Mizo grammarian ṭhenkhatte thu kalpui dan (Reductionism leh Mizo grammarian-te tih chungchang kha)

Tun hnaiah hian Mizo zinga grammar tuipuitute thu leh hla hian kan mi thiamte beng rawng a luh chilh ve ṭan ta tih a lo lang chhuak ta a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni. Kan ziak mi leh mi thiam zinga pakhat pawhin, “Chawngkhum dan tlang huat loh,” tih phêna biru pah deuhin kan grammarian ṭhenkhatte thu vuak thlak (vuakthlak ni lovin) dan sawi hnawmin a rawn ral sai ṭan ta niin a lang. Ni e, grammar aṭanga systematic tak leh scientific taka kan ṭawng ziah dan dik sawi fiahna hian, kan mi thiam eng emaw zatte’n nuam ti taka ziah dan an lo kalpui tawh ṭhin, an comfort zone kha a hawlh buai ta tlat a, technical deuh taka paih thlakna mai a awm si loh chuan kan lo tih ṭhan tawh dan, kan comfort zone hum him tur khan hmanraw chi hrang hrang dap khawm a lo ṭul ta a ni.

July ni 7, 2025-a chhuak Vanglaini-ah khan kan ziak mi zinga zahawm tak pakhat, medical science lama thang chhuah tawh leh lehkhabu lehlin lama tluk loh rim nam chuan Mizo grammarian ṭhenkhatte thu kalpui dan chu awm ang lo a tih thu sawiin, philosophy huanga reductionism leh science peng ṭhenkhat, physics leh chemistry-te nena rawn chawm pawlhin, grammarian-te chu creative writing hlutna leh ropuina hre ve miah lo-ah an rawn chhuah titih deuh der mai a. A thu kalpui dan han en hian ṭul a tih chin leh chin lohah philosophy leh reductionism hi a rek bung deuh mai nia a lan avang leh, a grammarian sawite thu kalpui dan a hriat chian tlat loh avang hian a thu ziah hi han thlirpui ve ṭulin kan hre ta deuh a ni. Grammarian-te chuan thu lam khat zel phel darha, hniak pawh ‘hniah’ tia thlak ta mai ang deuha a rawn rik chhuahpui tak mai dan aṭangin heng grammarian-te thu kalpui dan hi a ral thlir mai mai a, tih tak takin a zuk bih chianpui hauh lo niin a lang tlat mai!

Grammar leh ṭawng ziah dan chungchang kan sawi kai hmain mi mal ngaih dan te pawh han thawh hmasa ve ila a ṭha ang e. Mihring finna hi science-ah hian a par chhuak chiang hle a, kum 20 vel physics ka lo zirtir ve tawh avang hian science hi ka ngai ropui tak zet a; mahse, science hian a nihna takah chuan social science hnuaiah par a chhuang mai a ni. Social science pawh chu literature huangah hian kan la khung leh thei a, chung zawng zawng chu philosophy-a innghat a ni leh cheu, kan ti thei awm e. Hetiang karah hian language chu a awm a, chu chu ṭawng ri leh ziah hmangin kan lan chhuahtir a, kan rilrua ṭawng (language) awm sa khan inrel dan (system and structure) mumal tak a nei sa a, chu chu ri (sound) leh ziah (written) hmang hian kan lan chhuahtir ṭhin a ni.

Kan ziak mi zahawm takin Mizo grammarian-te thu kalpui dan chungchang a rawn sawite kha a indawtin i han bihpui ve teh ang.

“Linguistic lama reduction an hman dan ang ni chiah si lo, physics leh science lama reductionism ang deuh roh hian Mizo ṭawng grammar dan siam tumin an phel darh chiam a,” a rawn ti phawt mai a. Hetiang hian i han sawi zui teh ang: Linguistic hi science of language a nih miau avangin reductionism hi nasa takin kan hmang thei miau a ni. Kan ṭawng leh a ziah dan din hmun azirin hnam hrang hrangin kan hman dan leh kan hman ngei a ṭulna mual erawh chu a inang kher lo ang. Morphology huangah phei chuan thu mal pawh tling zo lo, thu khingphel ‘morpheme’ (fanghma tiha ‘fang’ hi morpheme a ni) thlengin an phel darh sele leuh zawk ṭhin. Ziah dan bika tuna kan grammar kalpui mek hi thu mal inkara space awm chi a ni a tlat a, kan ziah hran tur chin kan hriat theih nan, a ṭawnga kan ṭawng laia thu mal dik tak atana kan hman ngei kha kan hriat chian a ṭul a ni. A ṭawnga kan ṭawng lai hian ‘mi mal’ tiha ‘mi’ leh ‘mi thiam’ tiha ‘mi’ hi a awmzia a danglam miah loh (common noun a ni a) laiin kan pu hi chuan ‘mi mal’ tia a ziah laiin ‘mithiam’ a ti daih thung. ‘Duhzawng’ tih a ziah zawm laiin ‘ngainat zawng’ tiin a ziak leh daih bawk (hetiang chi hi a dang pawh a la awm nual). Ziaktu tam zawkin ‘mi fing, mi thiam’ tia an ziah laia amah hian ‘mifing, mithiam’ tia a ziah avang ngawta mi dang (midang ni lovin)-te chu thu mal awm sa phel darh chinga a puh zel mai chuan thil a fel mawh ngawt ang.

Mizo ṭawngah hian kan ziah zawm avanga thu mal ni ta hi pakhat mah a awm lo a, a ṭawng neitute’n kan ṭawng laia thu mal atana kan hman ngei kha thu mal dik chu a ni. Chu chu ngaihtuah thleng lovin hmanlai aṭanga thu mal anga ngaia kan duh duha kan lo ziah zawm ṭhin kha thu mal emaw kan ti ta tlat a; chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu thu mal ni lova thu mal ṭang rual (phrase) an nih zawkzia technically-in kan grammarian-te hian an rawn sawi fiah ṭhin a, chu chu thu mal phel darh ching tih an hlawh phahna chhan chu a ni. “…. Mizo ṭawng grammar dan siam tumin an phel darh chiam a,” tih lek phei hi grammar awmze dik tak hre miah lo thu leh hla a ang tak zet a, ziah dan bik leh ziah zawm leh zawm loh chauh hi grammar emaw tihna rilru aṭanga lo chhuak a ang hle a ni.

Grammar tih hming pawh kan hriat hma leh ziah pawh kan thiam hma daih hian kan pi leh pute ṭawngah khan grammar hi a lo awm daih tawh zawk a ni! Mawi pangpar ti lovin ‘Pangpar mawi’ an lo ti a, ‘Huaisen naupang’ ti lovin ‘Naupang huaisen’ an lo ti a, noun leh adjective tih thu mal an hriat hma daih khan hming (noun) dawtah a sawi fiahtu (adjective) an lo dah daih tawh zawk a (JF-a phei chuan kan pi leh pute grammar lo thiamzia kha a hrilhfak a nih kha), chu chu grammar dan chu a ni. Grammarian-te va sawi phak a awm lo. Kan ṭawng hlawm pumpui leh a inrel dan kha grammar a ni sa daih tawh (Oxford dictionary en mah teh) a, chumi chhunga ṭawng bung hrang hrang leh an hna thawhte zuk zir chiana, sawi fiaha, an hming vuahte kha grammarian-te tih theih chu a ni. Kan ṭawng kal phung (chu chu grammar a ni) awm sa mil hian a ziah dan erawh chu a duan chhuah theih ta a ni.

Kan ṭawng laia thu mal atana kan hman ngei kha a ṭhen kan ziah hrana, a ṭhen kan ziah zawm put si chuan engti kawng mahin ziah dan kal phung fel kan nei thei ngai dawn lo zawk a ni. Mimal, mi mal, duhzawng, duh zawng tih ringawt pawh hi thu mal an nih leh nih loh sawi fiahna fel tak kan neih loh chuan kan ziah dan a inang lo zung reng mai dawn a ni. Hengte hi kan grammarian-te hian an vei a, hnam changkang zawkte anga ziah dan fel tak kan neih theihna turin hma an la ngar ngar zawk a ni. Grammar dan siam tumin thu mal an phel darh chiam lo a, a ṭawnga kan ṭawng laia thu mal atana kan hman miah loh, thu mal anga kan lo ziah zawm ṭhin kha kan ṭawng milin an rawn ziak ta a ni mai. Thu mal dik tak, puvanasaihlum, dawithiama-arpa, thingrem-zai-thei, ṭhawngaleivir, tuichhunchhuah (hyphen awmna hi thu mal hrang tihna a ni lo) tih ang chiho chu an phel darh ngai reng reng lo a, common noun dik tak chu ziah zawm ngei tur a ni tih hi an zirtir char char zawk a ni.

“Vawkhniakzawn kan lo tih fo pawh an phel darh a, ‘hniak’ chu ‘hniah’ tiin an thlak mauh mai bawk a. Thu mal ṭhenkhat chu coined word a nia, ziah hran a rem lo.” ‘Hniak’ hi ‘hniah’ tia lo thlak danglam ta hi grammarian zingah ka la hre ve miah lo mai! ‘Vawkhniakzawn’ tih erawh hi chu coined word a nih ngai chuan parts of speech-a a nihna hriat a chakawm tak zet a ni. ‘Thla’ tih tel lo hian amah lawng hi noun nge a nih anga adjective tih hriat a chakawm tak zet. Grammarian ṭhenkhat (grammarian inti ngam chiah lo mah ila insawi tel ta ila)-te chuan ‘vawkhniakzawn’ tih thu mal hi Mizote’n kan neih kan hre lo a, ‘vawk hniak zawn’ tih phrase erawh chu kan nei tih hriain thla hming sawi fiahna atan kan hmang ṭhin tiin kan sawi ṭhin a ni. Proper noun atana kan hman chuan hawrawppuia ṭan zelin ‘Vawk Hniak Zawn Thla’ (Arsi Tlak Kum tih ang deuh hian) tia ziah hi a dik e, kan ṭawng kal phung nen a inmil zawk tiin kan sawi ṭhin a, kan theih ang tawkin technically-in kan sawi fiah ṭhin. Hemi chungchang hi chu awmze neia sawi ho kan chak em em reng zawk a ni.

‘Coined word’ hi thu mal thar hlak chher chhuah sawina a ni a, thu mal ṭang rual (phrase: ziah hran chi) pawh a ni thei nghe a, thu mal awm sa rem khawm a nih chuan awmze dang daih a neih tawh ṭhin thung. Tichuan le, ‘vawkhniakzawn’ tiha thu mal awm khawmte zingah hian thu mal thar hlak pakhat tal a awm em? Ziah zawm a nih hian ziah hran a nih laia a awmzia ang ni lo thu mal awmze thar nei a piang em? A nih loh leh, an zingah hian an awmze pangngai (literal meaning) kalsana awmze dang nei ta pakhat tal an awm em? Kei ka hmuh dan chuan, ‘Awm suh ei!’ tih a ni tlat. Vawk kal vel hniak a zàwn chuk lai sawina a la ni reng a, chutianga vawk hniak (vawkhniak ni lovin) a inzawn chuk hun lai thla chu vawk hniak zawn thla an ti a, proper noun atana kan hman chuan ‘Vawk Hniak Zawn Thla’ tiin kan lo ziak ta a ni. Proper noun a nih hnu hian vawk leh hniak leh zawn khian an awmzia (literal meaning) pakhat mah an hloh lo a, coined word definition nen chuan a inhne rem mawh khawp mai. Arsi Tlak Kum tih nen hian a nih phung a inang reng.

“Grammar hi acquired knowledge a ni,” tih hi kan va pawmpui teh reng em! Language leh grammar hi acquired knowledge mai ni lovin learned knowledge pawh a ni nghal a ni. Zir vaka thiam theih a nih tlat avang hian alawm a ṭawnga ṭawng dan dik leh ziah dan dik hi a pawimawh em ema, grammarian-te’n an vei tak ni. Chutah chuan ziah dan chauh hi grammar a ni lo a, ṭawngah hian a awm hmasa zawk a ni. Chumi mila ziah dan dik kan kalpui loh chuan kan ṭawng ziah dan hi a fel lo kumkhua ang tih hi grammarian-te thu vei chu a ni. Tuna a thu ziah kan chai mek kan pu ang hian, “Kan rilru hna thawh dan” tia kan ziaha, a hnuai lawka “Kan rilru hnathawh dan” tia kan ziah leh si chuan zir laiin acquired/learned knowledge a neih tur kha kan ti buai vek ang a, hnathawh/hna thawh hi thu mal nge ṭhu mal ṭang rual tih a chiang thei tawh dawn hauh lo a ni.

“Kan hnam hian literature-ah matric standard kan la pel fel chiah lo em ni aw tih turin grammar kan la buaipui hle a. Hnam naupang kan nihzia a lang hle,” a ti leh a. Hei hi i han sawi zui ve leh thung teh ang. Literature-a kan hnam din hmun hi chu keini ang duang sawi rual a ni lo ang e. Amaherawhchu grammar kan la buaipui avanga hnam naupang ni ta kan nih leh nih loh hi zawng, thu dang daih a ni ta. Hemi chungchang bikah hi chuan Dr JT Vanlalngheta thu khawchang hi ka’n ring mai teh ang: “Thawk khat lai khan, Britain leh United States-ahte pawh sikula grammar zir a ṭul leh ṭul loh chungchangah mi thiamte an inhnial ṭhin a. Chu vang chuan, kum 25 zet chu state ṭhenkhata sikulahte chuan grammar zir chu an ti tawp a; mahse, zirna kawnga tih dan phung (fashion) a lo inthlak danglam chhoh poh leh grammar mamawhna a lo nasain, grammar hmanga bul ṭanna tel lova subject hrang hrang zir chu thil ṭha lo a ni tih hmuh chhuah a lo nih tak zel avangin, Britain leh US-ahte chuan ‘a ṭo bula kir leh’ (return to basics) tih thupuia vuahin hma thar an la chho ta zel a ni.” (December ni 17, 2021-a international webinar, MGS leh HRD Mizoramin an buatsaih ṭuma Dr. JT Vanlalngheta paper aṭanga lak chhuah a ni.)

“Mizo zinga Grammarian (G hi hawrawppuiin a ziak mauh mai a) intite hi a tlangpuiin prescriptive grammarian an ni a,” a ti leh a. Hei hi eng emaw chen chu a dik awm e. A sawitu hian prescriptive grammar leh descriptive grammar awmzia a hriat chian danah a innghat thei tho bawk. Mizo grammarian zawng zawngte kal phung kan hre chiah lo a, ‘Mizo Grammar Society (MSG)’ erawh hi chuan formal grammar huang chhunga descriptive grammar hi a kalpui ber chu a ni. Chumi awmzia chu, Mizo mipui tam berin a ṭawnga kan ṭawng laia thu kan chheh chhuah dan sawi fiahna hi a tuipui ber tihna a ni. Tu ṭawng hman dan mah hi MGS hian a khuahkhirh (prescribe) zawngin hma a la ngai lo a, mi ṭawng hman dan awm sa kha grammar hmangin a sawi fiah zar zar zawk ṭhin. Chu chu decriptive grammar a ni. A ziah dan lai bikah hian descriptive grammar hmanga ṭawng sawi fiahna mila ziah dan kha a kalpui thung a, chutah chuan mi ziah dan dik leh dik loh kha sawia, ziah dan tur dik zawk kawh hmuh (prescribe hian a huam thei ang chu) a ṭul ta ṭhin a, hei hi prescriptive zuia ngaih theih an nihna a ni. Mahse, ṭawng (language) zirna leh sawi fiahna a kalpui dan erawh chu descriptive lam hawi zel a ni zawk thung. Prescriptive grammar hian, “Chu chu i ziah zawm anga, chu chu i ziah zawm lo ang,” tih lam hi a sawi lo tluk a ni. Chumi word aiah chumi word chu i hmang tur a ni, tih ang chi hi a ni. Preposition hmangin sentence i ti tawp tur a ni lo tih ang chi te, lawng aiah lo’ng i hmang tur a ni, tih ang deuh hi a ni zawk. ‘Ami’ aiah ‘em ni’, ‘tarmit bun’ aiah ‘tarmit vuah’ i hmang ngei ngei tur a ni, tih ang hi a ni. Ziah zawm leh zawm loh chungchang tak hi prescriptive grammar-in ziah dan chungchanga a zirtir a ni hran lo.

“Literature-te, ṭawng hrim hrimte hi grammar siam an ni lo, grammar hi ṭawngin a siam mai a ni,” tih kan hmu leh a. He thu aṭang hian a ziaktu hian grammar a hmelhriat dan chin leh a dah hniamzia chu a lang kan ti lo thei lo. Ṭawng (language)-in grammar a siam thu hi eng zirna hmunah mah ka la hmu ve hauh lo mai! Oxford Dictionary erawh chuan, ‘Grammar chu ṭawng hlawm pumpui leh a inrel dan (the whole system and structure of a language)’ a ti hlauh zawk a ni. Kan ṭawnga thu mal kan hman chhuah dan kal phung kha grammar a ni nghal a nih chu. System leh structure nei miah lova ṭawng lo piang chhuak hi kan la hre ve ngai miah lo tlat a ni! Chuvangin, ‘Ṭawng hian grammar a pianpui,’ (Language and grammar evole together) kan ti zawk ṭhin. Grammar tel miah lohna literature pawh hi kan lo la hre ve ngai hauh lo mai! Ṭawng kal phung, ṭawnga thu mal inchheh rem dan rel feltu kha grammar a ni miau a, chumi tel lo chuan literature leh language kha a tla hrang thei lo zawk a ni. Khawi university-ah mah literature avanga grammar hnawlna emaw, dah hniamna emaw kan la hre ngai lo a, writer zingah grammar do zawnga ṭawng cheh kan hre ngai hek lo. Thu leh hla ṭha leh mawi chher chhuaktu (creative writer)-te hmanraw pawimawh ber chu grammar hi a ni fo ṭhin zawk a ni.

“Kan grammarian ṭhenkhat hi chu social media lama an thu vuakthlak (a ziah zawm mauh mai a) dan aṭangin, creative writing hlutna leh ropuina te, khawvelin a ngaihsan dan te hi an la man phak lo tih a chiang a, literature-ah hmabak an la ngah hle tih inpawm ngam se la anmahni pawhin hma an sawn ngei ang.” A sei duh em mai a, hei hi thui tak sawi zui hman a ni ta lo. Grammarian zinga creative writing hlutna leh ropuina man phak miah lo hi ka la hre ve rih lo a, chutiang an lo awm a nih hlauh chuan a pawi hle ang. Amaherawhchu, creative writing ropuina hi keini ang duang tan chuan hriat zawh sen rual a ni lo a, kan novelist ngaih san zawngte chanchin leh an thu thiam dan pawh kan sawi chhuak zo hek lo. “Thawnthu ziah na na na chu a thiam ber mai,” tih te, “Hlaah na na na chuan a ropui a ni,” “Drama leh short story-ah chuan ani tluk hi an vang khawp ang,” tih ang chi thuartham bak hi creative writing chungchangah chuan sawi tur kan hre meuh lo, a thiam zawkte sawiah kan khek mai ṭhin a, ngaihnawm ti takin kan lo ngaithla ṭhin. Amaherawhchu, an thu ziahte chhiar a lo nawm zawk dan tur leh ziah dan dik zawk nia kan hriatte, thu chheh dan kal hmang dik zawk nia kan hriatte erawh chu kan sawi ve ngam chauh zawk a ni. Thu chheh a lo mawi zawk theihna tura grammar dan (ṭawng kal phung) pangngai pela thu han chheh te hi kan hre thiam em em zawk a ni.

Grammarian-te’n ziah dan dik zawk leh ṭawng hman dan dik zawk an sawi chang hian creative writer-te thu phuah thiamna kha an dah hniamin an dah nep ngai reng reng lo a, Mizo zinga kan writer ropui tak takte zawk hian grammarian-te thu leh hla, an tana ṭangkai tur ngawih ngawih zawk pawh kha an dawngsawng thiam lo a ang lek lek zawk ṭhin. Creative writing ropuina hi a zawng a za chuan grammarian-te hian an man pha kher lo ang a, hma sawnna tur tam tak pawh an mamawh ngei ang tih chu a lang reng mai a; chutih rual erawh chuan writer puitling zawkte pawh hian grammar pawimawhzia hi kan ngaihtuah tel a ṭul fo ṭhin. Kan ziak mi zahawm takin grammarian-te a chah ang let zawng chiah khian han sawi ve thung ila: Kan writer ṭhenkhatte hian Mizo grammar kal phung tak tak hi an la man phak lo a, chu chuan an thu ziah danah harsatna a thlen nasa hle a ni tih inpawm ngam sela, hma an sawn ngei ang a, an thu ziah pawh a lo hlu lehzual dawn zu nia!

Ni e, a hnam pum anga literature-a hma kan sawnna tur chuan creative writing chauh ni lovin a innghahna grammar dik hi kan ngaih pawimawh tel a ṭul a ni. Dr. JT Vanlalngheta ṭawngkam bawk hi thu khar nan ka’n hmang mai teh ang: Grammar hi literature ṭha kan neih theih nana min kaihruaitu a nih avangin mahni phak tawka zir taimaka, nunpui i tum ang u.

- Maenga Kawlni, MGS