawngâwl kan tam chho tih a hriat hle. ASER Report hian a chhan leh vang a zawh loh avangin zir chiang duh tan zir chian tham a ni.

Data Aser 2024 Mizoram Report

Kum 15-16 naupang mipa leh hmeichhia (gender wise)-a en phei chuan hmeichhia aiin mipa naupang sikul kal loa awm âwl an awm nuk tih a hmuh theih a. ASER hian comaparative data trends overtime a hmuhtir avangin kum 2022 aiin 2024-ah sikul kal loa engmah ti lo kan tam tih a hmuh theih a ni.

Right to Education Act 2009 chuan naupang kum 6-14 te chu zirna a thlawna kalpui turin state-te thu a pe a, enrollment pawh kan nei sang thei viau mai. Amaherawhchu, naupangin kum 15 an rawn tling chho a, Act-in a huam tawh loh chinah chuan sikul kan bâng huk mai hi veiawm a, kan mithiamte pawhin mutmawh hnarmawha ngaih a hun hle.

Literacy leh hna hmuhna: A inthlunzawm em?

Hetiang khawpa literacy sang si hi eng vanga hna hmu thei lo nge kan nih, tih hi tunlai ṭhalai tam takte hian kan lo ngaihtuah ve ṭhin em?

Periodic Labour Force Survey-in kum 2022 July aṭanga kum 2023 June inkarah ṭhalai hna nei lo/hmu lo zirchianna a neihah Mizoramah chuan 11.9% chuan hna an nei lo/hmu lo tih a pholang a. Hei hi ram pum huapa average lak aiin kan la sang zawk. Mipa aiin hmeichhia hna hmu lo/nei lo an la tam zawk bawk.

Tam tak chuan a chhan (reason) pein, Mizoramah hna zawn kan tum vek vang a ni an ti a, a ṭhenin sorkar hna thawh kan tum vek vang a ni an ti bawk a. A dikna chen a awm ang. Kan state Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma meuh pawhin Zofa Agency inaugural June thla 2024 an neihah pawh Mizorama ṭhalai hna hmu lote hlawh tlem zawk pawh ûma Zoram pawnah hna zawng turin ṭhalaite a fuih mawlh mawlh chu a nih kha.

Páwn lamah hna zawng tura a thua innawr liam kan tum lai hian a tak ram lam hi thlir thiam a ṭha hle. India rama kan literacy rate hi 77.7% (NSO report 2021) a nih lai hian, ziak leh chhiar bulṭhut sawifiahna (definition) leh tunlaia hna hmuhna tura kan mamawh thiamthil (skills) nen hian a inmil ta hauh lo mai a. Hei hian ṭhalai 28% hna hmuh thei loh chhan a sawifiah hle a ni (ILO 2023).

Soft skill lamah lo thiam viau pawh ni mah ila, technical leh digital lamah kan thiamthil a tlem hle a, he skill hi tunlai khawvelah hna tam zawk awmna a ni bawk si nen, Mizo ṭhalaite tan chuan han bawr ve duh pawh ni ila, kha thiamthil kha kan nei tlat si lo lai tak hi a pawina a ni.

Germany leh South Korea ramte hian literacy leh hna hmuhna kawngah hian inthlunzawmna ril tak a awm hi an ring tlat a. Germany-ah chuan 99% literacy rate neiin, vocational education-ah sum tam tak chhung lutin, university rap thei lote pawhin market-ah hna an hmuh theihna tur thiamthil an lo inzirtir sa vek a. Apprenticeship programme-te kalpuiin zirna leh hna hmuhna inkar zau pawh a pawh zim phah a. Kum 2023 thleng khan an unemployment rate pawh 2.8% chauh a ni.

South Korea-ah pawh an literacy rate 98% a ni a, an ram hian sum tam tham tak chu an ram STEM education leh digital skill-ah an chhung lut a. He an investment avang hian technology leh industry hnaah an ṭhalaite tam tak an lut a; anni pawh 3.0% unemployment rate an nei a ni.

Mizorama kan zirna hi beng sika kan ngaihtuah ho a ngai tak zet a. Office-a thu neite leh kan rama zirna chungchanga thutlukna siam ṭhinte, an thuthlukna kal zel avanga vawiin ni dinhmun kai hi kan ni a. Kan dinhmun hi hei aia ṭhaa kan hlan kai theihna tur chuan ‘Mug up Culture’ aṭang ‘Skill Culture’ hi Mizo naupang leh ṭhalaite hian school level aṭanga inzirtir kan mamawh chho dawn a ni.

Kum 2015-ah daih tawh khan Central sorkarin National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, ‘Skill India’ tiha kan hriat lar em em hmangin hma an lo la nasa tawh a. He an hmalakna hian kan rama ṭhalaite thuam chak a, hna an hmuh theihna kawngah nasa takin beihpui an lo thlak tawh a ni. Kan educational planner ho hian kan naupang leh ṭhalaite tan hian vawiin thleng hian eng nge an lo tihsak ve tawh le? Mizorama naupangte tan hian hun rawn la kal tur atan hmathlir eng anga thui nge an neih kan lo en chho zel ang.

- Patrina VL Hruaitluangi