A AW B tihdanglam
Mizoram sorkarin Mizo ṭawng hmasawnna leh humhalhna lama hma la tura Sept. 29, 2023-nia a din Mizo Language Development Board (MLDB) chuan a hmasa ber atan Nov. 17, 2023 (Zirtawpni) ah khan ṭhukhawmin, hmalak dan tur an sawi ho.
He ṭhutkhawmah hian Mizo ṭawngin hma a sawn zel theihna tur atan tinzawn bik neia hma latu tur sub-committee hrang hrang siam a nih bakah, A AW B (orthography) siam rem chungchangte pawh an sawi ho bawk a. A AW B siam rem tih hian hawrawp pakhat ‘NG’ awmna hmun chu tihdanglam ni se la, ‘N’ leh ‘O’ inkarah dah ni se a ṭha ang em an ti a. Tunah chuan thuthlukna la siam mai loin, mipuiah sawi zauna neih hmasak ni phawt se la an ti a ni.
Hetianga hawrawp pakhat awmna hmun sawn chungchanga rawtna a rawn chhuah chhan nia lang chu, tunlai huna thu ziahna atana kan hmanrua ber computer (a bik takin hnathawhna atana kan hman tam ber Excel-ahte) hian alphabetical order anga han dah (alphabeticalise) hian ‘N’ hnungah zel ‘NG’ hi a dah zel vang a ni a. Kum sawm hma lamah khan MBSE lam pawhin hetianga tihdanglam hi ṭha zawkin an lo hriain ṭulin an lo hre tawh nâ a, an lo ti tlang ngam chiah lo tawh ṭhin a. Tunah MLDB chuan tihdanglam a ṭha ang em tiin hma an han la ta a ni.
Chutianga hawrawp pakhat kan tidanglam a nih chuan hetiang hian a lo ni tawh dawn a:
A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N NG O P R S T Ṭ U V Z
Hnam tin hian ṭawng kan nei vek a, ziak hmanga inbiakna ṭawngkam kan tih hawrawp (alphabet) hi 1750 BCE aṭang khan a lo awm tawhin Proto-Sinaitic kha alphabet kan neih hmasak ber nia hriat a ni. Chu Proto-Sinaitic chu belh a, siamṭha chho zelin, chuta ṭang chuan hnam hrang hrangte pawhin alphabet nei chho zelin English alphabet pawh hi rawn chhuak nia ngaih a ni. English alphabet hi engtik aṭang chiaha neih nge tih erawh hriat a har tawh hle mai a, kum zabi 7-na hma lam khan Latin script aṭanga lak nia sawi a ni. English alphabet-ah chuan hawrawp 26 awmin vawiin thleng hian hetianga hman a ni a. BC 3000 velah daih tawh pawh khan lal hnuaia arsi chanchin zir mite chuan symbol mawl te te hmangin tahrik ni leh inawpna – chhiarpui chhinchhiah nan te, pian cham leh thil dang chhinchhiahna tana an lo hman ṭhin chu alphabet ṭobul nia sawi a ni bawk.
Greek ho pawhin BC 800 velah alphabet: Alpha, Betta, Gamma tih hi an lo nei tawh a, vawiin thlenga hman a la ni a, a zavaiin hawrawp 24 a ni. Hindi alphabet pawh hi hawrawp 46 a ni a, vowel 13 leh consonant 33 a ni. Spanish chuan alphabet 27 an nei a, German chuan 26, Russian-in 33, French-in 26, Italian-in 21, Arabic-in 28; Chinese hnam hi chuan alphabet an neih zat hi sawi theih chiah a ni lo. Hetiang hian hnam hrang hrang hian alphabet kan nei hlawm a, keini Mizo pawhin alphabet 25 neiin, English te’n alphabet an neih zat hi keini aiin pakhatin a tam zawk a ni.
Mizoin alphabet kan hman mek hi kan hriat chian lehzualna atan a bulṭhut aṭangin han sawi ila. Mizo ṭawng bul min ṭansaktu hi Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa te tia hriat a ni a, chîk taka ngaihtuah chuan Thomas Herbert Lewin (Thangliana) kha a nih zawk theihna lai a awm. Pu Buanga te chuan Mizo ṭawng hi kum 1897-a an siam niin kan pawm a, Pu Thangliana chuan kum 1874-ah khan Mizo ṭawngin thu leh hla a lo nei tawh a, lehkhabu a lo siam tawh thung. Thangliana chu kum 1857 September 9-ah Sepoy Mutiny avangin India ramah a lo chhuak a, England aṭangin Spain vaukam hrûtin Mediterranean tuipuiah rawn kalin, Red Sea-ah kalin, Suiz Canal a rawn kal zel a, Indian Ocean-ah kalin Bombay a rawn thleng ta a ni. Oct. 15, 1864-ah Satikang (Chittagong) a rawn thleng chho a, Sepoy Mutiny rilru leh Bengali nungchang a mil loh em em laiin Mizo leh tlangmi, nungchang danglam tak a rawn hmuh khan tlawh chhuah a chak nghal em em mai a. A hmasa ber atan Thangluah lal Rothangpuia chu ṭhianah a siam thuai a, kum 1872-a Mary Winchester lak let lai khan Mizo ṭawng hi a thiam tawh viau bawk a ni. Heng aṭang hian Mizo ṭawng pawh English alphabet hmangin, Roman script, Sir S.W. Jones Method-in Mizo ṭawng a lo ziak a. A lehkhabu hmasa ber “Hills Tract of Chittagong and the Dweller Therein”-ah pawh chuan Mizo ṭawng thumal tam taka lo ziak lang tawh a ni.
Kum 1870-a a buatsaih “Progressive Colloquial Exercise of the Lushai Dialect” tihah pawh chuan Mizo ṭawng leh sap ṭawng thumal dah kawp zelin thumal 1,105 lai a dah a. He lehkhabu hi hlawm thuma ṭhen a ni a; hlawm khatna chuan phek 1-70 thleng awhin Lushai Dialect of the Kuki or Dzo language tiin inbiakna ṭawngkam sentence hrang hrangte chu Mizo ṭawng leh sap ṭawngin a dah kawp zel a. Hlawm hnihna pawh chuan phek 71-90 thleng awhin Mizo thawnthu pathum Chemtatrawta, Lalruanga leh Kungawrhi te thawnthu chu Mizo ṭawng leh sap ṭawngin a dah bawk a. Hlawm thumna chuan phek 91–120 thleng a awh a, vocabulary lam niin Mizo ṭawng leh sap ṭawngin a dah kawp nghal zel bawk. Amaherawhchu, he lehkhabua Mizo ṭawngte hi mi tam tak tan chuan chhiar har tak tur a ni thung. Hawrawp mal te tea ziak erawh min hnutchhiah lo a, thumal (word) hlira ziak hi kan hmuh theih chu a ni a, a thawnthu ziak aṭanga uluk tak chhiar erawh chuan alphabet 25 a hmang nia hriat a ni.
Hetiang hian a sentence siam ṭhenkhatte chu han thlir chhin ila:
Nungma i-in-tshiem-taw-em = Are you nearly ready,
In-om-lem-ang = I will play,
Tu vaibel ngey a-dzu? = Whose pipe was he smoking?
Koyangey kul-don? = Where are you about to go?
Nungma pu-un i-ta emni? = Are you weaving cloth?
Koyma tum-tuk ka-ril atam-ey = I am very hungry,
He hmaitscia nula pa-hnit, ni-dzana alam-don-taw-a, alam-ta-loh = These two girls were to have danced last night but they did not,
Hetiang rei-tuk mut dzong adzak-tlagh-em-ey = I am ashamed much of sleeping so late.
Heng bakah hian thumal pawh hetiang hian ṭhahnem tham tak a dah bawk:
Pakat – One,
Pahnit – Two,
Patum – Three,
Pali – Four,
Pa-nga – Five,
Paruk – Six,
Pasari – Seven,
pariek – Eight,
Pakoa – Nine,
Prophet – Kuavang-dzawl,
Dzai-tchum – Cut with scissors,
Ashang – tall/ high,
Matei-lovin – surely/certainly,
Ngah-sha – fish,
Nimin-dzan – yesterday night,
Tchum-dzing – Morning mist,
Mu-ul-pui – A mountain,
Pa-tchia – Poor,
Lukha – Platform,
Mei-koh – Smoke,
Vai-hto-len – A mosquito curtain,
Vana-nghur – Thunder,
Mu-tscuak – Sleepy,
Hmei-htai – Widow,
Dzong – A monkey, adt.
Thangliana hnuah hian Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa te chu Mizoram rawn luh an tum a, an rawn luh mai theih loh avangin Mizoram pawnah kum thum vel an awm a. Pu Buanga hi Jan. 21, 1891-ah Calcutta a rawn thleng a, Sap Upa hi chuan kum tawp lamah a rawn fin ve chauh a. An pahnih chuan Tripura rama Mizo hnahthlakte zingah rawngbawlna neih an tum a, nimahsela, Tripura raja chuan a lo remtih mai loh avangin kum 1892 January thlaah chuan Chittagong Hills Tracts lamah an kal leh ta a. Heta an awm lai hian Thangliana lehkhabu ziak ‘The Hill Tracks of Chittagong and The Dweller Therein’ tih lehkhabu hmang chuan Mizo ṭawng pawh an zir ngun ṭhin hle. Hei hi Mizo ṭawng lehkhabu an hmuh hmasak ber a ni a, chumi hnuah Brojo Nath Shaha siam ‘Grammer of Lushai Language’ tih lehkhabu chu an hmu leh a, ni tina an zir ṭhin mai bakah, Mizo pa pakhat kawm tur an hmu fuh hlauh bawk a, ani hnen aṭang chuan ṭawng an zir bawk. Tichuan, Mizo ṭawng thiam sain kum 1894-ah Mizoram an rawn lut a, Aizawl an rawn thlen zan pawhin puan in kaiha an mut laiin sakhi kah nan silai an neih leh neih loh pawn lam aṭanga an rawn zawh pawhin, ‘Nei lo’ tiin an lo chhang a ni.
Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa te chuan Mizoram an rawn luh tirh aṭang chuan rawngbawlna an nei char char a, an ṭul hle. Chutianga an buai hle karah chuan Mizoram an rawn luh hmaa an thiam sa leh an rawn luh hnua an thiam tharte aṭang chuan ziak ngeiin A AW B min siamsak a. Hemi hma hian Silchara an awm lai hian alphabet an lo duang tawh a, chu an duan chu hetiang hi a ni:
AW A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Z CH
Nimahsela, Mizoram an rawn luh hnu kum 1897-a an siam chu hetiang hi a ni:
A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T Ṭ U V Z
Hetiang hi a nih laiin J hi Pu Buanga hian Mizo ṭawng ri-ah hian a tel loh avangin kum 1940-a chhuak Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah kha chuan a paih leh daih tawh a ni.
Hemi an siam hnuah hian Zosapthara chuan J leh NG te chu rawn belh ve lehin, tuna hman ang hian tihdanglam awm leh tawh loin kan hmang chhunzawm reng a ni. Chutiang chu hei hi a ni:
A AW B CH D E F G NG H I J K L M N O P R S T Ṭ U V Z
Hetiang a nih takah chuan Mizo ṭawnga A AW B min siamsaktute hi Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa te pahnih chauh an ni lo tih chu kan hrethiam thei maiin a rinawm. Pu Buanga ten Mizoram an rawn luh hma khan Thangliana lehkhabu ziakte kha chhiar hmasa lo ni sela hetiang hian ngaihtuah nachang an hria ang em? Thangliana (T.H. Lewin) kha kawng sialsaktu atan an pawm em tihte hi ngaihtuahnaah a awm nghal bawk. Chutiang zelin Zosapthara pawh credit pek ngei a ngai bawk ang.
Tunah MLDB chuan uluk taka an ngaihtuahin A AW B CH D E F G H I J K L M N NG O P R S T Ṭ U V Z tih ṭhu tha zawka hriatna an nei a. A tir lama kan sawi tawh angin, tihdanglam ṭula an hriat chhan pawh tun huna ziakna hmanrua bera kan neih leh hman computer-in alphabetical order anga dahin NG hi N hnunga a dah tlat vang hian tihdanglam nawn leh zel a ngaih ṭhin avangin a buaithlak a. Computer-in alphabetical order anga a dah dan ang hian dah mai chu a ṭha lawm mi tih ngaihdan a rawn pian vang a ni.
Ṭawng chu thil nung ang deuh a nihna lai a awmin a che ve reng a, tihdanglam a ngaih hun pawh a awm bawk ṭhin a. Ṭawng bungraw ṭhenkhatte phei chu paih a, a thar seng luh hun pawh hnam dangte pawhin an nei ṭhin. Tuna kan sawi lai erawh thumal a ni lo a, hawrawp mal chungchang a ni a, a awmhmun sawn mai chauh a ni. A ṭha zawng leh a ṭha lo zawng pawhin nghawng lian lutuk chu a neih kher a rinawm chuang loh nâin, a tir aṭanga A AW B kan lo neih tawh a, kan lo thiam tawh sa chu hawrawp paih leh belh pawh awm chuang loin hawrawp pakhat chu a awmna hmun a danglam dawn ta tihna a ni.
Chutianga hawrawp pakhat lo danglam tak avang chuan a zir tir aṭanga thiam tawh sa puitling thlengin kan zir thar leh erawh a ngai dawn tihna a ni ang a, thil zir har tak pawh a ni kher chuang awm lo e. Ngaihtuahna han hmang zau hlawm teh ang u.
Lehkhabu râwnte:
1) Progressive Colloquial Exercise of the Lushai Dialect. T.H. Lewin Calcutta 1874.
2) Zofate Chanchin Ṭha rawn hlantute P.L. Lianzuala, First Edition 2012.
3) Report of the Seminar of Lecturers in Mizo Language held from 12 -14 Feb. 1975 at Aizawl Club, Aizawl
Articles:
(1) MIZO A AW B ṬOBUL PU BUANGA TE SIAM A NI LO. C. Vanlal Ruaia, Librarian, Govt. Aizawl College
(2) MIZORAM INTACH HMALAKNA – II. Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak