Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas pual: National Emergency 25th June, 1975 thlirletna

Vawiin hi June 25, 1975-a National Emergency puan a nih champha a ni. Sawrkar laipui chuan July 11, 2024 khan kum 1975-a India ram puma emergency puan a nih cham hriatreng nan kum tin 25th June hi Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas ni-ah a puang a. A awmzia ber chu, 25th June, 1975 emergency puan a nih vanga tuarte thlavang hauhna leh India Danpui (Constitution) rap hruala thuneihna hmansual (misuse of power) champha hriatrengna atan sawrkai laipuiin a hmang a ni.

Emergency chu eng nge?

India Danpui hnuaiah hian emergency hi chi thumah ṭhen a ni a, chungte chu – National Emergency (Article 352), State Emergency (Article 356, hei hi President's Rule tia hriat a ni bawk) leh, Financial Emergency (Article 360) te a ni.

India Danpui hi kum 1978-a vawi 44-na atan siamṭhat a nih hma khan Article 352 hnuaiah hian emergency hi chhan pathum avangin a puan theih a; chung te chu – indona (war), pawn lam aṭanga India-in rûn a tawhin (external aggression) leh, chhung lam buaina (internal disturbance) a awmin. Hemi awmzia chu, emergency puan a nih chuan India inrelbawl dan kalphung pangngai chu tihdanglam niin thuneihna sem zai pawh sem zai tawh loin mi tlemtete’n thuneihna pumhlum an nei a; chumi hmang chuan ram rorel dan mumal lo chu kawng dik zawhpui leh theihna tur atan tih a ni ber.

Emergency awm chhan

India ram hian national emergency hi vawi 3 a hmachhawn tawh a. State emergency chu state ṭhenkhatah chuan puan ni nual tawh a, Mizoramah pawh kum 1977, 1978, leh 1988-ahte puan a lo ni tawh. Vanneihthlak takin India Danpui Article 360 hnuaia financial emergency hi chu India hian a la tawk lo hlauh a. Hei vang hian kan sum dinhmun emaw, economy emaw ‘A ṭha ta hluai e’ tihna lam ni loin, ‘Emergency puan ngai khawpin buaina kan la tawk lo e’ tihna lam hawi a ni zawk ang.

India Danpui Article 352 hnuaia national emergency hi vawi thum puan a ni tawh a; chungte chu – kum 1962 China-in India a rûn ṭum te, kum 1971 India leh Pakistan kan indoa Bangladesh ram a lo pian phahnaah te, a ṭum thumna atan kum 1975 khan chhung lam buaina (internal disturbance) chhuanlama hmangin national emergency puan a ni leh bawk. Hemi hnu hian emergency hi (state emergency tih loh) puan a ni leh ta lo.

Kum 1975 National Emergency

Emergency awm tawh zawng zawngah June 25, 1975 hian sawi zui a hlawh ber a, a chhan ber chu a tuartu an tam vang leh emergency puan a nih danah felhlel lian tak awm anga a lan vang ni ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo e.

Kum 1970 chho lai kha India tan chuan hun harsa tak a ni hrim hrim. USA leh USSR inbakkaihna boruak karah khan India a ding a, ‘Zawlpui ram kan nei lo e’ ti chung reng siin USSR kha chuan kan lung a len zawk tih kha phat rual a ni lo. India leh Pakistan indo vangin ei leh barah kan dinhmun a hniam a, ni tin mamawh tinreng man a sang tual tual a, politik hmanga inbeihna mak pui pui hriat tur a tam hle bawk. Heng boruak hi eptu pawlte’n thiam taka hmangin mipui an lo fuihpawrh ve mek bawk. Eirukna, hlemhletna, thuneihna hman sual leh politik kalphung mumal lo titein khatih laia Indira Gandhi sawrkar kha an bei nasa hle a ni.

Kum 1971 inthlanpui lo awmah Indira Gandhi hruai Indian National Congress chu an chak a. Amaherawhchu, kha inthlanah khan thil felhlel hrang hrang awm ang leh khatih laia Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ngei pawh dik lo taka inthlan hmachhawnah puh a ni. Hemi chungthu hi Allahabad High Court chuan relin, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha chuan June 12, 1975 khan Court thutlukna a puang a, Indira Gandhi chu thiamloh chantir a ni. Hemi hnu lawk June 25, 1975 chuan President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed chuan emergency a puang chhuanzawm nghal. Sawrkar laipuiin emergency a puan chhanah chuan eptu pawlte’n ram chhung politikah buaina an siam avanga ram inrelbawlnain a nghawng leh chumi siamṭhatna tur atan chuan thuneihna pumbilh a ṭul avangin emergency an puang tiin an insawifiah.

Eng nge a nghawng?

Emergency puan a nih avangin eptu pawl tam tak leh sawrkar duh loh zawnga thil ti hrim hrim tam takin lung in tân an tawk nasa hle. Heng zingah hian Indira Gandhi Congress member pui Jayaprakash Narayan te, Atal Bihari Vajpayee (BJP) te leh Morarji Desai (Janata Dal) te hi mi tam tak zinga a langsar zual deuhte an ni.

Emergency puan a nih lai hian chanchinbumi leh media lama thu puangzar ṭhinte reng reng chuan thu an chhuah hmain sawrkar aṭanga phalna an lak hmasak phawt a ngai nia sawi a ni a. Hei hian ziakmite zalenna leh chanchin thar hmanga thu puangtute zalenna a nghawng nasa hle nia sawi a ni. He kalphung hi a hun laia Soviet Union leh communist ram ṭhenkhatte kalphung ang mai a ni tiin an sawi ṭhin nghe nghe.

India Danpui siamṭhat a nih hma kha chuan emergency puan a nih hian India khua leh tuite’n Fundamental Rights kan neih ṭhinte kha hman theih a ni lo a; zalenna kan neih ve chhun chhunte pawh chawlh lailawktir (suspend) vek a ni. Hemi a nih avang hian mipui an zalen lo a, sawrkar duh loh zawnga kalte chu a hremna pawh a náin court-a inlan mumal pawh awm loa lung in lama thawn liam an tam hle niin an sawi bawk.

He emergency hi eptu pawlte chuan thuneihna hmansualnaah puhin, Indira Gandhi chu sawiselna dâwl zo lo, communist tih dan entawn, dik lo taka lal tum leh mi chak lo leh hnuaihnung zawkte rahbeh pawisalo-ah an puh a. He thil hi BJP a lo sawrkar leh hnu hian an uar ta deuh zel nghe nghe niin a lang.

Emergency a zawha kalphung pangngaiah kan luh leh hnu khan India Danpui hian siamṭhat a ngai nia rinna a tam hle. Chumi avang chuan kum 1978 khan India Danpui siamṭhat vawi 44-na neih a ni ta nghe nghe. He Danpui siamṭhatah hian emergency puante pawh a lo harsa zual ta sawt a. President hian cabinet aṭanga ziaka phalna a dawn hmasak zet loh chuan emergency puan theih a ni tawh lo. National emergency puan theih chhan pathum zinga ‘Ram chhung buaina’ (internal disturbance) pawh ‘Tharum thawha helna’ (armed rebellion) tiin thlak a lo nih phah ta.

Tin, Right to Property pawh Fundamental Rights aṭanga lak chhuah niin, Article 300A-ah dah chhuah a lo ni ta. Hei hian a entir chu, emergency pawh awm leh mah se, mi thil neih chhuhsak theihna dan hi sawrkarin a nei tawh dawn lo tihna a ni.

Danpui siamṭhat hnuaiah hian Fundamental Rights Article 19-na Freedom of Speech and Expression kan tih hi indona leh India-in beih/rûn a tawh vanga emergency puan a nih chauhin a chawlh lailawktir (suspend) theih tawh bawk. Heng bakah Article 20 leh 21-nate hi chawlh lailawktir (suspend) theih an ni ta lo bawk. Heti a nih chuan emergency hi puan nawn leh pawh ni se, mimal dikna chanvo inrahbehsakna ang kha chu a awm thei tawh lo tihna a nih chu.

Khaikhawmna: Engtia inven theih nge?

Khawvela democracy ram lian bera cheng kan ni a, democracy kalphung hi kan hriat chian a ṭul hle. Indira Gandhi khan emergency kha dan dik lo takin a puang em tih zawhna hi a lâr khawp mai. A chhannaah chuan, ‘Dan inziak hmangin emergency a puang a, dan lairil erawh a bawhchhia’ a tih theih awm e. India Danpui la siamṭhat hma kha a nih avangin Danpui behchhan chuan a puang meuh mai. Amaherawhchu, emergency a puan chhan ber ‘ram chhung buaina’ tih kha emergency puan chhan tlak a ni em tih erawh ngaihtuah nawn ngai tak thil a ni. Mi ṭhenkhat sawi dan chuan, sawrkar sawiselna leh dodalna kha an tuar zo tawh lo a, inthlannaah dik lo taka hnehna chang anga puh a nih hnuah court lamin thiam loh a chantir chhunzawm bawk a. Hetiang zawng zawng lak a phuba a lak duh avangin ‘ram chhung buaina’ tih kha hmanruaah hmangin amah leh Congress party laka helte hrem nan emergency a puang a ni tiin an sawi ṭhin.

Emergency chu March 21, 1977-ah tihtawp a ni a, inthlanpuiin a chhunzawm nghal. He inthlanah hian eptu pawl Janata Party chu chakin, Morarji Desai chu Prime Minister atan thlan tlin a ni. Indira Gandhi hi kum 1980 inthlanpuiah chak lehin, Prime Minister atan thlan nawn leh a ni a, amaherawhchu, kum 1984 khan Sikh sakhua laka hma a lak dan avangin a thih phah ta a ni.

He emergency avanga thil zir chhuah ngei tur awm ta chu, democracy ramah chuan mipuite thu leh hla hian ngaih pawimawh a hlawh tur a ni tih hi a ni. Hemi tlukpui chiah hian mipuite pawh hian ram inrelbawl dan hi hotute kutah dah mai loin, sawisel leh thlit fim hna te, rawtna ṭha zawk thlente hi kan tih tur a ni tih hriat tel a ṭul tak zet.

Ram hruaitu tan phei chuan kan rorel dan duh lo zawnga dodalna te, sawiselnate hi a pawm dan kan thiam hle tur a ni. Mipui hian an duh zawng an sawi a, an tihlan hi India Danpui Fundamental Rights-in min phalsak a nih angin sawrkar sawiselna leh dona lantir hi kan tih ngei tur zawk a ni. Hei hi democracy hlawhtling taka neih tum tan chuan a pawimawh hle.

Party hruaitu lem thla an ziak inchhuhsak mai te, party pakhat tana campaign ngar ngar ‘A party-ah a tui lutuk’ ti ni awm taka MLA aṭanga bàn mai te, rûkru zawng zawngte hian an hnam hmingah ‘Modi’ an nei tih huat vanga MP aṭanga inbàn maite hi thil tih loh tawp tur a ni. Sawiselna dâwl zo sawrkar apiang hi democracy lairil hrethiam leh a hlawkna hmang ṭangkai thiam zawk an ni fo.

Nakin hun atan kan lo inven tlan theihna tur leh khua leh tui ṭha zawk kan lo nih zel theihna atan VD Mahajan thu ziak hian kan ngaihtuahna lo luah thei se a duhawm hle mai: "Ngaihtuahna seng peih lo ram hi chu an boral tlangpuiin ka hria a. Ramin hma a sawn leh sawn loh chu ram mipuite’n an mahni tana ṭha tur an ngaihtuah peih em, tihah a innghat fo. Hei hi democracy ramah a dik leh zual.

“Mipuite’n ngaihtuahna seng peih loa ram enkawl hna an hruaitute kutah chauh an dah chuan khuareiah buainain a tlakbuak nge nge ṭhin. Kan ram mipui hian tun hma zawng aiin politik hi kan ngaihven ve ta tih hi chu phat rual a ni lo. Nimahsela, chu chu a la tawk hauh lo. Inrêlna leh infak der tawnna lamtluanga hun khawhral mai mai loin, ram inrelbawlna lama harsatna leh a chinfel dan tur ngaihtuah hi ram pum ṭhatna tur leh hlawkna tur zawk niin a lang.

“Kan mamawh ber zawk chu kan duh zawng leh pawmpui zawng ni hauh lo ngaihdan a lo pian chhuaha dâwl zo thei tur kalphung nghet a ni. Chumi kalphung kan neih hunah chiah chuan democracy hlawhtlinna tura ṭul leh mamawhte tihpuitlin theih a ni chauh ang." 

- Engkima Chawngthu, Chhiahtlang